FITT 3 2024 Handouts - Taala PDF

FITT 3 Physical Activities toward Health and Fitness REASONS FOR DANCING To passed the course subject To have fun or entertain others For passion/ provides a release of tension in our body To treat emotionally disturbed people/ To help treat physically handicapped Worship DANCE ➤ It involves...

FITT 3 Physical Activities toward Health and Fitness REASONS FOR DANCING To passed the course subject To have fun or entertain others For passion/ provides a release of tension in our body To treat emotionally disturbed people/ To help treat physically handicapped Worship DANCE ➤ It involves a successive group of bodily movements and steps rhythmically perform and timed to music. ➤ Is an expression of an intensified sense of life, arising from an inner perception that stimulates both mind and body. It is man's natural and primitive means of expression. ➤ The rhythmical movement of the body usually with music 。 to express an idea or emotion to narrate a story 。 to enjoy and take pleasure in the movement itself ➤ The most direct of the arts for it makes use of the human body as its medium 。 it springs from man's love for expressive gestures, release of tension through rhythmic movement ➤ It heightens the pleasure of being at the same time mirrors the life of society. ➤ It involves a successive group of bodily motions and steps rhythmically perform and timed to music. ➤ It is both an art and a form of recreation 。 ART it may tell a story, set a mood, or express an emotion O FORM OF RECREATION it provides fun, relaxation, companionship RHYTHMIC ACTIVITIES These are rhythmic movements using the body as means of expressing a communication. It can either be through fundamental rhythms using locomotor or axial movements or in higher forms of dance. MOVEMENT Defined is a change of position in space. It is governed with mechanical principles that limit the ability of individuals to move effectively and efficiently RHYTHM Is a measured motion or flow, characterized basically by recurrence of elements or features as beats, sounds or accents. MOVEMENT + RHYTHM=DANCE The word "dance" comes from the Greek word "danson” which means to drag, to stretch. Thus, simple analysis of term "sayaw" which easily lead to one, that it must have derived from the word "saya" which means happy. Significance of Dance Education Through dance, students learn teamwork, focus, and improvisational skills. Dance awakens new perceptions in children which help them learn and think in new ways. Dance teaches the importance of movement and fitness in a variety of ways througha variety of disciplines. As well, dancers learn to coordinate muscles to move through proper positions. Dancing is a great activity to pursue at almost any age provided you are in properhealth to handle the rigors of dancing for life. Brief Historical Background of Rhythmic Activities and Dance Art and religion were the most serious concerns of primitive civilizations. Their art concerns were mainly for source of food and how to increase its supply. Although unaware of it, they made use the art of hunting, fishing and other way of life. Religion in this matter, regards their beliefs in the supernatural beings that governs their fate. To express their feelings they create rhythmic movements by stamping, shaking their arms, legs and body. From the earliest moments of known human history, dance accompanied ancientrituals, spiritual gatherings and social events. As a conduit of trance, spiritual force, pleasure,expression, performance and interaction, dance became infused into our nature from the earliest moments of our existence - from the moment when first African tribes coveredthemselves in war-paint to the spreading of music and dance across all four corners of the world. Without a doubt, dancing remains one of the most expressive forms of communications that we know. Dance, the movement of the body in a rhythmic way, usually to music and within a givenspace, for the purpose of expressing an idea or emotion, releasing energy, or simply takingdelight in the movement itself. According to American dancer, dance educator, author, and film and video producer Barbara Mettler…Dance is an activity which can take many forms and fill many differentneeds. It can be recreation, entertainment, education, therapy, and religion. In its purest andmost basic form, dance is an art, the art of body movement.” Introduction to the Basic Concepts of Movement, Movement Space and Rhythm a. What is Movements? Movement as defined is a change of position in space. It is governed with mechanical principles that limit the ability if individuals to move effectively and efficiently. These factors include the variables such as the body built, physical fitness and psychological aspects such as fear, anxiety and self-concept. Factors that affect movement: 1. Psychological Factor Phenomena such as fear, anxiety and others affect the movement either positive or negative. All those may somehow affect the performance of an individual. 2. Physiological Factor Physical Fitness and body built are two main concerns that effect the human movement. Poor muscle development and low fitness level will surely affect the movement. 3. Sociological Factor These refer to the relationship of the performer to the group regarding social conformity and norms. Fundamental Movements and Movement Exploration 1. Locomotor movements Used to move the body from one place to another or to project the body upward as in jumping and hopping. 