Fishman's Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders 6e - 2 Volume Set PDF
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2023
Michael A. Grippi
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Fishman's Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders, 6th Edition, a two-volume set, provides a comprehensive overview of pulmonary and critical care medicine. It covers respiratory biology, cellular and molecular mechanisms, and includes supplementary videos. The book is intended for advanced medical professionals.
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Fishman’s Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders Volume 1 MCGH423-FM_Vol1_pi-xxx.indd 1 16/08/22 9:32 PM NOTICE Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of thi...
Fishman’s Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders Volume 1 MCGH423-FM_Vol1_pi-xxx.indd 1 16/08/22 9:32 PM NOTICE Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs. MCGH423-FM_Vol1_pi-xxx.indd 2 16/08/22 9:32 PM Fishman’s Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders Sixth Edition Volume 1 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Michael A. Grippi, MD Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania EDITORS Danielle E. Antin-Ozerkis, MD Medical Director, Yale Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases Associate Professor of Medicine Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Charles S. Dela Cruz, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Medicine Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Associate Professor of Microbial Pathogenesis Director, Center of Pulmonary Infection Research and Treatment Yale School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Camille Nelson Kotton, MD Associate Professor, Harvard Medical School Clinical Director, Transplant and Immunocompromised Host Infectious Diseases Infectious Diseases Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Allan I. Pack, MBChB, PhD John Miclot Professor of Medicine Division of Sleep Medicine Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Robert M. Kotloff, MD Craig and Elaine Dobbin/Nancy P. Blumenthal Professor of Advanced Lung Disease Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto MCGH423-FM_Vol1_pi-xxx.indd 3 16/08/22 9:32 PM Copyright © 2023 by McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-1-26-047406-0 MHID: 1-26-047406-2 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-1-26-047398-8, MHID: 1-26-047398-8. eBook conversion by codeMantra Version 1.0 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions or for use in corporate training programs. To contact a representative, please visit the Contact Us page at www.mhprofessional.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Grippi, Michael A., editor. Title: Fishman’s pulmonary diseases and disorders / editor-in-chief, Michael A. Grippi ; co-editors, Danielle E. Antin-Ozerkis, Charles S. Dela Cruz, Robert M. Kotloff, Camille N. Kotton, Allan I. Pack Other titles: Pulmonary diseases and disorders Description: Sixth edition. | New York : McGraw-Hill Education, | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “A presentation of pulmonary and critical care medicine with the underlying basic and applied science upon which the clinical material is based. The book includes relevant respiratory biology and underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms, and incorporates of a number of videos designed to complement and, at times, accentuate information contained within the text”– Provided by publisher. Identifiers: LCCN 2021052087 | ISBN 9781260473988 (hardcover ; set ; alk. paper) | ISBN 9781260474060 (ebook) Subjects: MESH: Lung Diseases Classification: LCC RC756 | NLM WF 600 | DDC 616.2/4–dc23/eng/20220510 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021052087 TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill Education’s prior consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms. THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL EDUCATION AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill Education nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill Education has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill Education and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise. DEDICATION DEDICATION This book is dedicated to the many clinicians worldwide who have devoted themselves to caring for those affected by SARS-CoV-19 and to the scientists who developed vaccines and therapeutic modalities directed against the virus. MAG: To my wife, Barbara, and to our daughters, Kristen and Amy, for their steadfast support over the years, and to their families—Emily, Ali, Sawyer, Sophie, Levi, and Kieran. DAO: To my husband, Eric, and our daughters, Orly and Daya. If you are going to spend a pandemic with anyone, you might as well laugh a lot. And to my patients, from whom I learn every day. CDC: I would like to thank my family, friends, and all the mentors in pulmonary and critical care medicine who helped support me throughout my career. I would also like to thank my patients, from whom I have learned so much and who have been the motivation for my current work. RMK: To my wife, Debbie, and my sons, Eric, Brian, and Ethan, for their unwavering love and support. And to the memory of my parents, Jean and Leon Kotloff, for instilling in me the principles by which I live my life and practice my profession. CNK: Thanks to my husband, Darrell Kotton, and to our wonderful sons, David and Benjamin, for their thoughtfulness and support, especially as we navigated our family through the peaks of the COVID-19 pandemic. And thanks to my patients over the years, who have taught me so much about medicine, but also about resilience, optimism, and hope. AIP: To my very supportive wife, Frances; my long-collaborating Administrative Assistant, Daniel Barrett; my four children, Alison, Angela, Andrew, and Allan Junior; and our 11 grandchildren. v MCGH423-FM_Vol1_pi-xxx.indd 5 16/08/22 9:32 PM This page intentionally left blank MCGH423-FM_Vol1_pi-xxx.indd 6 16/08/22 9:32 PM Contributors.......................................... xiii Preface.............................................. xxix 15 Blood Gas Transport............................... 224 Adrian Shifren / Robert A. Klocke CHAPTER CONTENTS 000 CONTENTS 16 Diffusion, Chemical Reactions, and Diffusing Capacity.... 229 Robert A. Klocke / Adrian Shifren VOLUME 1 PART 1: Perspectives 1 Milestones in the History of Pulmonary Medicine......... 2 Michael A. Grippi 17 Acid–Base Balance................................. 236 Stanley Goldfarb 18 Aging of the Respiratory System...................... 248 Edward J. Campbell / Corrine R. Kliment SECTION 3 Lung Immunology 19 Innate and Adaptive Immunity in the Lung............. 262 PART 2: Scientific Basis of Lung Function in Health and Disease SECTION 1 Genetic, Cellular, and Structural Basis of Normal Lung Function 2 Functional Design of the Human Lung for Gas Exchange.... 22 Clemente J. Britto / Charles S. Dela Cruz 20 Macrophages and Lymphocytes in the Lung............ 277 Katrina E. Traber / Joseph P. Mizgerd / David M. Center 21 Mast Cells and Eosinophils.......................... 