FLSD Book Notes PDF

COLOR KEY: BLUE: TITLES PINK: FLSD DUTIES PURPLE: ON SITE. BLACK: NOTES RED: SECTIONS YELLOW: DEFINITIONS. ______________________________________________ Comprehensive Fire Safety an EAP An evacuation plan is required for the following occupancies: ❖ Group A ❖ Group B: Office Buildings occupied/designed by more than 500 people on one or more floors, even main lobby/street level. Or 100 people throughout the building. ❖ Group H ❖ Group I ❖ Group M: With more than 500 people on each floor including the lobby/street. 100 persons on one floor throughout the building, or 25+ people in the building. 100 people throughout the building, or a total occupancy of 500 people. 25+ people dispersed throughout the building, you need an FLSD. ❖ Group R-1: Occupied by 30 lodgers. 15 lodgers above the main lobby/street level for a period of 90 days or less. Designed to contain a total of more than 30 sleeping rooms. More than 15 sleeping rooms above the street level. Occupied by one or more lodger on a floor more than 75 feet above the street level. ❖ Group R-2: Occupied by 30 lodgers. 15 lodgers above the main lobby/street level for a period of 90 days or less. Designed to contain a total of more than 30 sleeping rooms. More than 15 sleeping rooms above the street level. Occupied by one or more lodger on a floor more than 75 feet above the street level. ❖ Buildings equipped with a fire alarm system that has a voice comms system of the kind required in class B, R-1, or M occupancies. ❖ Buildings covered with atrium containing group A, E, or M occupancy. ❖ Covered malls exceeding 50,000 sq ft. ❖ Buildings taller than 6 stories/75 ft. Except group R-2 occupancies. ❖ Underground buildings occupied by more than 100 people below ground. ❖ Buildings occupied to provide emergency shelter for more than 15 homeless persons for 30 days - 1 year. ❖ Since 2011 the comprehensive fire safety and emergency action plan (combined) is valid for owners of high rise buildings + mixed occupancies. ❖ 2011 high rise + mixed occupancy building must file comprehensive (combined) fire safety + EAP. ❖ 2014 code specifies format, content, and supporting documentation for the (CFS & EAP level 1) plan. The FLSD must be familiar with the current plan. Made aware of changes in plan. Authorized to implement the plan. Major part of FLSD on-site will be based on the FDNY plan for your building. A copy of the FDNY plan, BIC, and floor plans must be kept at the FCC. Owner Obligations ❖ PREPARE FSP & EAP ❖ DESIGNATE FSP STAFF ❖ ENSURE COOPERATION OF BUILDING OCCUPANTS ❖ PLANED SUBMISSION/ACCEPTANCE/MAINTENANCE ON PREMISE ❖ DRILLS ❖ FLS STAFF TRAINING ❖ RECORDKEEPING ❖ FIRE EMERGENCY REPORTING SIGNS ❖ NEIGHBORING BUILDINGS. ❖ The building owner is responsible for preparation of fire safety and evacuation plan, or comprehensive fire safety and emergency action plan. ❖ Premises owners are required by FDNY to have a FSP, EAP, or combination. Prepare a plan for each occupancy in the building. Submit plan for dept. Review, & have it accepted. Periodically have the plan reviewed/amended. Must follow FDNY instructions. The FLS is also called the BRIGADE. Owner must designate a person to be on the FLS brigade and a person as FLSD. People in the FLS brigade must have required COF. Owner must choose FLSD, deputy FLSD, FLSD building evacuation supervisor, FLS wardens, deputy FLS wardens, FLS brigade members, FLS searchers, and critical operations staff. Staff must have responsibilities of implementing the plan with all authority and duties described within. Fire Safety and Evacuation Plan (FSP/EAP): WHAT DOES THE PLAN CONSIST OF? Owner certification BIC. Complete building address Building owner information Height of building + number of stories above/below grade Lawful use and occupancy Individual floor occupancy holding FCC (location + building comms): You must specify the floor where the FCC is located, its location on the floor, and the building entrance most accessible to the FCC. Indicate area of the building with which the FCC has comms capability: elevator car, fire pump room, mechanical equip. Rooms, elevator control rooms, and individual floors. Include comms equipment installed in accordance with building code and describe if it's one or two way. (Warden vs PA) Signage: Floor number, elevator bank designation sign, floor diagram, stairwell identification. Times of day where the building is occupied, regular business hours, other times that the building will be occupied. FS/EAP FLS designations, duties, responsibilities, and how to be identified during drills and emergencies. Who is the FLSD and deputy FLSD on duty? If they are not on duty then who is the building evacuation supervisor? List the FLS/EAP Wardens List the deputy FLS/EAP warden Who are the FLS/EAP searchers Who are the FLS/EAP Brigade members Who is the critical operation staff? Fire safety and evacuation instructions General statement Implementation of FSP/EAP. Use of elevators Procedure for counting building occupant after TIPS Procedure for identifying occupants that require assistance and the procedure for proving that assistance. EAP for explosions EAP for biological release/incidents EAP for chemical incident/release EAP for nuclear incident/release EAP for natural disaster EAP for other emergencies Consultation with neighboring buildings Building Maintenance program Sprinkler + standpipe Fire alarm systems Emergency power systems Phase I and II elevator operation Smoke control system Commercial cooking equip. Systems Means of egress Welding Decoration Portable fire extinguisher Accumulation of rubbish and combustible waste Floor plans Sprinkler + standpipe diagram BIC Building profile EAP floor staffing chart Group R-1 submit the FSP & EAP to FDNY for acceptance EAP = Offices. FSP = Other buildings. COMBO FSP/EAP plans consist of the following topics: ❖ Cooperation of Building Occupants If a person doesn’t cooperate with the fire drill, they must be reported to their employer. If the employer does nothing, the building owner must notify FDNY. ❖ Plan Submission/acceptance/maintenance on premises Paper copy of FDNY plan for the premises, including floor plan, must be kept at the premise at the FCC. Must be made available for inspection by FDNY. ❖ Drills Drills must be live instruction. ❖ FLS training Live instruction ❖ Recordkeeping Owner must ensure records are kept on premise. ❖ Fire emergency reporting signage Must be posted in the lobby or entrance hall of each building. ❖ Neighboring buildings Owner must consult with neighboring buildings to prepare the FSP & EAP. EAP: Emergency Action Plan must consist of FLOOR PLANS BIC FLOOR POSTINGS BUILDING PROFILE. ❖ Implementing the EAP: FLSD will need information about the emergency from the brigade members and then will decide if the EAP needs to be implemented. ❖ If the EAP is activated, brigade members must begin their duties. ❖ Floor Plans: Submitted to FDNY Kept on premises. ❖ BIC: Kept at FCC 11 x 17 in size, double-sided. Laminated, color-coded plot plan Elevation of building, detailed building info. ❖ Floor Postings: Signs identifying the FLS (Fire Life Staff) must be conspicuously posted on each floor when required by the fire rule. Maintained on the premises. Available for FDNY inspection. ❖ Building Profile: Submitted to FDNY as reference for emergency preparedness and use for FDNY inspection. FLS STAFF/BRIGADE consists of: ❖ FLSD ❖ DEPUTY FLSD ❖ FLS BUILDING EVACUATION SUPERVISOR ❖ FLS DEPUTY WARDEN ❖ FLS DEPUTY WARDENS ❖ FLS BRIGADE MEMBERS ❖ FLS SEARCHERS ❖ CRITICAL OPERATION STAFF (engineers) ❖ Obligation of building occupants and their employers: All building occupants/employers must comply with FLSD and FLS directions upon enacting the FDNY plan. ❖ When the plan is enacted the occupants will be directed to TIPS (Total evacuation, in-building relocation, partial evacuation, shelter-in-place) ❖ You must carry out the plan, no one has a right to stop you. ❖ If the FLSD is absent, the deputy FLSD will have the responsibility and authority to implement the FDNY plan. If the FLSD or Deputy FLSD is not on duty, then the FLS building evacuation supervisor will do it. LEAD FLSD > DEPUTY FLSD > BES. ❖ The owner, FLSD, FLS, and building residents must comply with the orders or EMS/FDNY. ❖ FLS must receive initial training from FLSD. FLSD DUTIES ❖ Be present in building during business hours, within a building that has an occupant load of over 500 people, and more than 100 people above or below street level. ❖ Deputy FLSD must be present if FLSD is not present. ❖ When a building is below the requirement of an FLSD the BES can perform duties of FLSD. ❖ In the event of a fire or emergency, the FLSD must: Report to the FCC, or designated location if FCC is compromised. Implement safety depending on circumstances, in accordance with the FDNY Plan, fire code, and fire rules. Notify arriving personnel of emergency and your response Comply with instructions of EMS. ❖ FLSD must train and supervise the deputies, FLS staff, and brigade, FSD must select qualified building personnel for the brigade. ❖ Must report any emergency to 911 and determination to implement plan. ❖ Make sure you have enough staffers: FLS wardens, temp assignments to have enough staffers. ❖ Select qualified people for your brigade. ❖ The FLSD is responsible for communicating all information and directions to building residents in the event of an emergency. ❖ Must approve the content of the drill educational materials provides to building residents ❖ Ensure required notices are posted on the floors and record keeping is kept. ❖ Review and approve the plan employers have to count building occupants and TIPS. ❖ Notify building owner if anyone neglects to comply with drills/instructions. ❖ Deputy FLSD must hold an FLSD COF. In the absence of the FLSD, deputy FLSD will perform all duties except for training. Must assist lead FSD in performing requirements for the FDNY plan. ❖ FLSD Brigade must perform duties designated by FSD and FDNY plan Must be on duty during business hours. Must be familiar with FDNY plan and trained to perform duties during fire emergency regardless of what brigade they are part of. Incase of a fire or smoke condition the brigade must: Determine location of condition. Direction evacuation of floors. Notify FCC of situation Report to floor below fire and