2. Non-locomotor movements Performed without appreciable movements from place to place or movements of the various parts of the body in fixed base. Basic Divisions of Movements a. Locomotor Movements Movement in-space as one goes from one place to another. Walk - a regular pace of the feet. A simple transfer of the weight from one foot to the other. Run - a fast walk or an increased speed in walking by lifting the foot off the contact floor or ground Hop - with the weight of the body on one foot spring on that foot. Leap - with the weight of the body on one foot, spring on one foot and land on the other foot. Slide - a full contact of the foot on the floor by gliding or a slide. Gallop - a combination of a step (full transfer of weight on one foot) and a cut by the transfer of weight to the other foot. Skip - a combination of a step and a hop on a fast tempo. b. Non-Locomotor or Axial Movement Movement done in a stationary or fixed base Extension - straightening or stretching of a body part from a joint. Flexion – a contraction or shortening of body parts from a joint Percussive - movement of striking, hitting, pulling or pushing. Vibratory - the shaking of body parts or beating movements that produces vibrating. Sustained - a smooth flowing movement contained in a balanced position TYPES OF BODY MOVEMENTS Flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and rotation. b. What is Movement Space? All movements takes place in space. The two kinds of space occupancy are personal space and general space. Personal Space is the maximum space available to a person in a stationary position. This includes the space available to a person in s stationary position. This includes the space that the person can reach by stretching and twisting. General Space is the area which include one or more persons moving in space like: gymnasium, swimming pools, classrooms, ballrooms, plaza and others. ELEMENTS OF SPACE 1. DIRECTION This refers to the movement forward, backward, upward, downward, sideways right and left, circular and combination of all these. 2. LEVEL As the body moves in horizontal plane it creates movement identified as high, medium/middle and low. It may be represented in relative heights while standing, sitting, lying and kneeling. 3. RANGE The maximum reach of an individual or sometimes referred to as personal space of the size of movement. 4. PATHWAYS OR SPACE DESIGNS The line of design created in space as one moves. Example an arm circling (circle design is created) or a line drawn from running to the first base in softball. 5. FOCUS This is referred to as movement in space in relation to an object or a person's attention or direction. DANCE ELEMENTS 1. THEME ✓ The content or the main ingredient of a dance ✓ Tells what a dance is trying to tell or the message of the dance 2. DESIGN The pattern of movement in time and space. Pattern in time refers to the unaccented beats of movements into measures. Pattern in space refers to the path traced by the dancer's feet on the floor (ground) and the levels on which they move. 3. MOVEMENT ✓ The action of dancers as they use their bodies to create organized patterns ✓ Can be divided into steps, gestures of arms and hands, and facial expression ✓ Steps - the sound of a foot making a step. Includes leaps, turns, and runs Gestures - express motions or ideas in sign language (especially of your hands and arms) ✓ Facial expressions - to express feelings through different facial forms 4. TECHNIQUE ✓ Special knowledge or skills in executing movements 5. MUSIC ✓ The auditory background to which a dancer moves. It is something melodic and harmonious usually used as an accompaniment. ✓ Motivates the movement of the dancers and serves as background music that captivates the audience 6. COSTUME AND PROPERTIES ✓ Worn by the dancer that helps reflect the message, customs, beliefs, and setting of the dance. 7. CHOREOGRAPHY ✔Forms and arrangement of a dance. Connected with the steps and movement on how a dance must be performed. 8. SCENERY ✓ The setting or background establishing the place of action of any dance to make more realistic and beautiful. Elements of Dance The elements of dance are essential concepts and terms that help in observing, creating, analyzing, and discussing dance. They provide a framework for understanding and structuring dance movements. Types of Elements of Dance 1. Body This is the “who” in dance—referring to the parts of the body that move and the way they move. Aspects: o Body Parts: Includes arms, legs, torso, head, etc. o Shapes: Straight, curved, angular, twisted forms. o Symmetry and Asymmetry: Balanced or unbalanced body positioning. o Isolation: Moving a single body part independently from others. Examples: Dancers may use sharp, angular arm movements to convey intensity or soft, curved shapes to create a gentle feeling. 2. Action This is the “what” in dance—any movement performed by the dancer. Types of Actions: o Non-locomotor (Axial): Movements done in one place, like bending, stretching, or twisting. o Locomotor: Movements that travel, such as walking, running, leaping, or skipping. Examples: Jumping in one spot versus sliding across the stage creates different movement qualities. 3. Space This is the “where” in dance—how dancers use and move through the surrounding area. Elements of Space: o Level: The height of the movement, whether high, middle, or low. o Direction: Moving forward, backward, diagonally, or sideways. o Pathway: Patterns like straight, curved, or zigzag. o Focus: The direction of the dancer’s gaze or energy (outward or inward). o Size: The scale of movements, either large or small. Examples: Low, grounded movements may create a sense of heaviness, while high, leaping movements feel light. 4. Time This is the “when” of dance—the timing and rhythm of movements. Components of Time: o Tempo: The speed of movement, either fast or slow. o Rhythm: The pattern of beats or counts. o Duration: The length of a movement or sequence. o Syncopation: Emphasis on off-beats. Examples: Fast, staccato rhythms can create excitement, while slow, continuous movements may evoke calm. 5. Energy This is the “how” of dance—movement qualities that bring emotion and dynamics to dance. Qualities of Energy: o Flow: Either free-flowing (continuous) or bound (restricted). o Force: The strength of the movement, from strong to gentle. o Dynamics: Contrast in movement qualities, like sharp versus smooth or heavy versus light. Examples: Sudden, sharp movements might suggest excitement or anger, while sustained, flowing movements may express serenity or calm. These elements work together to shape and convey meaning in dance, enhancing both the performance and the audience’s experience. DANCE FORMS 1. CLASSICAL DANCE Dances with standardized rules and restrictions. It can be religious related dance or for court and royal entertainment. 