290 Edward S. Schulman / Peter H.S. Sporn / Amali E. Samarasinghe 22 Antibody-Mediated Lung Defenses and Humoral Immunodeficiency................................ 313 Homer L. Twigg III Matthias Ochs 3 The Respiratory Muscles............................. 65 Ghislaine Gayan-Ramirez / Daniel Langer / Marc Decramer 4 Molecular Regulation of Lung Development............. 76 Wellington V. Cardoso / Ying Yang / Jining Lu 5 Pulmonary Surfactant and Disorders of Surfactant Homeostasis............................. 90 Jeffrey A. Whitsett / James P. Bridges / Timothy E. Weaver 6 Mucociliary Clearance.............................. 101 Thomas W. Ferkol / John D. Dickinson / Burton F. Dickey 7 The Genetic Basis of Respiratory Disorders............. 118 Micheala A. Aldred 8 Stem Cells and Respiratory Disease: Prospects for the Future............................ 135 Konstantinos-Dionysios Alysandratos / Michael J. Herriges / Darrell N. Kotton 9 Personalized Pulmonary Medicine.................... 145 Benjamin A. Raby / Kelan G. Tantisira SECTION 2 Physiological Principles of Normal Lung Function 10 Pulmonary Mechanics.............................. 161 Allan I. Pack / Michael A. Grippi 11 Control of Ventilation.............................. 173 Frank J. Jacono / Atul Malhotra 12 Sleep and Circadian Rhythms........................ 183 Allan I. Pack 13 The Pulmonary Circulation.......................... 193 Robert Naeije 14 Ventilation, Pulmonary Blood Flow, and Ventilation–Perfusion Relationships................... 211 Peter D. Wagner SECTION 4 Lung Injury and Repair 23 T Cell Responses in the Lung......................... 329 Lauren Cohn 24 Chemokines, Adipokines, and Growth Factors in the Lung................................ 339 Marcus W. Butler / Paul McLoughlin / Michael P. Keane 25 Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress in Lung Diseases.... 356 Jessy Deshane / Victor J. Thannickal 26 Fibroblasts in Lung Homeostasis and Disease........... 376 Yong Zhou / Victor J. Thannickal PART 3: Symptoms and Signs of Respiratory Disease SECTION 5 Clinical Approach to the Patient 27 Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Symptoms..... 394 Michael A. Grippi / Jeffrey P. Callen SECTION 6 Diagnostic Procedures 28 Modern Approach to Thoracic Imaging Diagnosis........ 433 Eduardo J. Mortani Barbosa Jr. / Leonid Roshkovan 29 Thoracic Ultrasonography........................... 501 Andrew Weber / Fiore Mastroianni / Paul H. Mayo 30 Physiologic and Metabolic Assessment of Pulmonary Disorders Using Conventional Imaging Techniques and Positron Emission Tomography......... 511 Ghassan El-Haddad / Søren Hess / Abass Alavi 31 Pulmonary Function Testing......................... 544 Michael A. Grippi / Gregory Tino vii MCGH423-FM_Vol1_pi-xxx.indd 7 16/08/22 9:32 PM CONTENTS PART 00 32 Principles and Application of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing................................... 579 Marco Guazzi / Alice Moroni 33 Diagnostic Bronchoscopy, Transthoracic Needle Biopsy, and Related Procedures................ 597 David M. DiBardino / Daniel H. Sterman / Anil Vachani 34 Interventional Pulmonology......................... 620 Daniel G. Dunlap / Andrew R. Haas / Daniel H. Sterman 35 Diagnostic Thoracic Surgical Procedures: Thoracoscopy, VATS, RATS, and Thoracotomy............ 632 Robert E. Merritt 36 Evaluation of Respiratory Impairment and Disability..................................... 636 Lisa Ruvuna / Akshay Sood 50 Bullous Lung Disease............................... 849 Fernando J. Martinez 51 Bronchiectasis.................................... 862 Gregory Tino PART 5: Interstitial and Inflammatory Lung Diseases 52 Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach..................... 872 Aditi Mathur / Danielle E. Antin-Ozerkis 53 Systemic Sarcoidosis............................... 891 Edward S. Chen 54 Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis....................... 915 PART 4: Obstructive Lung Diseases SECTION 7 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Tanzira Zaman / Giuliana Cerro Chiang / Paul W. Noble 55 Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias Other Than Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.............. 932 Kelly M. Hager / Ami Rubinowitz / Mridu Gulati 56 Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis........................ 956 Prerna Mota / Richard I. Enelow 37 Pathology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Diagnostic Features and Differential Diagnosis.......... 650 57 Radiation Pneumonitis............................. 966 38 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Pathogenesis...................... 664 58 Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases................................. 987 39 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency................ 683 59 Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis.............. 1006 Joanne L. Wright / Andrew Churg Takudzwa Mkorombindo / Mark T. Dransfield Darrell N. Kotton / Andrew A. Wilson 40 Course and Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease................................ 693 M. Bradley Drummond / Robert A. Wise James H. Laird / Kenneth B. Roberts / Roy H. Decker / Henry S. Park Kevin P. Toole / Gregory P. Cosgrove Sergio Harari / Davide Elia / Joel Moss / Abdellatif Tazi 60 Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis................. 1015 Arnold S. Kristof / Joel Moss 61 Diffuse Cystic Lung Diseases........................ 1030 Nishant Gupta / Tami J. Bang / Kathryn A. Wikenheiser-Brokamp 41 Cigarette Smoking, Smoking Cessation, and Electronic Cigarettes....................................... 708 62 Benign Metastasizing Leiomyoma................... 1054 42 Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Other Respiratory Disorders.............................. 725 63 Depositional Lung Disorders: Amyloidosis, Pulmonary Calcification, and Pulmonary Ossification........................ 1065 Stephen R. Baldassarri / Stephen I. Rennard Andrew L. Ries / Duc M. Ha SECTION 8 Asthma 43 The Biology of Asthma............................. 734 Geoffrey L. Chupp / Matthew C. Bell / William W. Busse 44 The Epidemiology of Asthma........................ 750 Kathleen A. Lee-Sarwar / Scott T. Weiss / Augusto A. Litonjua 45 Asthma: Clinical Presentation and Management......... 767 Omar S. Usmani / Peter J. Barnes 46 Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (Mycosis) and Severe Asthma with Fungal Sensitivity............. 785 Geoffrey L. Chupp SECTION 9 Robert J. Homer / Christopher Gange / Natalia Neparidze PART 6: Drug-Induced Lung Diseases 64 Pulmonary Toxicity Related to Systemic Treatments for Cancer..................... 1074 Jennifer D. Possick / Erin DeBiasi / Lynn T. Tanoue 65 Drug-induced Pulmonary Disease Due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents...................... 1100 Hilary C. Cain 66 Lung Injury Associated with Recreational Drug Use...... 1119 Timothy E. Albertson / Patrick Mangialardi / James A. Chenoweth / Susan Murin Other Obstructive Disorders 47 Upper Airway Obstruction in Adults................... 