assist with evacuation. Keep contact with FCC. Before entering fire floor, brigade members must verify safety. After evacuation, close doors to prevent spread. Use fire extinguisher to control small fires before FDNY arrival. If the door handle is hot, do not enter the space. You must evacuate the floor of, below, and above. Evacuate other floors when initiated by FSD/FCC. Brigade members must ot allow occupants to use the elevator. Evacuation used via unobstructed stairs. Avoid the staircase FDNY is using. Relocation is usually 3 floors below the fire floor. Is the staircase safe to be used? If staircase is affected by smoke, you need to use the next staircase and notify the FCC. Must keep FCC apprised of the method utilized for evacuation or relocation. Must see that all occupants are notified of fire and following the evac. Instructions. FCC should be informed of brigade member whereabouts. Assist FDNY: One brigade member should stay on floor below fire to direct FDNY, report to FCC, if safe to do so. For a non-fire emergency, report to a determined location, ready to begin duties, immediately communicate with FCC. In the event of an emergency must immediately report to the designated location directed by the FSD or maintained in the FDNY plan. Can be separated into the FSP and EAP brigade. A person MAY be part of both. FSP: Manager, porter, security guard EAP: Chief engineer, director of security, building manager. You must be ready to: implement evac floors, control small fires, coordinate comms with FCC, remain on floor below the fire to provide info to responding firefighters and coordinate assistance to building residents with needs. FLS BES is required only for office buildings with an FSP/EAP. ❖ FLS Warden and deputies are only required in office buildings with an FSP/EAP: One warden for each floor on duty during business hours. Familiarize with the FDNY plan. TIPS procedure. Know the exit and in-building relocation point and routes for the floor. The means of communicating with the FCC and FSD. If there's an emergency on the floor, use the warden phone to notify FCC/FSD. If the emergency isn’t on your floor, connect with FSD through warden phone and wait for instructions. Keep KSD informed of your location and progress in implementing FDNY plan. Confirm status of TIPS. Direct your staff (FLS staff/brigade) to confirm that the floors have been evacuated by visually inspecting it to see that all residents are gone. Are the stairways safe to enter, before occupants are directed to use them? Do not use elevators. Perform duties in FDNY plan as directed by FSD. In the event of a fire/smoke activation of the fire alarm. You must report to the warden phone, when the alarm activates on your floor/above/below. Must call the FCC and inform them of conditions on your floor. Deputy FSD warden works with FLS warden to evacuate floors. Have the deputy FLS warden/FLS search all areas of the floor to ensure evacuation. Must be visual inspection, any remaining occupants must comply. FLS warden must know the evacuation procedure/location. Other floors will be evacuated depending on conditions and directions from the FCC. Tell occupants do not use elevators, unless authorized by FDNY or FLSD. Evacuate by clear stairs. FLS warden must contact FLSD after evacuation to let them know about the FLS location. FLS WARDEN > DEPUTY FLS WARDEN > FLS SEARCHERS > all of them ensure the area is evacuated by visually inspecting area. ❖ FLS Searchers are required in office buildings with a combo FSP/EAP. One male and female FLS search are required for employer of building occupants on a floor. When the deputy warden is absent, the FLS searcher will perform the duties of FLS warden. FLS searchers will assist FLS deputy warden, who assists FLS warden, in evacuating floors. ❖ Critical Operations staff: Only required in an office EAP/FSP. Building personnel/residents designated to remain after the implementation of an FDNY plan. They perform critical tasks before these occupants leave/relocate. Staff chosen for this role depends on their job duties and how important these duties are to overall function of the building. FDNY plan must list these individuals and task they have under emergency conditions. An employer can ask the FSD to make an employee a member of this staff. The employer must provide that the employee can perform a public safety function that can be maintained/carried out in case of an emergency, and document this in writing. ❖ FLS staff training must be training and familiar with required duties in fire prevention for the occupancy. Can be conducted in computer training, w/o live instruction so long as virtual training is interactive and includes an evaluation of their understanding and not conducted in lieu of in-person training for more than ½ of the required training session. Must be trained by the FLSD Training must familiarize them with duties required of the FLS and appropriate measures for fire prevention. Must cover: General FDNY Plan EAP concepts Duties during a fire/non-fire emergency Different roles. ❖ FDNY Plan overview: Location of exists stairways, elevators, alt. Exit routes, Fail safe device. Manual pull station location + how to use. Identify every location in a building, how does it operate? Does it send a signal to central station or does it only ring the building? Only used when you can visually see smoke/fire conditions. Not to be used for an odor. Using the manual pull station without seeing flames or smoke can confuse FDNY as to the location of fire. Smoke travels quickly. Not to be used for shelter-in-place emergency such as active shooter, people may evacuate endangering themselves. Know the primary and secondary relocation area. Where is the assembly area? Where is the in building relocation area? Fire alarm method of communication. How will the alarm be used to notify residents of a fire? FLS should know if it will ring the entire building or floor above/below. FLS should know how residents will be notified: strobe, siren, voice. FLS staff should know how to reach the FCC using the warden phone and report that if all occupants are in the relocation area. If an occupant is not in the relocation area, we must know their last location. Do a head count to ensure everyone is in the relocation area. How to account for occupants after evacuation is complete? During the on-site exam, all FLSD will be required to train one of the following staff members: Brigade, BES, or FLS warden. Building Evacuation Supervisor ❖ When the FLSD is not required to be on duty, and the occupancy drops below 100, BES will take the FLSD duties in case of implementing the FDNY plan. ❖ If FLSD is on duty then the BES will assist. ❖ Be familiar with the FDNY plan ❖ FLSD must train them how to recognize alarm on the FACP. Also how to make announcements and communicate with brigade. ❖ 4 W’s on announcement: What happened? Where did it happen? What form of EAP is used? Why are the actions important? ❖ In case of a fire: Report to FCC Call 911 and report fire/location Gather information from brigade. Stairways for evacuation and one for emergency responders. Has the fair safe door device been released? Are any doors still located? Make announcement to occupants of fire condition + location. Do not have occupants use elevator unless told so by FDNY. Building occupants on affected floor must evacuate/relocate 3 floors below. Use designated staircase + routes of egress. Close doors behind them Monitor progress of fire/smoke by monitoring the FACP and regular communicate with FLS Brigade member. ❖ For a non-fire emergency: Report to FCC Call 911 and tell them emergency + location Father info from brigade members Identity staircase used for first responders. Implement EAP if applicable and notify 911 that it’s being implemented. Make announcement to building occupants, tell them emergency condition and how to use the EAP. FIRE EMERGENCY ❖ Any fire must be reported to 911 ❖ FLSD or FLS must report to 911 the determination to implement the FDNY plan ❖ Tell the occupants what’s happening and the need to enact the FDNY plan. ❖ You must communicate via alarm tone followed by announcement, for both emergencies and drills. ❖ Announcements must be repeated or updated frequently so building occupants know what’s going on. Fire Alarm Systems ❖ A fire alarm system is arranged to monitor and annunciate the status of fire alarm or supervisory initiating devices and issue the proper response to these signals. A fire alarm system is required in any building fire protection service. ❖ Central station is responsible for monitoring and retransmitting the fire alarm system signals. ❖ It is unlawful to transmit 2 more more unnecessary or unwarranted alarms within 3 months. ❖ Manually activated fire alarm uses a pull station ❖ Pull stations must be visible and located by exits. ❖ Once a fire alarm is activated the device must be reset prior to resetting the main fire alarm at the FACP. ❖ The FACP must only be reset at the direction of an FDNY rep. ❖ White stripe across box means signal has been sent to central station. Since 2008 the stripe isn’t required. ❖ Manual pull station may not emit signal to FDNY. You must always make a phone call. Never assume FDNY is on the way, even with blaring alarms. ❖ A key might be required to reset pull station. ❖ Alarm may be turned off by FSD or FDNY. ❖ In most buildings the fire alarm will: Recall elevators. Release fail safe door Shut down HVAC system. ❖ Manual Pull station: Pull handle, return handle to normal position. Key or other method might be required to restart station and reset to normal condition. ❖ Buildings before 2008, considered to be high rises, required a voice comm system in 2 categories: Class-J and class E. J-1 is now Group R-1, hotels. E is now Group-B, office buildings. ❖ Fire alarms must have a primary and secondary source of power. The FLSD must know the power source of the building fire alarm systems. Some systems will activate all alarms in a building, like a daycare. Some systems only activate the floor of/above/below. FSD must know if fire alarm rings entire building or just floor of/above/below. ❖ Communication Systems: Emergency Communication System: System for the protection of life. Indicates the existence of an emergency situation, communicates information necessary to conduct responses + actions. Must have multi-channel capabilities. Must broadcast voice messages by paging zones + all floors without interrupting alarms on the floors. Two ways comms system: Used by building residents, used by emergency response. NYC Building Code: Requires an alert tone and vocal instruction on FDNY evacuation procedure. (Staged or otherwise) In the event of a sprinkler, waterflow, fire detection, or fire alarm box activation. Paging Zone: Exit stairways, each floor refuge areas. Warden Phones: 2 way voice comms system. NFPA 72 rules: Phone must be able to communicate with FACP. Located near exit stairways and the FACP. Group-B High-Rise/large office buildings must have at least one warden phone on each floor accessible to occupants. ❖ Fire Command Center: FCC. Attended or unattended location where the status of monitoring detecting, alarm comms, control systems are displayed and may be manually controlled. It must be in the main entrance floor, near designated fire spot. Or in the lobby. Can be adjacent to the elevator control panel or part of it. It is a communication center supervised by central station, located in the lobby of the building on the entrance floor. Provides a 2 way voice comm to the warden phone on every floor and FCC. Comprised of telephone, microphone, & speaker. Only warden phones can initiate comms to the FCC. ARK System: 2 way voice comm used by firefighters. Auxiliary radio communication. As of Dec. 14, 2014. Installed + maintained in newly constructed high rise buildings. Wireless 2-way building comm system for FDNY use that only receives and transmits FDNY portable frequencies in the building transceiver. Consists of a base connected to a builder antennae system. Radio console in building lobby. ARC system operation, testing, etc. must be done by a B-3 COF. Notify FSDNY if the ARK is OOS. Tag must be placed on the FACP and approved location where ARC is OOS. NFPA standard 72: Details requirements for periodic testing, inspection, and other maintenance of fire alarm systems. Mandatory visual inspection: Control equipment: Fire alarm system UNMONITORED for alarm, supervisory, trouble: Weekly. MONITORED annually. Manual fire alarm box, heat detector, smoke detector: semiannually. In-building fire emergency voice/alarm comms equipment: Semiannually. Daily visual inspection by FSD: FACP, fire alarm devices (fuses, interfaced equipment, lamps, LEDS, primary and secondary power supply) Inspected for abnormal conditions. Detect defective components. Ensure nothing hinders device performance. Testing frequency for common equipment: Control equipment: Fire alarm system not connected to a supervising system: quarterly. Connected: Annually. Fire alarm box/heat detector: Annually Voice alarm system Annually. ❖ FACP: Monitors inputs and controls outputs through various circuits. The primary purpose of the panel is to process received signals from the initiating devices and activate the appropriate signal/device for an emergency. When a fire alarm signal is generated, the FACP activates audible/visual devices connected to the fire alarm (strobes, lights) it sends a signal to FDNY central station and activates control of certain building functions. When the fire alarm is generated it rings the FACP. FACP activates audible/visual devices on fire alarms. Signal sent to central station. Activates control of building function Operator receives signal. Operator retransmits signal to FDNY via dispatch. Operator notifies premise that FDNY is on the way. Must treat fire alarms as a fire/smoke emergency. Alarm signal sent to FDNY must indicate type of alarm received: valve, carbon monoxide, fire, etc. ❖ Supervisory Signals: Indicates system or device being monitored has been compromised or is in an abnormal state. Monitors most important part of the system. Will audibly/visually announce at panel. FLSD should check what part of the system is generated by the signal. If the FSD should cannot find a problem, he must contact a contractor to investigate. Signal is also sent to FDNY. Comes from: Control valves, low pair pressure switch, high/low water, electric fire pump, gravity tank pressure, air pressure in pressure tank. ❖ Trouble Signals: Indicates that the alarm system, transmitter, or communications path is wholly or partially OOS. Ex. battery condition, AC failure, Will annunciate audibly and visually at the FACP to indicate trouble condition. ❖ Central Station Transmitter: Device that receives alar signals from protected premise and retransmits to FDNY through approved central station company. ❖ ACK: Acknowledge button used to acknowledge the signal on the alarm. ❖ Alarm silence: Must let alarm blare until FDNY approves the silence. Silence after evacuation is complete while the source of alarm is being investigated. Never silence or reset alarm until condition is verified by FDNY firefighting personnel. ❖ System reset switch: Switch used to reset the fire alarm system after an alarm condition has been cleared. All initiating devices should return to normal condition after manually reset. After a fire alarm system is reset, the fan usually requires restarting from a separate “fan restart” button. An FCP indicating an alarm signal cannot be reset to normal if the device is still not in a normal state. ❖ Automatic fire alarm system sounds a signal when fire detection device indicates that there is a fire. ❖ Initiating Devices: Automatic fire alarm system: Sounds a signal when a fire detection device alerts of a fire. It can detect smoke and heat. Initiating devices will activate the fire system. During construction, proper measurements need to be taken to not trigger an unwarranted alarm. ❖ Smoke detector: Visible or invisible dust combustion. Detects fires faster than heat detectors. This can sense smoke particles. When a smoke detector alerts for cleaning it must be done in a week. Early fire warning that allows staff to evacuate/relocate before extreme issues. Must be cleaned every 6 months except for analog (intelligent) detectors which need to be cleaned in a week upon receiving a signal that it must be cleaned. Tested for smoke at least once a year. Tested for sensitivity at least once a year except for analog, which should be tested in a week after receiving a signal. Allows FLS + residents to implement proper emergency procedures. Optical detection: Photoelectric Physical detection: Ionization. Multi-sensory: Both. Smoke/Beam/Duct detectors: Detects combustion particles. Will reset after pressing button at FACP, if activating conditions are cleared. Modern smoke detectors may have a built in heat detector. High rise buildings will have many combo sensing technologies built into the smoke detector which may activate other building functions: Elevator recall Duct smoke detector: Prevents smoke from spreading to different area by shutting down the HVAC system. Protects air handling equipment by shutting down fan system if something internal begins burning. Controls some dampers when connected to a smoke control system. Works with smoke dumpsters to redirect airflow instead of shutting down HVAC. Detectors placed in an environmental air ducts or plenums cannot be used as an alternative for open air detectors. Air movement should be shut down in the event of a fire. Fire alarm systems are connected to HVAC system so that a signal from the alarm will cause the system in the area to shut down. ❖ Heat detectors: Device detecting abnormally higher temper, rate of rising. Available in 2 forms: Rate of rise, and fixed temperature. Can only be tested by an authorized fire alarm technician. Rate of rise: Activate the alarm when the room temperature increases at a rapid speed. This is more sensitive than the fixed detectors. The rate of rise heat detector doesn’t need to be replaced. Fixed temperature: Commonly used. Consists of 2 electrical units in a protective unit. Separated by fusible element. When element melts and temp in room reaches a preset level, the contacts touch & set off the alarm. Heat Detectors: Abnormal high temps will trigger. Fixed or ROR (Rate-of-rise): Fixed will not self-restore, ROR will self-restore. When subjected to mechanical damage you must have a UL/FM mechanical guard. ❖ Sprinkler/waterflow initiating devices: Flow of water in a sprinkler system. Waterflow alarm initiating device is used to detect water flow fire sprinkler system and send an alarm. When water ceases, device returns to normal If water begins to flow in the system, the vane/paddle triggers a switch which sends a signal to FACP. Does not turn off water Activation will cause fire alarm to sound, recall elevators, and will send a signal to central station. ❖ Carbon Monoxide Detector: Indicates carbon monoxide concentration at/above alarm threshold. It requires immediate action because it becomes a life safety issue. Signals sent to FACP might be supervisory. Public area carbon detectors will set off fire alarm and send signal to central station. Required in any building that has fossil (gas + oil) fuel burning equipment. ❖ Flammable/Combustible gas detectors Might be connected to the FACP. FSD must know if natural gas detector is connected to FACP or on a separate panel. If connected to the FACP the activation will generate a supervisory signal on the FACP. Central station will notify property manager and FDNY as to the gas leak, as gas is a flammable/fire hazard. This is a non-fire emergency. As FSD you will need to follow FDNY regulations before FDNY arrives. Fire Protection System (When Connected to FACP): ❖ Smoke Dampers: Open + close when required to allow fresh air to stop smoke passage. ❖ Elevator recall: FACP integrated with elevator control to recall elevator cars to a landing floor. Any automatic fire system will initiate Phase I (recall). ❖ Fire Release Door: Any door must be closed to serve as a barrier in the event of a fire. Electromagnetic release device that allows doors to close upon activation of fire alarm system. ❖ Exit Door Release: Unlocked from within. ❖ Stairway fail-safe door release: Automatic initiating device will trigger fail safe door system. Will allow stairway doors to be unlocked from the stair side. ❖ HVAC System shutdown: Some initiating devices will shutdown HVAC unit. Chemistry of Fire ❖ Firematics Fuel: Material that can easily burn. These are combustible sources like paper, wood, trash. Flammable