2. MODERN CONTEMPORARY BALLET Contemporary ballet is a form of dance which incorporates elements of both classical ballet and modern dance. It takes its technique and use of point work from classical ballet, although it permits a greater range of movement that may not adhere to the strict body lines set forth by schools of ballet technique. Many of its concepts come from the ideas and innovations of 20th century modern dance, including floor work, balletic movements and turn-in of the legs. 3. FOLKDANCE A cultural art form handed down from generation to generations. It can communicates the customs, beliefs and rituals occupation of a region or country. Change step Waltz Polka Step, close, step Step, close, step Step, close, step Moderate slow Moderate fast FRANCISCA REYES AQUINO Considered as the "Mother of Philippine Folk Dances" for her untiring efforts in collecting, compiling, and propagating folk dances, and for her outstanding contribution to the advancement of Filipino culture in the field of dance In 1973, President Marcos gave Dr. Reyes Aquino the National Artist for Dance Award. 4. ETHNIC AND TRIBAL DANCE A dance particularly found in a group of people living together in a locality with common beliefs and customs. 5. NATIONAL DANCE Refers to the type of folkdance found most widely done through a specific country. Good examples are Tinikling or Cariñosa from Philippines 6. NATURAL DANCING Refers to the type of dance, which makes use of the basic movement, the locomotor movement and the axial movement 7. CREATIVE DANCE The highest form of dance for the purpose of entertainment 8. SOCIAL AND BALLROOM DANCE Dance set in a social gathering with more formal atmosphere than the simple and informal parties in which the recreational dances are the usual forms. 9. RECREATIONAL DANCE Includes dance mixer, square dancing and round and round and couple dances 10. POPULAR DANCE Highly recognized as a dance form in television and other dance centers like disco houses and social gatherings. Dance Terms in Folk Dance ARMS IN LATERAL POSITION – both arms are at one side, either right or left; at shoulder, chest, or waist. BRUSH – weight on one foot, hit the floor with the ball or heel of the other foot and lift that foot from the floor to any direction. CABECERAS – the couples occupying the width of the hall when dancers are in square formation (head couple) 'CLOCKWISE – like the motion of the hands of the clock, right shoulder is toward the center of an imaginary circle. When facing center, movement toward the left. COUNTERCLOCKWISE – the reverse direction of clockwise, L shoulder toward center. Movements are toward right when facing center of circle. COSTADOS - the couples occupying the length of the hall when dancers are in square formation side parts. 'CROSSED ARMS – partners facing each other or standing side by side join their L hand together and the R hands together; either R over L over R hands. CUT – to displace quickly one foot with the other. 'DO- SI-DO (DOS-A-DOS) – partners advance forward, pass each other's right (or left) side, step cross to the right (or left) move backward without turning around, pass each other left (or right) side to proper places. OUTSIDE FOOT- the foot away from one's partner stand side by side. OUTSIDE HAND- the hand away from one's partner stand side by side. PLACE- a foot in a certain position without putting weight on it; the sole of the foot rests on the floor. PIVOT- to turn the ball, heel, or whole foot, on affixed placed or point. FREE FOOT - the foot not bearing the weight of the body. FREE HAND - the hand not placed anywhere, or not doing anything. HAYON-HAYON – to place one forearm in front and the other at the back of the waist. HOP – a spring from one foot landing on the same foot in place or in any direction. INSIDE FOOT - the foot nearer the partner when partners stand side by side. 'JALEO – partners turn around clockwise (with R elbows almost touching) or counter clockwise (with L elbow touching) using walking or any kind of dance step. JUMP- a spring on foot or both feet landing on booth feet in any direction. KUMINTANG - moving the hand from the wrist either in a clockwise or counter clockwise direction. LEAP- a spring from one foot. Landing on the other foot in any direction. SAROK – crossing the right (or left) foot in front of the left (or right) bend the body slightly forward and cross the hand down in front with the right (or left) hand over the left (or right) SET - a dance formation like a square or unit formation composed of two or more pairs. SLIDE – to glide foot smoothly along the floor. STAMP - to bring the foot forcibly and noisily on the floor. 'POINT - to touch the floor highly with toes of one foot, weight of the body on the other foot. SALOK – swinging the arm downward - upward passing in front of the body as if scooping; the trunk is bent forward following the movement of the arm doing the “salok" SALUDO – partners with the feet together bow to each other, to the audience, opposite dancers, or the neighbors. *STEP – to advance or recede by moving one foot to another resting place with a complete transfer of weight from one foot to the foot. SUPPORTING FOOT - the foot that bears the weight of the body. TAP - to rap slightly with the ball or toe of the free foot keeping weight of the body on the other foot. There is no transfer of wait. WHIRL - to make fast turns by executing small steps in place, to the right, on the left.