794 Erin DeBiasi / Christine Won / Meir Kryger 48 Cystic Fibrosis.................................... 815 Judith A. Voynow / Andrea Kelly / Flora K. Szabo / Thomas F. Scanlin 49 Bronchiolitis...................................... 842 Gary R. Epler Gustavo Pacheco-Rodriguez / Olga I. Astapova / Stephen R. Hammes / Joel Moss PART 7: Other Infiltrative and Airspace Disorders 67 The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism.............................. 1136 Timothy Craig Allen viii MCGH423-FM_Vol1_pi-xxx.indd 8 16/08/22 9:32 PM 68 Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes.................... 1144 69 Aspiration-Related Pulmonary Disorders.............. 1164 Paul E. Marik 70 Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis Syndrome............ 1175 Bruce C. Trapnell / Cormac McCarthy / Brenna Carey 71 Eosinophilic Lung Diseases......................... 1186 Lauren Cohn / Carolyn L. Rochester / Brian J. Clark 72 Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.................... 1211 Nick H. Kim / Jess Mandel / Kimberly A. Smith / Jason X.-J. Yuan PART 12: Occupational and Environmental Disorders SECTION 10 CONTENTS Joseph P. Lynch, III / Michael C. Fishbein / Tisha S. Wang Occupational Disorders 85 Asbestos-Related Lung Disease..................... 1488 William N. Rom / Jun-Chieh J. Tsay 86 Chronic Beryllium Disease and Hard-Metal Lung Diseases................................... 1502 Shweta Sood / Mary Elizabeth Kreider 87 Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis.............. 1513 PART 8: Disorders of the Pulmonary Circulation 73 Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease................. 1258 Timothy M. Fernandes / Peter F. Fedullo 74 Pulmonary Vasculitis.............................. 1287 Rodrigo Cartin-Ceba / Ulrich Specks 75 Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations............. 1306 Tyler J. Peck / Josanna M. Rodriguez-Lopez Robert C. Stansbury / Rahul G. Sangani / John E. Parker 88 Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis.............................. 1532 Shu-Yi Liao / David C. Christiani SECTION 11 Environmental Disorders 89 Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution.................... 1539 Coralynn Sack / Joel D. Kaufman 90 Acute and Chronic Responses to Toxic Inhalations....... 1559 Austin J. Jolly / David A. Schwartz PART 9: Disorders of the Pleural Space 91 High-Altitude Physiology and Clinical Disorders........ 1581 76 Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions..................... 1320 92 Diving Physiology and Dysbarism.................... 1593 Christopher M. Kapp / David Feller-Kopman 77 Malignant Pleural Effusions........................ 1339 Jeffrey C. Thompson / Kevin C. Ma 78 Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors............................ 1351 Daniel H. Sterman / Edmund K. Moon / Keshav Mangalick / Leslie A. Litzky 79 Pneumothorax................................... 1375 Rodolfo A. Estrada / Jay I. Peters / Nilam J. Soni / Philip G. Ong VOLUME 2 Kingman P. Strohl / Cynthia M. Beall / Nikolaus C. Netzer Christopher E. Winstead-Derlega / Richard E. Moon 93 Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation....... 1603 Perenlei Enkhbaatar PART 13: Pulmonary Complications of Nonpulmonary Disorders 94 Noninfectious Pulmonary Complications of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Solid Organ Transplantation............................ 1620 Hemang Yadav / Steve G. Peters / Robert M. Kotloff 95 Pulmonary Complications of Sickle Cell Disease........ 1644 Roberto F. Machado / Mark T. Gladwin PART 10: Diseases of the Mediastinum 80 Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum.......... 1398 Luis F. Tapias / Cameron D. Wright 81 Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies............... 1412 96 Pulmonary Disorders and Pregnancy................. 1663 Debasree Banerjee / Andrew T. Levinson / Jeffrey Mazer / Ghada Bourjeily 97 Pulmonary Complications of Intra-abdominal Disease......................................... 1685 Hilary M. DuBrock / Sonja D. Bartolome Erik E. Lewis / Daniel P. McCarthy / Malcolm M. DeCamp 82 Primary Benign and Malignant Neoplasms of the Mediastinum.................................... 1423 Natalie S. Lui / Joseph B. Shrager PART 14: Sleep and Sleep Disorders 98 Sleep Apnea Syndromes: Central and Obstructive....... 1700 Grace W. Pien / Ilene M. Rosen / Barry G. Fields PART 11: Disorders of the Chest Wall, Diaphragm, and Spine 83 Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall.............. 1440 George E. Tzelepis / F. Dennis McCool 84 Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation...................................... 1459 Gerard Joseph Criner / Nathaniel Marchetti 99 Sleep-related Hypoventilation Syndromes............. 1751 Jorge I. Mora / Richard J. Schwab 100 Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System During Sleep.................................... 1765 Indira Gurubhagavatula / Susheel P. Patil 101 Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness.................................... 1773 Sritika Thapa / Mithu Sen / Meir Kryger ix MCGH423-FM_Vol1_pi-xxx.indd 9 16/08/22 9:32 PM CONTENTS PART 15: Surgical Aspects of Pulmonary Medicine 102 Perioperative Respiratory Considerations in the Surgical Patient.................................. 1786 Horace M. DeLisser / Michael A. Grippi 121 The Lung Microbiome............................. 2088 John E. McGinniss / Joshua M. Diamond 122 Approach to Pulmonary Infection in the Immunocompetent Host...................... 2099 Megan Rose Curtis / Tulip Ajit Jhaveri / Camille Nelson Kotton 103 Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient........ 1801 123 Approach to Pulmonary Infection in the Immunocompromised Host........................ 2127 104 Thoracic Trauma................................. 1816 124 Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections..... 2154 105 Developmental Disorders of the Lung................ 1824 125 Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia............................ 2161 Robert M. Kotloff Seth A. Bellister / Bradley M. Dennis Himanshu Deshwal / Subha Ghosh 106 Lung Transplantation............................. 1843 Matthew B. Roberts / Camille Nelson Kotton Carl D. Britto / Gregory P. Priebe / Gerald B. Pier Girish B. Nair / Michael S. Niederman Ramsey R. Hachem SECTION 13 Common Syndromes in Pulmonary Infectious Diseases PART 16: Cancer and Other Malignancies of the Lungs 126 Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract....... 2181 107 Genetic and Molecular Changes in Lung Cancer: Prospects for a Personalized Pharmacologic Approach to Treatment............................ 1864 127 Aspiration, Empyema, Lung Abscesses, and Anaerobic Infections....................................... 2203 108 Epidemiology of Lung Cancer....................... 1882 128 Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia..................................... 2223 Howard Y. Li / Jeffrey A. Kern Lynn T. Tanoue / Charles S. Dela Cruz 109 Lung Cancer Screening............................ 