liquids like diesel and gasoline. Flammable gas like propane and natural gas. Oxidizing Agent: Support combustion but does not burn. Common agent being oxygen. Fire can still burn with other agents present such as nitrates and chlorine. Heat Source: Responsible for initial start of fire. Needed for fire to spread and burn. Removes moisture from fuel. Warms surrounding air and preheats fuel path. Ignition can be any flammable material. ❖ What is a fire? Not a substance but a fast acting oxidation process A chemical reaction resulting in the evolution of light and heat at various intensities. ❖ Fire Tetrahedron: Fire triangle that identifies 3 needed components of fire. Fuel: Something to burn. Heat: Enough to burn fuel. Oxidizing agent: Air. Geometric representation of what is required for fire to exist: Fuel, heat, oxidizing agent, chain reaction. Sources of ignition are: Equipment that releases a flame (torches, static electricity, grinding operation), anything that radiates heat (kettle, converters, mufflers) Chain reaction: Exothermic reaction that allows a fire to continue until one more more elements are blocked. Taking away any of these 4 things will cause fire to end. You must keep fuel and ignition separate. Remove the fuel, remove the oxygen, break the heat, use an extinguisher to end exothermic reaction. ❖ Fire Behavior: Manner in which fuel ignites, developes flame, and spreads fire. ❖ Stages of fire: Incipient, growth, fully developed, decay. Incipient: Fuel _ heat + oxygen = chain reaction. Fire extinguisher can out flame. Growth: Flame as source of heat, additional fuel ignites/catches. Convection and radiation catch other surfaces. Fire increases and reaches ceiling. Hot gasses collecting at the ceiling released heat which allows all fuel in the room to reach their ignition point and light up too. Fully Developed: Fire has taken over all/almost all fuel. Temp reached peak, heat damage, oxygen is consumed rapidly. Decay: Consumes available fuel, temp. Decreased fire is less intense. ❖ Heat transfer is a big factor in the ignition, growth, spread, decay and extinction of a fire. Heat flows from hot to cold. ❖ Fire spread through heat transference from flames in different ways: Conduction, convection, radiation. Conduction: Passage of heat through or within a material from direct contact. Ex. Burning wastebasket heating a nearby couch, that ignites the drapes behind. Convection: Flow of fluid or gas from hot areas to cooler areas. The heated air is less dense. Heated air rises, cooler air descends. Radiation: Heat via electromagnetic waves , without objects or gases carrying it along. Radiated heat goes out in all directions until it strikes an object. ❖ Flameover/Rollover: Ignited fire gasses, incompletely burned fuels, rise to the ceiling and spread out horizontally. Smoke appears to begin burning. This calls for immediate exit or ventilation. If nothing is done this can lead to a flashover. ❖ Flashover: Simultaneous ignition of everything in a room. Dangerous stage of fire development. Hot gases rise to ceiling and spread out to walls. Heat radiates down and intensifies until everything reaches fire point. Things burst into flames. Temperatures soar to 1,000 degrees. Even a firefighter in all his gear is unlikely to survive a flashover. Flashover warning: Dense black smoke with tightly packed curls (black fire), dense black smoke that pushes out of a doorway or window opening, smoke that has accumulated as low as a doorknob with fire seen below. ❖ Backdraft: Explosion that occurs when oxygen is introduced into a room full of hot gas. Solid fuels smolder and hot flammable gases accumulate to fill room. Temperature increases and gases expand. Pressure builds, pushing against doors/windows. If an opening is made to submit oxygen, the hot vapor will burst into flame, pressurize gas will explode, and result in a rolling fireball. LAWS ❖ 1968 Building Code: Any building above 75 ft is a high ride. Plans must be submitted to DOB to ensure regulations are being followed. Plans must include how the building will be used, if the floors have different uses. All must be in the plan. Building occupancy and classification is based on the usage of individual space. Certificate of Occupancy: States a building’s use + type of permitted occupancy. New buildings must have a COO, old buildings must have an amended COO, when there is a change in occupants & structure. You cannot legally occupy a building until a COO is granted. DOB will issue final certificate when complete work matches plans for the building alteration. Buildings used for multiple occupancies must be considered a mixed building. Mixed occupancy will comply with a different fire safety regulation depending on the occupancy groups. High rise office buildings/hotels are constructed with non-combustible materials that can last at least 2 hours in a fire. COO will state building construction and fire resistance rating. ❖ Local Law No. 5 of 1973: Group E (office buildings) and existing office buildings with occupant load of 100+ people above or below lobby, or more than 500 people in the facility, must have a FSP/EAP. You must also have an FLSD, FLS Brigade, Deputy FLSD, Building Evacuation Supervisors. ❖ Building Evacuation Supervisor: Usually works night shift when occupancy decreases. ❖ FLS Brigade: Volunteers. Usually present during the day. ❖ Local law 16: J-1 (hotel). Defines high-rise buildings as a structure above 75 ft. Fire protection plan required for all high-rise buildings. Owners must have an emergency power system Smoke control system: Owner should have a mechanical system to exhaust air. Fan equipment connected to the vent. System; that can shut down automatically in case of emergencies. It should exhaust one floor at a time through the roof or approved location. Automatic sprinklers FACP: Fire alarm and comms system. Required for Group C, J-1, and other buildings 100 ft in height. ❖ Local Law No. 41 of 1978: Requires emergency lighting, sprinklers, and fire alarm signals in certain areas of places of assembly. ❖ Local law No. 58 of 1987: First change in access to the built environment for people with disabilities in NYC. Requires designs that allow easy access for people with disabilities. Strobes must be provided in general and public floor areas of all buildings. ❖ Local law No. 26 of 2004: Rule Rule requires the owner of each office building/occupancy is required to have an EAP and FS/EAP director. The owner of a building must be totally prepared to respond to fire and non-fire emergencies. The owner must ensure the development of training and drills as well as procedures for TIPS. The FLSD is authorized to implement the EAP. Compartmentation and smoke alarms do not provide the same level of fire protection as a full system of sprinklers. Therefore sprinklers are required for high-rise buildings. Local law 26 amended building codes and required sprinkler protection for existing office buildings measuring 100 ft or more by July 2019. ❖ Fire Code 2014 and 3 RCNY 113, 2016: Local Law no. 148, 2013: FLSD requirements have changed. ❖ Local Law 58/2009: Requires color coding for standpipe and sprinkler to have their shared riser and other cross connections painted red. Americans with Disabilities Act ❖ Provide responsible accommodation to an individual with a disability. ❖ Elevators are not required in facilities under 3 stories with fewer than 3,000 sq ft. Unless it’s a public space. The FDNY plan must specify procedures for identifying occupants who require assistance, and the procedure for proving assistance. The list of residents must be maintained in the FDNY plan and the plan must state which fire brigade members will be designated to assist such occupants. Evacuation Procedures: ❖ Evacuation/Relocation: 3 floors below present location. ❖ FLS warden must check the condition of the stairs before evacuation. If there is smoke then choose another staircase. ❖ FLS warden must keep FLSD notified of location/evacuation procedure being utilized. ❖ If there's a non-fire emergency, notify FLAS. Notify occupants, initiate proper action. ❖ Emergency not affecting your floor: Communicate with FLSD and wait for instructions. ❖ Keep FLSD apprised of location and progress of EAP. Standpipes ❖ Piping installed in a building that serves to transfer water to (attack) hose located within a building for firefighting purposes. ❖ Required for buildings more than 75ft in height. ❖ Help firefighters deploy attack hose quickly with adequate pressure + volume to out fire. ❖ Network of fixed piping and hose valve connections. ❖ Water supplied through gravity tank, city main, or FDNY connection. ❖ Used to extinguish internal/interior fire ❖ Piping runs horizontally + vertically. ❖ Vertical = Riser. Usually located in staircases or hallways. ❖ Piping system supplies water to every floor in the building. ❖ Wet Standpipe: System always has water in the piping. Most commonly used system. Used in a building with heat so the pipes don’t freeze. Pipe must be insulated if exposed to freezing temp. ❖ Dry Standpipe: Installed outdoors and without heating during cold weather. Can be found in non-heated areas of a building. Supplied by a public water main source. No water in pipes (normal circumstances) Air pressure in pipes Used to prevent water from entering the standpipe system. When the house outlet valve is opened it causes a drop in air pressure in the system. Then the dry pipe valve will allow water to flow in the system. ❖ Control Valve: Installed at the automatic water supply connection. Should be open all the time. Installed in a non-heated building. Air pressure set to 15-20 PSI (pounds sq. inch) If a drop in pressure causes clapper to open it’s called a “trip.” Accelerator/exhauster (quick opening) used to reduce time needed for device clapper. Failure of any quick opening device will increase normal tripping of a dry pipe valve. ❖ Multi-Zone Systems: Standpipe system that is vertically subdivided as required by construction code to limit the max. Operating pressure on the system. Each zone has its own independent auto water supply. Zone limit: 300ft. Zones above 300ft will have a primary and secondary water supply. Each zone has its own FDC. S-14 COF is required. ❖ Combo Standpipe and sprinkler Incorporates water supply for automatic sprinkler with standpipe. Shares same rises with each other. FSD must know water supply and location of each riser used by the standpipe/sprinkler system, FSD must know the location of all control valves for different systems. Standpipe may be supplied from one or a combo of sources: city main, gravity tank, pressure tank. FSD must know what is/are the water supply for building standpipe system. Primary and secondary water sources: City main. Automatic fire pump use with main water when pressure isn’t enough. Gravity tank Pressure tank Manually controlled fire pump with pressure tank. Suction tank FDNY connection supplied by their water source (secondary water source) Most commonly used water supply is the city main (public water) Connection is installed to a reliable public water system The connection to tall buildings may not provide enough water pressure to supply upper floor. In this instance, a fire pump or gravity tank is the main water source. Float ensures standpipe has correct amount of water. Gravity tank has an overflow pipe that drains excess water in tank. This happens if the float does not turn off fill pump. Fill pump is not needed if the water pressure in the city main is able to keep tank full with correct amount. ❖ Gravity Tank: Can provide water without using a pump. Energy for system is available from the height of the gravity tank. Used for water storage. MAde of wood, steel, or concrete. Used as a primary or secondary water supply source. Delivers water to standpipe without pumping equipment. Located at the top of building or tall towers. Water pressure depends on height of tank. Automatic fill pump supply water to most gravity tanks. Fill pumps are low rate pumps. 2 floats control amount of water in tank. 2 float turns on fill pump when water in gravity tank is low. And turns off when desired water level is reached. Exposed to low temperatures. Must be insulated or heated to prevent freezing: Hot water circulated by gravity. Steam discharged directly in tank Steam coils placed in tank Sunlight/heat FSD & S-14 COF can find out by looking at temp on thermometer located near heating device. Tank can be damaged if water freezes inside. Temp must be 40F Ice should not build within tank. It will weaken the structure and cause collapse. Must be full of water all times. Full tank is required so standpipe has adequate water in case of fire. Full tank prevents wooden tank from shrinking and steel tanks from rusting. Gravity tanks used only for standpipes last longer than a multi-use pipe. Which may need to be refilled after. Sediment could be brought into the standpipe if the tank is used for other purposes. This would clog the pipe. Notify borough dispatcher if tank cannot be used. Standpipe system failure due to gravity tank is because there’s not enough water in the tank./ Too much water can damage due to weight of extra water. The tank can collapse. Gravity tank must be monitored so that the tank is working properly. Electrical Supervision devices monitor water temp + level in tank. They send signals to central station regarding the status. Supervisory signal will annunciate at the FACP. High + low alarms since they send audible signals to FSD. ❖ Gravity and Pressure Tanks: Combo used to supply standpipe system. Both ensure proper water is supplied. Pressure tank add extra water pressure to FPS. ❖ Suction Tank: Installed with a pump. Energy for system is provided by a pump. May be installed to augment other water supply system or provide water to the entire system. Suction tank + fire pump. Fire pumps take suction from large above ground suction tanks. May be filled manually or automatically from a public water supply, well, water source, capable of filling tank in 8 hours. If the pump suction tank has an automatic fill, the tank must be sized to hold at least ⅔’s of total water requirement. If automatic fill source cannot supply the remaining space, the suction tank should be increased in size. ❖ FDC: Fire department connection Always installed on system. Connection is used by FDNY to pump water in system. Must always be accessible. Every system must have a check valve. Check valve prevents back flow of the private water supply into the public water supply. Piping between check valve and outside hose coupling on FDC should be empty when FDC is not used. Piping outside wall of a building, with water in the pipe, is in danger of freezing. Freezing can cause pipes to burst or block pipe and prevent FDNY from adding water to pipe from FDC in case of emergency. Ensure piping from lower check valve and outside hose remains empty when not in use. (Piping has automatic ball drip device). Wet standpipe system can pump supplemental water through the FDC into standpipe system. Does not require gate valve. ❖ Dry standpipe: FDC can pump primary water supply into dry standpipe system at the required system demand. FDC must be located on the street side of buildings, visible, recognizable, from street or nearest point of FDC. FDC immediate access must be maintained at all time. No obstruction, fences, posts, bushes, trees, garbage. If there’s a blockage, the block must be DOB and FDC approved. Requires signage + means of emergency operation must be provided. Working space is 36W x 36D x 78H. 36x36x78: provided + maintained in front of, around wall-mounted, free standing FDNY connection. If the connection is on a curbside and comes into contact with a vehicle, vehicle impact protection must be provided. ❖ Automatic Ball Drip: Drips water to empty the piping between check valve and FDC. Water dripping indicates: Water in piping, because a hose was recently connected to FDC for fire/hydrostatic test. Water in piping because the check valve is faulty and allowing water to flow into the piping. ❖ If there was no recent FDC then water dripping from the automatic ball drip means there’s a faulty check valve. ❖ FDC serving standpipe system must: CAPS painted RED: STANDPIPE Letters: 1 inch (25 MM in height). ⅛ inch deep (3.2 mm), case in body or on a non-ferros metal plate secured to connections or mounted on the wall in a visible location. For combo: YELLOW CAPS: COMBO STANDPIPE + SPRINKLER Must know location of fire pump, jockey pump, and activation button for manual fire pump. You must know how to identify these devices. Standpipe valves and handles, dedicated to standpipes, must have certified painting. Should have lettered legend, painting must not cover label Exceptions to this rule are: Attachment, gauge, valve, operable parts of standpipe other than valve handles. Different color coding may be required by FC3406 for facilities storing, handling, and using flammable and combustible liquid. All portions of exposed standpipe must be painted red. Standpipe system used as a combo is required to follow BC905.11 Sprinkler + riser connections also for standpipe must be red. But handles + valves for combo must be yellow. ❖ Color coding: Standpipe handles: RED Combo: YELLOW Sprinkler Valve Handles: GREEN. MP(L): master Plumber licensed. MFSPC: Master Fire Suppression Piping Contractor. Design professionals. COF holders. ❖ Building owner responsibility to ensure standpipe system is maintained in working order. ❖ Once every 5 years the FDC for a standpipe system will be tested: hydrostatic test. ❖ Test is by MFSPC in the presence of FDNY rep and building rep. ❖ Recordkeeping must be maintained for 3 years. ❖ Fire pump: Can be used as a primary water supply source for standpipe system. Draws water from suction/gravity tank, city main, pumps into system when needed. Usually connected to city main, considered to be the most reliable source. Designed to take water from a supply source and discharge water into standpipe system under pressure (total head). Total head: Pressure with which the water is discharged from pump. Measured in PSI. Higher PSI rating of pump, greater pressure with which water can be discharged. Fire pump can be started manually or automatically. Must know fire pump type in premise and inspection requirements. Manually Activated Pump: Used in combo with city main Must be activated manually in case of fire or smoke in building. Found in industrial or manufacturing occupancies that have people on property at all times. Remote buttons are used to activate pump. The buttons start but don’t stop the pump. Fire pump should be in a fire resistant room, or non-combustible material. Pump room should be located as close as possible to FPS. Fire pump, controller, driver must be protected from interruption of service. Temp must be above 40F to prevent freezing water in system. FSD must know location of pump room. Automatic Activated Fire Pump: Can be started automatically by electric controller or engine controller. Controller activates pump when water pressure drops, or water is flowing within FPS. When fire pumps are activated by electric automatic controllers, they must be constantly monitored to ensure electric power supply availability in case of emergency. Supervisory devices are installed on the pumps to alert FSD/central station when there's an electrical failure. Jockey Pump: Designated to automatically or manually operate when there is a slight drop in pressure due to leakage in the system, or a pressure surge. Jockey pump restores the pressure in the FPS to the required level. If a small leak starts in a wet riser piping, the jockey pump begins to compensate for leak. When pressure system drop is greater than the jockey pump capacity, fire pump activates. ❖ Risers: vertical pipe on standpipes + sprinklers that deliver water supply for hose connection + sprinklers on combo and single systems. Most buildings have wet standpipe. Dry risers used for dry standpipes. Where water pressure of a building wouldn’t be enough for fire suppression and in unheated buildings where pipes could freeze. FSD must know location of standpipe riser in building. ❖ Control valves: Valves that control flow to water based FPS. Doesn’t include: Hose valves, inspector test valve, drain, or trim valve for dry pipes. All control valves should be labeled with signs showing what portion of the system they control. ❖ Main Control Valve: Controls flow of water from water supply system/fire pump. Indicating valve: Firefighter can tell if it's opened or closed by looking at it. Manually operated: Should always be opened. Most common type of main water valve is OS&Y valve. (outside