1904 Humberto K. Choi / Peter J. Mazzone 110 Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Nodules....... 1911 John Treanor Kyle B. Enfield / Costi D. Sifri James M. Walter / Richard G. Wunderink 129 Nosocomial Pneumonia, Including Ventilator-associated Pneumonia..................................... 2243 Andrew T. Roth / Marin H. Kollef Moiz Salahuddin / David E. Ost 111 The Pathology of Bronchogenic Carcinoma............ 1929 Leslie A. Litzky 112 Clinical Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Staging of Lung Cancer............................ 1950 A. Cole Burks / M. Patricia Rivera 113 Treatment of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Surgery..... 1964 John K. Waters / Scott I. Reznik 114 Treatment of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy................. 1977 Laurie L. Carr 115 Treatment of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy................................ 1992 Joseph A. Miccio / Mitchell Machtay 116 Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History..................... 2002 Jonathan E. Dowell / Benjamin J. Drapkin / David E. Gerber / David H. Johnson SECTION 14 Major Pathogens in Pulmonary Infections 130 Tuberculosis..................................... 2256 Akash Gupta / Karen R. Jacobson 131 Pulmonary Diseases Due to Nontuberculous Mycobacteria...................... 2278 John S. Albin / Rocio M. Hurtado 132 Aspergillus, Candida, and Other Opportunistic Pulmonary Mycoses................... 2290 Georgios Chamilos / Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis 133 Cryptococcosis and the Endemic Mycoses: Histoplasma, Blastomyces, and Coccidioides....................... 2319 Marwan M. Azar / Nathan C. Bahr / Joshua Malo / Chadi A. Hage 134 Pneumocystis Pneumonia.......................... 2353 Eliezer Zachary Nussbaum / Marwan M. Azar 135 Protozoan Infections of the Thorax................... 2375 Louise C. Ivers / Edward T. Ryan 117 Uncommon Tumors of the Lung..................... 2022 136 Helminthic Diseases of the Lung..................... 2388 118 Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors....................... 2031 137 Nocardiosis and Actinomycosis...................... 2401 119 Lymphoproliferative Diseases Involving the Lung....... 2045 138 Zoonotic and Environmental Bacterial Pneumonias..... 2421 Karen Rodriguez / Gerald F. Abbott Nicholas J. Pastis / Nichole T. Tanner / Gerard A. Silvestri Venerino Poletti / Sara Piciucchi / Silvia Asioli PART 17: Infectious Diseases of the Lungs SECTION 12 General Concepts Ricardo M. La Hoz / James B. Cutrell Daniel N. Maxwell / Reuben J. Arasaratnam / Alejandro Restrepo / Tara M. Babu Camille Nelson Kotton / Howard M. Heller PART 18: Respiratory Failure 139 Respiratory Failure: An Overview.................... 2436 Michael A. Grippi 120 Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents............. 2070 Theodore J. Standiford / Gary B. Huffnagle x MCGH423-FM_Vol1_pi-xxx.indd 10 16/08/22 9:32 PM SECTION 15 Lung Failure Asha N. Chesnutt / Michael A. Matthay 141 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcomes....................... 2459 John P. Reilly / Jason D. Christie Martin J. Tobin CONTENTS 140 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Pathogenesis..... 2447 147 Principles of Mechanical Ventilation.................. 2573 148 Principles of Noninvasive Pressure-targeted Ventilation....................... 2588 Bernardo Selim / Janet Hilbert / Henry K. Yaggi 149 Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) in Acute Respiratory Failure........................ 2610 Asad Ali Usman / Jacob Gutsche SECTION 16 Respiratory Pump Failure 142 Chronic Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure: Pathogenesis and Management................................ 2488 Jennifer J. Dorsch / Jorge I. Mora SECTION 17 Management and Therapeutic Interventions 143 Oxygen Therapy and Toxicity....................... 2507 Matthew Wemple / Erik R. Swenson 144 Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy....................... 2523 Karen J. Tietze / Scott Manaker 145 Intubation and Upper Airway Management............ 2543 Joshua H. Atkins / Christopher H. Rassekh 146 Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure............................... 2559 Hari M. Shankar / Brian J. Anderson 150 Nutrition in Pulmonary Disease..................... 2634 Tachira Tavarez / David S. Seres 151 Diagnosis and Treatment of Pain, Agitation, and Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit................... 2643 Niall T. Prendergast / Timothy D. Girard / Nathan E. Brummel 152 Ethics and Palliative Care in Critical Care Units.......... 2659 Joshua B. Kayser / Horace M. DeLisser APPENDIXES Appendix A Terms and Symbols in Respiratory Physiology..... A-2 Appendix B Normal Values for a Healthy 20-Year Old Seated Man A-5 Index................................................ I-1 xi MCGH423-FM_Vol1_pi-xxx.indd 11 16/08/22 9:32 PM This page intentionally left blank MCGH423-FM_Vol1_pi-xxx.indd 12 16/08/22 9:32 PM Gerald F. Abbott, MD, FACR Danielle E. Antin-Ozerkis, MD Abass Alavi, MD, PhD (hon.), DSci (hon.) Reuben J. Arasaratnam, MD, MPH Department of Radiology Division of Thoracic Imaging & Intervention Massachusetts General Hospital Associate Professor, Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 117 Professor of Radiology and Neurology Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Pennsylvania University Hospital Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 30 Timothy E. Albertson, MD, MPH, PhD Chair, Internal Medicine, Distinguished Professor of Medicine Pharmacology & Toxicology, Anesthesia & Emergency Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of California Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento Veterans Administration Northern California Health Care System, Department of Medicine Mather, California Chapter 66 John S. Albin, MD, PhD Instructor, Harvard Medical School Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 131 Micheala A. Aldred, PhD Professor of Medicine Catherine and Lowe Berger and Pauline L. Ford Chair of Pulmonary Medicine Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Occupational Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indiana Chapter 7 Timothy Craig Allen, MD, JD, FCAP Professor and Chair Department of Pathology The University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson, Mississippi Chapter 67 Konstantinos-Dionysios Alysandratos, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Medicine The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Attending Physician Department of Medicine Boston Medical Center Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 8 Brian J. Anderson, MD, MSCE Assistant Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 146 Medical Director, Yale Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases Associate Professor of Medicine Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Chapter 52 CONTRIBUTORS CHAPTER 000 CONTRIBUTORS Staff Physician, Section of Infectious Diseases VA North Texas Health Care System Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Texas Chapter 137 Silvia Asioli, MD Team Leader of Haematopathology and Consultant Department of Anatomic Pathology Ospedale GB Morgagni Forlì, Italy Chapter 119 Olga I. Astapova, MD, PhD Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology University of Rochester Medical Center University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, New York Chapter 62 Joshua H. Atkins, MD, PhD, FASA Associate Professor of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Attending Physician, Co-Chair Airway Safety Committee Director of Anesthesia for Head and Neck Surgery Medical Director In-situ Simulation Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 145 Marwan M. Azar, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine/Infectious Diseases Section of Infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of Medicine Department of Laboratory Medicine Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Chapter 134 Tara M. Babu, MD, MSCI Acting Assistant Professor Department of Medicine Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases University of Washington Seattle, Washington State Chapter 137 Nathan C. Bahr, MD Associate Professor Department of Internal Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City, Kansas Chapter 133 xiii MCGH423-FM_Vol1_pi-xxx.indd 13 16/08/22 9:32 PM CONTRIBUTORS PART 00 Stephen R. Baldassarri, MD, MHS Carl D. Britto, MBBS, DPhil Debasree Banerjee, MD, MS Clemente J. Britto, MD Department of Internal Medicine Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Chapter 41 Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Brown University Director, Critical Care Consult, Rhode Island Hospital Providence, Rhode Island Chapter 96 Tami J. Bang, MD Assistant Professor Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging University of Colorado—Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, Colorado Chapter 61 Eduardo J. Mortani Barbosa Jr., MD Assistant Professor of Radiology Director of Thoracic CT modality Department of Radiology Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 28 Peter J. Barnes, DM, DSc, FRCP, FCCP, FMedSci, FRS Professor of Thoracic Medicine National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London London, United Kingdom Chapter 45 Sonja D. Bartolome, MD Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Texas Chapter 97 Cynthia M. Beall, PhD Professor, Anthropology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio Chapter 91 Matthew C. Bell, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics Division of Allergy & Immunology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Arkansas Children’s Hospital Little Rock, Arkansas Chapter 43 Seth A. Bellister, MD Department of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Christus Mother Frances Hospital Tyler, Texas Chapter 104 Ghada Bourjeily, MD Professor of Medicine Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Associate Chief for Academic Advancement and Research in Women’s Services Women’s Medicine Collaborative of Lifespan Department of Medicine The Miriam Hospital Providence, Rhode Island Chapter 96 James P. Bridges, PhD Associate Professor Department of Medicine National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado Chapter 5 Clinical Fellow in Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School Resident in Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics Boston Children’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 124 Assistant Professor of Medicine Associate Director, Yale Adult Cystic Fibrosis Program Department of Internal Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Chapter 19 Nathan E. Brummel, MD, MSCI, FCCM Associate Professor of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio Chapter 151 A. Cole Burks, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Interventional Pulmonology, University of North Carolina Medical Center Chapel Hill, North Carolina Chapter 112 William W. Busse, MD Emeritus Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Wisconsin Chapter 43 Marcus W. Butler, MD, FRCPI Associate Professor University College Dublin School of Medicine Consultant Respiratory Physician St. Vincent’s University Hospital Dublin, Ireland Chapter 24 Hilary C. Cain, MD, MS Associate Professor of Medicine Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Section Chief, Pulmonary Medicine VA Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven, Connecticut Chapter 65 Jeffrey P. Callen, MD, FACP, MAAD, MACR Professor of Medicine (Dermatology) Chief, Division of Dermatology University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville, Kentucky Chapter 27 Edward J. Campbell, MD Heredilab, Inc. Salt Lake City, Utah Chapter 18 Wellington V. Cardoso, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine and Genetics & Development Columbia Center for Human Development Department of Medicine Columbia University Medical Center New York, New York Chapter 4 xiv MCGH423-FM_Vol1_pi-xxx.indd 14 16/08/22 9:32 PM Humberto K. Choi, MD Laurie L. Carr, MD David C. Christiani, MD, MPH, MS Assistant Professor of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio Chapter 70 Associate Professor of Medicine Division of Oncology National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver, Colorado Chapter 114 Rodrigo Cartin-Ceba, MD, MSc Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science Consultant, Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic Phoenix, Arizona Chapter 74 David M. Center, MD Gordon and Ruth Snider Professor of Pulmonary Medicine Associate Provost for Translational Research Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine Boston University Chief, Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine Boston Medical Center Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 20 Georgios Chamilos, MD Professor of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine, Stavrakia, Voutes University of Crete Heraklion Crete, Greece Chapter 132 Giuliana Cerro Chiang, MD Fellow in Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, California Chapter 54 Edward S. Chen, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine of Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio Chapter 109 Elkan Blout Professor of Environmental Genetics Department of Environmental Health Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical School Physician, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 88 Jason D. Christie, MD, MSCE Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 141 Geoffrey L. Chupp, MD Professor of Medicine Yale School of Medicine Director, Yale Center for Asthma and Airway Disease Director, Pulmonary Function Laboratory, Yale New Haven Hospital New Haven, Connecticut Chapters 43 and 46 Andrew Churg, MD, PhD Professor of Pathology, University of British Columbia Pathologist Vancouver General Hospital Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Chapter 37 Brian J. Clark, MD Assistant Professor, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut VA Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven, Connecticut Chapter 71 Assistant