stem & yoke valve) Stem raised out above control wheel means valve is opened. Stem flush (in) with valve means valve is closed. (stem flush w/ wheel.) ❖ Standpipe isolation valve: Riser valve. Allow use of standpipe on certain floor without affecting other floors. Just be kept open unless S-13/firefighters need to test it. Or unless there’s an impairment. ❖ Hoses: Piping connected to a hose at certain points in the building. Connections here are controlled by a hose valve. No water can enter hose unless the valve is opened. The hose is usually on a rack. Hose valve must not be opened for testing or maintenance. Inclined hose racks are often used. Racks should be where sun + heat cannot damage hose. Rack has an advantage of allowing hose to drain internally, while having a dry area for firefighters to load/unload. ❖ 2008 Building code: Hose connections must be provided in designated areas: Stairways, each floor level, each side of wall. FSD must know location of hose connection + hose valves. SPRINKLERS ❖ Fire extinguishing system that uses water as the extinguishing agent. ❖ 2008 Building Code requires automatic sprinkler system to Group A and Group R-1 occupancy. ❖ Buildings with 100ft in height are required to install sprinkler systems for the whole building. ❖ 96% of fires extinguished with sprinklers. ❖ Most standard sprinklers sound an alarm when sprinkler head activates. This alarm is also sent to central station. ❖ Central station monitors the entire FPS. ❖ When sprinkler/water system si discharged, central station must notify FDNY. ❖ Automatic Wet Sprinkler: Most common system in a high-rise building. Discharges water when any sprinkler head is affected by the heat. Sprinkler system is designed to extinguish fire. The automatic sprinkler system consists of pipes at/near ceiling in a building. It’s equipped with auto devices that release water on fire (sprinkler heads). Sprinkler head: Closed by disc or cap. Cap held in place by heat sensitive release element. Rise in temp to predetermined level cause sprinkler head to open, water comes in form of spray. Fused: Sprinkler head open. Only sprinkler heads activated by heat will open. If more than one head opens they must overlap and outdo each other. Discharges water to burning area. Reduce heat, flames, smoke, controls fire growth. Downward spray diminishes growth. Automatic dry sprinkler: Attached to a piping system containing air/nitrogen under pressure. Once released (opening of sprinkler head) allows water pressure to open valve (dry pipe system) and water flows into the pipe system and out of sprinkler head. Dry pipes can be installed in piers, garages, warehouses. Air pressure in the pipe is controlled by an air maintenance device. If it malfunctions it will impair the system./ If there’s an air leak and pressure drops, a supervisor signal will appear on the FACP and central station. When sprinkler head is opened by heat from a fire, air pressure is reduced in piping. This causes Clapper (dry pipe valve) to open. Clapper: When Clapper is open, valve is said to have “tripped.” An audible or visible alarm is sent to affected floor, FACP, CS, FDNY. ❖ Preaction Sprinkler: Designated system with risk of water damage, usually caused by damaged sprinklers or broken pipes. Preaction valve prevents water from entering the system. Opens automatically upo heat detection or rise in temp This is tripped before the sprinkler head opens and may operated manually. Their fire detectors react to heat faster than sprinklers heads. Alarm signal is given as soon as the preaction valve is opened. Heat responsive devices trip protection valves: Smoke, gas, hydraulic detector, etc. 3 main devices that trip valve: Devices that operate at a fixed temp. Device designed to operate when room temp increases (rate of rise). Fixed temp: room reaches predetermined level. ❖ Non-Automatic dry sprinkler: All pipes dry. Water is added through FDC. Can be manually operated by water control valve and sprinklers with or without fusible links. Several nonautomatic sprinklers: Perforated, opened fixed, foam. Perforated Pipe System: Single line of pipe drilled at intervals for water discharge usually found in basements and other hard to reach firefighting areas. Opened fixed spray nozzle: Transformer vaults or other hazardous areas. Exterior exposure sprinklers/window sprinklers: Use open sprinkler head to form external water curtain on building walls. Foam system: Protection of special hazard properties. TYPE OF SPRINKLERS: AUTOMATIC WET, AUTOMATIC DRY, NON AUTOMATIC DRY, GARBAGE COMPACTOR, PREACTION, FOAM WATER. ❖ Foam System: Used for flammable or combustible liquid. Can extinguish a flammable or combustible liquid by combining cooling, separating ignition source, suppressing vapor. Can prevent reignition and reflash. Use low-expansion foam, connected to a foam source concentrate and automatic water supply. Used for property protection, can be operated manually/automatically to protect class A and B hazard. Water is activated by detection device inside sprinkler/nozzle. Control valve allows water into pipes, and foam concentrate is injected into water to create the solution that disperses for select time through a sprinkler nozzle. Covers fuel by cutting off oxygen to fire and cooling the fuel due to water content of mixture. May also cover surface of flammable combustible liquid to contain vapor subject to reignition. FSD must know location of major components of foam water system. Water supply for sprinkler: City main Gravity/pressure tank. Pressure tank can supply without a pump. Energy is available through air pressure of tank. It allows forced discharge of water in tank into sprinkler system. Pressure tank may be used as primary or secondary water for sprinkler. Temp must be 40F or above. Heated structure can be above or anywhere in building. ⅔ water + ⅓ air. Air compressor must have automatic control for maintaining air pressure. Must have closed circuit high + low water, and high + low air alarm. Pressure tanks used for primary water should be equipped with 2 highs and a low alarm system. One for pressure. One system monitors high + low water levels. Alarm system automatically monitors the wait to water ratio: 1 air: 2 water. (⅓ air, ⅔ water.) Supervisory (high-low) alarm will tell FACP if pressure is too low. Central Station will see the supervisory signal and notify building owner. Water gauge must be open to examine water level. FDC: Usually provides secondary water source. Supplies water to standpipe. Standpipe supplies water to hose in building. Water then supplied to sprinkler through FDC. Automatic wet sprinkler: FDC pump additional water into the system. Non-automatic pump primary water through FDC to dry sprinkler system. Standpipe and sprinkler system looks like same. Color coded: GREEN (sprinkler), YELLOW (combo), RED (standpipe) ❖ COLOR CODED Auto Sprinkler: Green, “ SPRINKLER,” letters 1 ⅛ inch in body, non-ferros metal plate, secured or mounted on wall in a visible location. Caps used for COMBO must be yellow “ COMBO” Non automatic sprinkler: SILVER. FDC on a sprinkler system protecting only a small portion must have metal sign attached to/above the connection indicating the portion of the structure protected. Must have a check valve, not gate valve. Check valve prevents back flow. Piping between check valve and outside hose coupling should be empty when not used. This pipe is outside the building wall, and if water is in it then the pipe will freeze. This can cause pipes to burst or block and prevent FDC from adding heat to pipe in case of fire. Automatic ball drip prevents freezing in pipe: It drips water to empty the piping between check valve + FDC. ❖ Sprinkler Riser: Vertical portion of system piping that delivers water to hose and sprinklers and combo system, vertical floor to floor. Have a wet system where pipes are always full of water. Dry riser used for dry sprinkler when the water pressure of a building wouldn't be enough for fire suppression and in unheated building where pipes can freeze. FSD must know location of sprinkler rise in building. ❖ Buildup of trash in compactor is a fire hazard. ❖ Gravity tank pressure and fire pumps are water supply sources. ❖ FSD must know all locations of sprinkler heads, control valves, supply lines, compactor rooms. ❖ Sketch of compactor sprinkler system must be posted in the compact room, framed under glass. ❖ Sign indicating location of all control valves must also be kept there. ❖ Sprinkler system control valves must be labeled to show valve purpose. ❖ Indicating valves must be open. ❖ CONTROL VALVES: Main control valve Sprinkler system control valve Zone/section control valve Floor control valve ❖ Curb Valve: Non-indicating gate valve, provided in water distribution on system. Allow sprinkler to be shut off for maintenance. Non-rising stem valve. Operated with special key wrench. Valve box located above valve to keep dirt from valve. Also provides convenient access for valve wrench and valve nut. A complete record needs to be kept for each valve system: Date, location, date installed, direction of opening, # of turns to open, maintenance performed. ❖ PIV: Post indicator valve: Control valve for building located outside wall or attached to an upright post. Building controlled by valve is marked on post. Position of valve - open or closed - shown through opening in post. Sometimes a padlock may need to be opened to release operating wrench or wheel handle. Main water supply for sprinkler may be controlled by OS&Y valve. Found in building wall, on the main rise. A closed valve is an impairment. Sign identifying location of sidewalk box, with sprinkler control valve, must be visibly posted on exterior of building opposite of sidewalk box. Have red letter 1 inch high, white background and say “SPRINKLER SHUT OFF VALVE” + distance from sign. Zone control valve control water supply to zone area or section of building. Different section control valve monitors separate building areas. Some valves are designated to shut off sections of floors, and some for the water supply of many floors. Combined with a flow, tamper switch, pressure gauge, test and drain valve. When repairs are made, the control valves are closed to sections being repaired. ❖ Floor Control Valve: Designed to control water supply for individual floors in a building. When a fire is controlled, the OS&Y valve can be closed to prevent water damage. ❖ Indicating butterfly valve: Found next to floor control valve. Uses yellow tab to indicate the position of valve. Open valve - Indicator is in line with direction of pipe. Perpendicular to pipe = Valve is closing flow. ❖ Sprinkler can cause water damage if not turned off after fire extinguished. ❖ No control valve on system should be closed except by FDNY order. ❖ Keep a sketch of the sprinkler system + control valve position so FDNY does not have a hard time finding the control valve. ❖ FSD must know location of sprinkler system main control valve and indication of control valves. ❖ Sprinkler heads are made of metal. ❖ Screwed into piping at standard intervals. ❖ Levels and links prevent water from leaking. ❖ Spray down + horizontal to out fire. ❖ Pattern will out fire. ❖ Force of water against deflector creates heavy spray directed out + down. ❖ Shape of deflector determines spray + pattern discharged from sprinkler head. ❖ Umbrella shaped pattern. ❖ Concealed Sprinkler: Recessed sprinkler with cover plate. Commonly found in buildings, in ceilings, finished look and protects the sprinkler from accidental contact + activation, When activation temp is achieved the cover plate comes off allowing sprinkler head deflector to drop below ceiling and distribute water. Ensure sprinkler heads are not painted, glued, caulked. Sprinkler spray pattern must not be obstructed by building component or storage. Any storage material must be 18 inches below sprinkler head deflectors. Spare sprinklers (no less than 6) must be kept on premise where temps are not 100F. Must have all rating and type on the facility. 1-300: Must have 6 spare heads. 300-600: Must have 12 spare heads. Over 1,000 - must have 24 spare heads. ❖ Painting Sprinkler Pipe. Sprinkler + valve handle must be painted. (BC903.6) Sprinkler may be identified by lettered legend in ANSL A13.1. Painting must not obscure labeling. Exceptions: Attachment, gauges, valves, operate sprinkler parts besides valve handle. Horizon branch line, different color coding is required by section 3406 for facilities storing, handling, and using flammable/combustible liquid. Cross connections + risers must be red. Handles dedicated to sprinklers are green. Combined system must be red for riser and cross connection. Handles being yellow. ❖ Altered building: Cross connection + riser for stand alone sprinkler, exposed for alteration. Must be red and handles green. ❖ Painting completed before hydrostatic test. ❖ Record keeping maintained for 3 years. ❖ Fire watch: Building must be evacuated or a fire watch maintained when standpipe or fire system is OOS. Continuous patrol of the area affected by OOS to the person assigned there. Watch for hazards Have a means of communicating with FSD. Report fire/smoke to FDNY and notify EPS on site. Trained to use extinguisher, or know where the extinguishers are. Extinguish fires safe to do so/ Maintain a record for48 hours. No other duties. ❖ Fire guard: Initial 4 hours of an unplanned/planned OOS condition, where area is not more than 50,000 sq. ft., impairment coordinator/person trained and designated by owner may perform fire watch duties. On duty FLSD cannot perform fire watch because you must have no other duties. Fire watch must be performed by F01. Patrol once every hour. An f01 COD for 50,000 sw. Ft. Fire watch continues until system is working again. ❖ Removal of service planned: Impairment coordinator must be made aware of any planned removal of service or to allow construction without activating alarms. Impairment coordinator must authorize and supervise the FPS OOS. Notify COF responsible for supervising standpipe + sprinkler, or fire alarm. What is the extent and duration of the OOS condition? Inspect building area involved and discuss risks. Make recommendations to the owner. Notify fdny Notify responsible person designated by owner to allow hot work authorization. Notify central station + insurance company. Tell occupants in affected area if OOS condition time exceeds 30 mins Place a disc at each FDC and tag at every standpipe/sprinkler control valve, and at the FDC, indicating what FPS or part is OOS. Maintain FPDin service until work begins Record OOS info and situation in logbook. Any person becoming aware of an unplanned impairment must notify the owner and impairment coordinator. FDNY must be notified that a standpipe or sprinkler is OOS, either planned or unplanned. ❖ You must notify FDNY if: Sprinkler or FPS will be OOS for more than one floor of a building or: Work cannot be completed and the system is restored to service within 8 hours of the system being offline. Work/repairs will require the fire system to be OOS for more than 8 hours in a 24/HR period. One or more FPS in the area, where one FPS is already OOS, will be OOS at the same time. Reporting requirement: OOS notification must be made by the impairment coordinator. Type of occupancy Owner and/or impairment coordinator name + contact info. Building address Whether FPS is OOS by reason of planned removal (why?) or unplanned. Planned: Date + time the FPS is OOS and the duration of the OOS. Unplanned: Duration of the OOS. ◆ Floor/area of the OOS condition. ◆ Are the other FPS working? ◆ Name + COF holder responsible for supervising the FPS that is OOS. Systems that are OOS must have a tag placed at the FDC, standpipe/sprinkler control valve, and FCC that indicates what part is OOS. Impairment coordinator will authorize placement of system OOS that’s planned to be shut down. Clear visible tag that alerts occupants and FDNY that all parts of the water based fire protection system is OOS. Tag should be weather resistant, visible, 4 x 6/ Tag should state what system is impairment, date + time impairment began and person responsible. ❖ Tag colors: Different colors are for defects. Red: Full or partial impaired owner + FDNY must be notified. It must be repaired immediately. Ex. Air pressure incorrect, control valve is closed or inaccessible, FDC is inaccessible. Orange: Critical deficiency, owner must be notified, must be fixed in 30 days or FDNY must be notified. Ex. Water level is not correct, temp is less than 40F in pump room. Yellow: Non-critical. Owner must be notified, corrected in 30 days or FDNY must be notified. Tank Structure damaged, main control valve is sealed/locked, FDC sign is missing. FLSD is authorized to place a tag over defective component of fire system that is OOS for less than 8 hours. FLSD may take sprinkler system OOS for less than 8 hours if they also have an S-12/13, and place a colored tag on the system. Only MFSPC and MLP can place a tag on a standpipe. Systems OOS, not connected to the FDC, should have a tag at the main control valve and FDNY should be notified immediately. Impairment disc should be placed on the FDC to alert responding fire fighters to abnormal conditions. White or blue disc on affected FDC to notify them of the OOS. Blue = partial White = fully Discs will be removed when issue is resolved. Elevator Operations ❖ Phase I, II, manual/indp. Mode. Elevator with fire service has 3-key option, and a key operated switch in the lobby + elevator car. Configuration is different depending on when elevator was installed. “On/Firemen’s service” position is both a lobby and car panel key position that places the system in fire service. Activates Phase I and recalls elevators. Turning car panel “on” activates Phase II, manual control of the car, (“on” replaces key labeled “fireman service” in old cars.) Lobby switch must be in Phase I for Phase II to work. ❖ Elevator Recall: Turning lobby panel to “on/fireman service” activates Phase I and recalls the elevator. ❖ Turning car panel to “on” activates phase II, manual control of the car. The “on” position replaces the key position labeled, “fireman’s service.” The lobby must be in Phase I to have car in Phase II. ❖ “Off” is both a lobby and car panel position. ❖ “Car panel off” returns elevator cars from phase II to phase I and returns car to lobby for arriving units so long as lobby is in “on” position. ❖ If the lobby switches “off” the elevator will disengage from fire service to regular service. ❖ “Off” replaces “normal” in old versions. ❖ Elevator will not come out of phase II unless car switch is also “off” and lobby is “off.” ❖ Phase I elevator recall requires elevator landing machine room smoke detectors that recall elevator to lobby. ❖ Key switch: 2642 and 1620 key. Turning key “one/fireman service” will activate phaseI and recall elevator to lobby where the doors remain open. ❖ A recall of an elevator bank will only affect the cars in that bank. ❖ To return to normal service: Switch to normal position after alarms are reset. ❖ Key switch must also be “off in car for it to come out of Phase II. ❖ Phase II Elevator Recall: In car operation that allows firefighters to control elevator and go to any floor. Controls located inside car. In this mode, the elevator can only be operated by personnel in the elevator car. Phase II is for emergencies only. To activate: Insert key and turn on/fireman service. Press desired floor + door close. Hold “Door Close” until door is fully closed. Before reaching desired floor click “Call cancel/reset” this will change the selected floor. Press another floor. When car reaches the floor, press “door open” and hold until it’s open. Door will not open unless you press and hold. In the event of a fire you will feel the heat by the door and know not to open the door. You must hold the door open button until doors are fully opened, or it will close. Place key in “hold” position so that the elevator doesn’t go anywhere and no one can operate it. Turn key to “fireman service” to continue phase II operation. Once it’s completed, the first responder will return elevator to lobby. Press “door open” until fully opened. After, turn key to “normal” and the elevator will return to Phase I Once Phase I is removed, elevator will return to normal. ❖ Manual Mode: Used for bonfire emergencies or when transporting large freights or groups of people. No longer responds to other calls. Traffic is routed to other elevators. Lobby buttons are disabled, elevator remains parked on a floor with doors open until a floor is selected and “door close” is held. ❖ FLSD must: Utilize Phase I and II Close door Cancel gloor Open door using built in safety feature Place cab in manual mode ❖ Manually operate mode: Close and moving elevator to chosen floor Communicate with the FCC Acknowledge call from occupants in the elevator Initiate contact with residents in the elevator. ❖ Keys: Citywide standard key, (2642) FDNY key, (1620) gate + barrier, first responder box. All keys must be kept at the FCC/ Only people authorized may possess a key. Elevator contractor, elevator technician, elevator inspector, FLSD, FEP, building owner, dept. Personnel, NYPD, buildings with locked gate _ barrier/limited access. Locksmith. Citywide access keys must provide access to: ket boses, gates +barriers, locked areas, boxes, cabinets. 