Professor Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Attending Physician, Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 53 Lauren Cohn, MD James A. Chenoweth, MD, MAS Gregory P. Cosgrove, MD Assistant Professor, Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine University of California, Davis Sacramento, California Veterans Administration Northern Department of Medicine California Health Care System Mather, California Chapter 66 Asha N. Chesnutt, MD The Oregon Clinic Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine Portland, Oregon Chapter 140 CONTRIBUTORS Brenna Carey, MS, PhD Associate Professor Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut VA Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven, Connecticut Chapters 23 and 71 Associate Professor Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine University of Colorado—Anschutz Medical Campus Denver, Colorado Chapter 58 Gerard Joseph Criner, MD Chair and Professor of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 84 Megan Rose Curtis, MD, MS Research Fellow, Harvard Medical School Associate Physician, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 122 xv MCGH423-FM_Vol1_pi-xxx.indd 15 16/08/22 9:32 PM CONTRIBUTORS James B. Cutrell, MD Associate Professor of Internal Medicine Program Director, Infectious Diseases Fellowship Program Director, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Clements University Hospital and UTSW Health Systems Department of Internal Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Texas Chapter 136 Erin DeBiasi, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Chapters 47 and 64 Malcolm M. DeCamp, MD, FACS Professor and Chair, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics Madison, Wisconsin Chapter 81 Roy H. Decker, MD, PhD Professor, Department of Therapeutic Radiology Yale School of Medicine Radiation Oncologist Yale New Haven Hospital New Haven, Connecticut Chapter 57 Marc Decramer, MD, PhD Emeritus Professor of Medicine University of Leuven Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE) Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU-Leuven Leuven, Belgium Chapter 3 Charles S. Dela Cruz, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Medicine Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Associate Professor of Microbial Pathogenesis Director, Center of Pulmonary Infection Research and Treatment Yale School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Chapters 19 and 108 Horace M. DeLisser, MD Associate Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine Associate Dean for Diversity and Inclusion Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapters 105 and 152 Bradley M. Dennis, MD Associate Professor of Surgery Division of Acute Care Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Trauma Medical Director, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Associate Chief of Staff, Vanderbilt University Hospital Nashville, Tennessee Chapter 104 Jessy Deshane, PhD Associate Professor Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama Chapter 25 Himanshu Deshwal, MD Fellow in Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine New York University Grossman School of Medicine New York, New York Chapter 105 Joshua M. Diamond, MD, MSCE Associate Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 121 David M. DiBardino, MD Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine Section of Interventional Pulmonology Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 33 Burton F. Dickey, MD Clifton Howe Distinguished Professor of Pulmonary Medicine University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas Chapter 6 John D. Dickinson, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska Chapter 6 Jennifer J. Dorsch, MD Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Division of Sleep Medicine, The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Associate Director, Sleep Non-Invasive Ventilation Program Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 142 Jonathan E. Dowell, MD Professor of Internal Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology UT Southwestern Dallas, Texas Chapter 116 Mark T. Dransfield, MD Professor of Medicine, Endowed Chair in Pulmonary Disease Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Lung Health Center University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham VA Medical Center Birmingham, Alabama Chapter 38 Benjamin J. Drapkin, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology UT Southwestern Dallas, Texas Chapter 116 M. Bradley Drummond, MD, MHS Associate Professor of Medicine Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Attending Physician University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Medical Center Chapel Hill, North Carolina Chapter 40 xvi MCGH423-FM_Vol1_pi-xxx.indd 16 16/08/22 9:32 PM Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota Chapter 97 Daniel G. Dunlap, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Chapter 34 Ghassan El-Haddad, MD Section Head, Radionuclide Therapy Program Associate Member, Interventional Radiology Associate Member, Cancer Physiology H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Associate Professor of Radiology and Oncologic Sciences University of South Florida Tampa, Florida Chapter 30 Davide Elia, MD Unità di Pneumologia e Terapia Semi-Intensiva Respiratoria Servizio di Fisiopatologia Respiratoria ed Emodinamica Polmonare Ospedale San Giuseppe, MultiMedica IRCCS Milano, Italy Chapter 59 Richard I. Enelow, MD Professor of Medicine, and of Microbiology and Immunology Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon, New Hampshire Chapter 56 Kyle B. Enfield, MD, MS Associate Professor of Medicine Section Chief, Critical Care Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Virginia School of Medicine Associate Chief Medical Officer for Critical Care UVA Health Charlottesville, Virginia Chapter 127 David Feller-Kopman, MD Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine Chief, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon, New Hampshire Chapter 76 Thomas W. Ferkol, MD Alexis F. Hartmann M.D. Professor of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics Professor, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Children’s Hospital St. Louis, Missouri Chapter 6 Timothy M. Fernandes, MD, MPH Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine University of California, San Diego School of Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine La Jolla, California Chapter 73 Barry G. Fields, MD, MSEd Associate Professor of Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Sleep Physician, Sleep Medicine Center, Atlanta VA Health Care System Atlanta, Georgia Chapter 98 Michael C. Fishbein, MD Distinguished Professor of Pathology and Medicine Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Ronald Reagan Medical Center Los Angeles, California Chapter 68 Christopher Gange, MD Assistant Professor, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale University School of Medicine Thoracic Radiologist Yale New Haven Hospital New Haven, Connecticut Chapter 63 Perenlei Enkhbaatar, MD, PhD, FAHA