6 2642 keys must be available for use. Key box: Secure device with a lock that is opened by a 2642 key. It is used when access to a facility is barricaded or locked in the event of a fire or life emergency. The owner must change keys when the lock is utilized. Gate + barrier: gate or similar barrier obstructs FDNY, a lock is installed and must be operable by FDNY. First responder box: Locked box operable by 2642 key, placed in building. Designated area (FCC) that will assist FDNY. ❖ Elevators: 75+ in height must be readily available for use by FDNY at all hours. Must have attendant, except not needed for buildings 75ft - 150ft with elevators having Phase I and Phase II. Phase I must have monthly Phase I recall test. Phase II must have monthly one-floor Phase II test. ❖ Unlawful to store combustible materials in corridor ❖ Door hardware + physical egress components must be maintained in good working order all times. ❖ Security devices must be subject to COV (commissioner of buildings) with the commissioner. ❖ Overcrowding: FDNY might terminate the fathering and order everyone out, or enforce maximum occupancy. ❖ Furnishing: Must not block means of egress. Not placed in hallways or corridors, or elevator lobby. No hangings or drapes on exit doors, to conceal an exit. No mirrors on exit door or adjacent as to confuse someone. ❖ Stairway Doors (1968 code) Less than 100ft: Door locked to stop access to stairs from street floor. Door might be locked on stairway side on each floor above street floor. No fail safe system. (1968 code) Greater than 100ft: Doors locked to prevent access to the stairs at the street floor. Doors may be locked on stair side above floor except 4 stories or less. Doors must have fail safe device. Fail safe system: Activated in any automatic dire detecting device. When elevator is activated. Electronically controlled delivery will allow a stairway door to be opened when device is activated. Will operate when: An automatic fire detection device is activated. ◆ Elevator in phase I or II ◆ Power failure ◆ Manually operated at FCC. If the FCC has a manual release switch the FSD can release the fail safe system. Fail safe must be tested annually. This is done by operating alarm signals. (2008 and 2014 code) Great than 75 ft: All doors must be opened. Activated by automatic fire detection system when elevator is recalled signal received from FCC. Signs ❖ All signs must be at least 7ft above floor level. Exit access should not be less than 100ft listed viewing distance form sign. Sign at elevator landing should be above call button and the top must not be above 6ft from floor level. Other floors, beside main entrance sign, must be posted and maintained at elevator landing. ❖ Floor diagram signs: Must have a floor diagram sign showing location and letter of the stairs on the floor of each elevator bank. Floor # signs must be posted in each stair enclosure on every floor, on the stair side of the food, or on the nearby wall, in an easily seen area. Each staircase and bank of elevator must be identified by an alphabetic letter. Sign with letter for elevator bank must be posted at each elevator landing above elevator sign. Stair reentry must be posted on stair side door at each building floor. Other occupied or not by 500 total people. Sign must be 5ft above floor “No entry” sign must be posted on occupancy side. Every floor with a fail safe reentry locking device “no reentry” must be posted on occupancy side. “No reentry except for fire emergency.” Re-entry: re-entry on this floor. No smoking signs should be posted where smoking is prohibited and where hazardous materials are stored. Place of assembly (POA): COO is required for 75+ members indoors or 200_ members outdoors. Within one year after COO FDNY will inspect and provide permit. ❖ Place of assembly: (AA) is required for premises where 75 or more (200 outdoors) are fathered for any purpose. You cannot occupy a PA unless you have a COO. Subject to annual inspection. ❖ Capacity signs: 12 inches wide, 16 inches high, lettering being red and white background. Letter 1 inch high and 1 ¼ inch numerals. ❖ Fire emergency notice: Must be placed on or next to main entrance rooms in R-1 occupancies. Visual representation of the location to every exit stairwell. Route + number of doors opened to public Location of fire boxes Written description/procedures to be followed in the event of a fire smoke condition or other emergency. Fire rule 505-01: Room # markings which help located units n case of emergencies. HVAC units ❖ 2 kinds: central and package air. Central air: Fans serve multiple floors and system suppliers more than one floor Package air: Each package unit serves only the zone that the unit is located. ❖ 3 sub-systems: Processing equipment, supply of processed air to floor of building, return of air from the floor to be reprocessed. Processing air is done on floors where mechanical room is located. In large buildings, more than one HVAC is needed for large supply of air. There is usually more than one unit supplying a group of floors. This is called HVAC system supply zone. Building HVAC typically controlled by BMS (building management system). It allows a fast response for shutdown. ❖ BMS: Computer based control system installed in buildings that control and monitor the mechanical and electrical equipment sich as ventilation, lighting, power system. In case of fire in smoke duct, the BMS will shutdown HVAC. Duct smoke will alert the FACP. HVAC must be reset from BMS by building engineer. ❖ FSD must know: Location of mechanical equipment room and supply zones. Special HVAC zone in building Central control HVAC zone + location Smoke Control System ❖ Dedicated, non-dedicated, smoke proof enclose, stair pressurization, smokeshaft, smoke compartment. Found in buildings relying on mechanical ventilation. Smoke is the greatest threat to life. Fire can be localized, smoke will travel. Smoke control systems are found in many buildings. ❖ 2 categories of smoke control systems: Dedicated vs non-dedicated. Dedicated: Tested semi-anually. Don’t have any other function, fans are used only for controlling smoke during a fire. Usually found in stairwells and elevator shaft. Non-dedicated: Tested annually. Provide HVAC everyday use, but dedicated to the SCS during fire emergencies. Tested under normal + emergency power. ❖ Smoke enclosure + stairs: Smoke enclosure is a stairwell designed and constructed so that the movement of products and combustion by a fire is limited in the enclosure. ❖ Smoke proof enclosure: Interior exit stairway accessed through open fire tower. Interior exit stairway accessed through ventilated fire tower. Interior exit stairway accessed through mechanically ventilated vestibule. Pressurized interior exit stairway. ❖ Doors in a smoke proof enclosure must be automatic closing by the sound of a smoke detector. ❖ Stair Pressure: Process by which within a stair enclosure to pressurize and prevent smoke from entering that stairway. Fire alarm activation will push fresh air into the stairway to maintain a pressure difference. If stair door is open, the system will maintain flow of air through the open doorway to oppose smoke spread to prevent contamination of stair enclosure. ❖ Smoke control system: Smoke shaft: Common term for ventilation systems in the floor of tall buildings. It is used to maintain good conditions in escape routes in the event of a fire in the building. Buildings fully sprinklered are exempt from smoke shaft requirements. Smoke shafts are a ventilation system designed to extract smoke leaking from floors to protect stairs. Every floor would have a damper connected to the buildings duct work. Smoke compartment. Space inside a building enclosed by smoke barriers. Smoke barriers are equipped if building is over 100 ft in height. Has air conditioning/mechanical vent system that serves more than one floor on which equipment is located. Not fully sprinklered. More than 40 ft above curb level. Must be divided by fire separators. All unsprinklered floor areas must be separated by one-hour fire separations into space or compartments not exceeding 7,500 sq. ft. 75ft + must be fully sprinklered. ❖ Smoke Purge System: To expedite the reentry process into a building, all high rise buildings are required to have a manual smoke purge system. Post fire smoke purge system: Mechanical or natural ventilation system intended to move smoke from the smoke zone to the exterior of the buildings. Required for high rise buildings. For a post fire purge system the panel must include a manual control or override of automatic control for mechanical smoke control systems. Panel must be at FCC. Panel must be able to manually activate post fire smoke purge system. Post fire smoke purge is under the control of FDNY. Record of test and inspection will be maintained for 3 years. Emergency Power Systems ❖ Required in buildings under 75ft that have more than 15,000 sq ft/area of 100,000 sq ft. ❖ NFPA standard: 2 levels of emergency power: (1) Systems must be installed where failure of equipment leads to loss of life/serious injury. Life safety illumination. Fire detection in alarm system. Elevator Fire pumps Public safety communication system Essential ventilation (2) System must be installed where equipment failure is less harmful to life. Typically installed to serve loads. If system stops it can create hazards and hinder fire-fighting operations. HVAC Comms system Vent +smoke system Sewage disposal Lighting Industrial process. ❖ Authority for testing: FLSD, W01, Electrical + special license, engineer license, high-

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