David E. Gerber, MD Gary R. Epler, MD Ghislaine Gayan-Ramirez, PhD Rodolfo A. Estrada, MD Subha Ghosh, MD, MBA Professor, Department of Anesthesiology Director, Translational Intensive Care Unit Charles Robert Allen Professor in Anesthesiology The University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, Texas Chapter 93 Clinical Associate Professor Harvard Medical School Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 49 Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care UT Health San Antonio/University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio San Antonio, Texas Chapter 79 Peter F. Fedullo, MD Clinical Professor of Medicine University of California San Diego Health Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine San Diego, California Chapter 73 CONTRIBUTORS Hilary M. DuBrock, MD David Bruton, Jr. Professorship in Clinical Cancer Research Departments of Internal Medicine and Population and Data Sciences Division of Hematology/Oncology UT Southwestern Dallas, Texas Chapter 116 Professor at University of Leuven Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE) Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU-Leuven Leuven, Belgium Chapter 3 Assistant Professor, Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University Staff Physician Imaging Institute, Section of Thoracic Imaging Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland, Ohio Chapter 105 Timothy D. Girard, MD, MSCI, ATSF Associate Professor of Critical Care Medicine Department of Critical Care Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Chapter 151 xvii MCGH423-FM_Vol1_pi-xxx.indd 17 16/08/22 9:32 PM CONTRIBUTORS Mark T. Gladwin, MD Vice President for Medical Affairs, UM Baltimore John Z. and Akiko K. Bowers Distinguished Professor and Dean, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 95 Stanley Goldfarb, MD Former Associate Dean for Curriculum Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 17 Michael A. Grippi, MD Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapters 1, 10, 27, 31, 102, and 139 Marco Guazzi, MD, PhD Professor of Cardiology, University of Milano School of Medicine Head of Cardiology Division San Paolo University Hospital Milano, Italy Chapter 32 Mridu Gulati, MD, MPH Associate Professor Departments of Internal Medicine Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Chapter 55 Akash Gupta, MD Instructor, Harvard Medical School Assistant in Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 130 Nishant Gupta, MD, MS Associate Professor Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio Chapter 61 Indira Gurubhagavatula, MD, MPH, FAASM Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Sleep Medicine Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 100 Jacob Gutsche, MD Associate Professor Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 149 Ramsey R. Hachem, MD Professor of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Washington University in St. Louis Medical Director of Lung Transplantation Barnes-Jewish Hospital St. Louis, Missouri Chapter 106 Chadi A. Hage, MD, ATSF Professor of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine Medical Director, Lung Transplant University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Chapter 133 Kelly M. Hager, MD, MPH Fellow, Yale Occupational and Environmental Medicine Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Chapter 55 Stephen R. Hammes, MD, PhD Professor and Chief, Division of Endocrinology Department of Medicine University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, New York Chapter 62 Sergio Harari, MD Professor of Internal Medicine University of Milan Unità di Pneumologia e Terapia Semi-Intensiva Respiratoria Servizio di Fisiopatologia Respiratoria ed Emodinamica Polmonare Ospedale San Giuseppe, MultiMedica IRCCS Department of Medical Sciences, San Giuseppe Hospital MultiMedica IRCCS Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health Università degli Studi di Milano Milan, Italy Chapter 59 Howard M. Heller, MD, MPH Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 138 Michael J. Herriges, PhD Post-doctoral Fellow Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 8 Søren Hess, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Staff Physician, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center Aurora, Colorado Chapter 42 Chief Physician, Head of Section (Nuclear Medicine & PET) Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Hospital South West Jutland Esbjerg, Denmark Clinical Associate Professor, Head of Research (Imaging) Research Unit for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department of Regional Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Southern Denmark Odense, Denmark Chair, Danish Society of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine Aarup, Denmark Chapter 30 Andrew R. Haas, MD, PhD Janet Hilbert, MD Duc M. Ha, MD, MAS Associate Professor of Medicine Director, Section of Interventional Pulmonary and Thoracic Oncology Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 34 Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine Medical Director of Yale Noninvasive Ventilation Program Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Yale University New Haven, Connecticut Chapter 148 xviii MCGH423-FM_Vol1_pi-xxx.indd 18 16/08/22 9:32 PM Professor of Pathology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Chapter 63 Gary B. Huffnagle Department of Internal Medicine Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Michigan Medical Center Ann Arbor, Michigan Chapter 120 Rocio M. Hurtado, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School Director, Mycobacterial Center, Division of Infectious Diseases Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 131 Louise C. Ivers, MD, MPH Professor of Medicine, Professor of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School Director, Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 135 Karen R. Jacobson, MD, MPH Associate Professor of Medicine Section of Infectious Diseases Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 130 Frank J. Jacono, MD Virginia Hubbell Chair in Pulmonary and Critical Care and Tenured Professor of Medicine Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Division Chief, Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland VA Medical Center, VA Northeast Ohio Health System Cleveland, Ohio Chapter 11 Tulip Ajit Jhaveri, MBBS Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine Attending Physician, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson, Mississippi Chapter 122 David H. Johnson, MD R. Ellwood Jones, M.D. Distinguished Professorship in Clinical Education Department of Internal Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology UT Southwestern Dallas, Texas Chapter 116 Austin J. Jolly MD/PhD Student, Department of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, Colorado Chapter 90 Christopher M. Kapp, MD Clinical Instructor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine Interventional Pulmonologist and Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine Physician, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital Chicago, Illinois Chapter 76 Joel D. Kaufman, MD, MPH Professor Departments of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences University of Washington Medicine, and Epidemiology Seattle, Washington Chapter 89 Joshua B. Kayser, MD, MPH, MBE, FCCM Professor of Clinical Medicine and Medical Ethics & Health Policy Department of Medicine Department of Medical Ethics & Health Policy Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 152 CONTRIBUTORS Robert J. Homer, MD, PhD Michael P. Keane, MD, FRCP, FRCPI Professor of Medicine Dean and Head of School of Medicine University College Dublin Consultant Respiratory Physician St. Vincent’s University Hospital Dublin, Ireland Chapter 24 Andrea Kelly, MD MSCE Attending Physician, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Professor of Pediatrics Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 48 Jeffrey A. Kern, MD Professor of Medicine National Jewish Health University of Colorado, Denver Chief, Oncology Division Vice-Chair, Department of Medicine National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado Chapter 107 Nick H. Kim, MD Professor of Medicine Section Chief, Pulmonary Vascular Medicine Medical Director, Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy Program Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla, California Chapter 72 Corrine R. Kliment, MD, PhD Assistant Professor Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine University of Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Chapter 18 Robert A. Klocke, MD Emeritus Professor of Chairperson Department of Medicine Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University at Buffalo Buffalo, New York Chapters 15 and 16 Marin H. Kollef, MD Director, Critical Care Research Director, Respiratory Care Services Barnes-Jewish Hospital Virginia E. and Sam J. Golman Chair in Respiratory Intensive Care Medicine Professor of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri Chapter 129 xix MCGH423-FM_Vol1_pi-xxx.indd 19 16/08/22 9:32 PM CONTRIBUTORS Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis, MD, ScD, FACP, FIDSA Daniel Langer, PT, PhD Robert M. Kotloff, MD Kathleen A. Lee-Sarwar, MD, MS Frances King Black Endowed Professor, Infectious Diseases Deputy Head Division of Internal Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Adj Professor Baylor College of Medicine Adj Professor University of Houston Houston, Texas Chapter 132 Craig and Elaine Dobbin/Nancy P. Blumenthal Professor of Advanced Lung Disease Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapters 94 and 103 Darrell N. Kotton, MD David C. Seldin Professor of Medicine The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Director, Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center Attending Physician Department of Medicine Boston Medical Center Boston, Massachusetts Chapters 8 and 39 Mary Elizabeth Kreider, MD, MSCE Professor of Clinical Medicine Vice Chief for Education and Faculty Development Fellowship Program Director Director, ILD Program Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 86 Arnold S. Kristof, MDCM, FRCPC Associate Professor of Medicine Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre Departments of Critical Care and Medicine, McGill University Montreal, Quebec Chapter 60 Meir Kryger, MD, FRCPC Professor, Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Chapters 47 and 101 Ricardo M. La Hoz, MD Director, Solid Organ Transplant Infectious Diseases Associate Professor of Internal Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Texas Chapter 136 James H. Laird, MD Resident Physician Department of Therapeutic Radiology Yale School of Medicine Resident Physician Yale New Haven Hospital New Haven, Connecticut Chapter 57 Professor of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Research Group for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Rehabilitation KU-Leuven Respiratory Rehabilitation and Respiratory Division University Hospital Leuven Leuven, Belgium Chapter 3 Instructor, Harvard Medical School Physician, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 44 Andrew T. Levinson, MD, MPH Associate Professor of Medicine, Clinician Educator Program Director, Critical Care Medicine Fellowship Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Department of Medicine Miriam Hospital and Rhode Island Hospital Providence, Rhode Island Chapter 96 Erik E. Lewis, MD Fellow, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics Madison, Wisconsin Chapter 81 Howard Y. Li, MD Associate Professor Department of Internal Medicine Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University Director, Lung Cancer Screening Medical Service Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center Richmond, Virginia Chapter 107 Shu-Yi Liao, MD, MPH, MS, ScD Assistant Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine National Jewish Health Assistant Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Physician Department of Medicine Division of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado Chapter 88 Augusto A. Litonjua, MD, MPH Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medicine University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Division Chief of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine Physician, Department of Pediatrics, Golisano Children’s Hospital Department of Medicine, Strong Memorial Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, New York Chapter 44 Leslie A. Litzky, MD Professor, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Chief of Surgical and Medical Pathology Subspecialty Director, Thoracic Pathology Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapters 78 and 111 xx MCGH423-FM_Vol1_pi-xxx.indd 20 16/08/22 9:32 PM Keshav Mangalick, MD Natalie S. Lui, MD Patrick Mangialardi, DO Program Director Division of Lung Diseases National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland Chapter 4 Assistant Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute Stanford, California Chapter 82 Joseph P. Lynch, III, MD, FCCP, FERS Holt and Jo Hickman Endowed Chair of Advanced Lung Disease and Lung Transplantation Distinguished Professor of Clinical Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Immunology, and Allergy David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, California Chapter 68 Kevin C. Ma, MD CONTRIBUTORS Jining Lu, PhD Resident Physician, Department of Medicine New York University Grossman School of Medicine Resident Physician, Department of Medicine New York University Langone Health New York, New York Chapter 78 Senior Fellow, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of California, Davis, Sacramento Veterans Administration Northern California Health Care System Department of Medicine Mather, California Chapter 66 Nathaniel Marchetti, DO Professor of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 84 Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine Section of Interventional Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 77 Paul E. Marik, MD, FCCP, FCCM Roberto F. Machado, MD Fernando J. Martinez, MD, MS Professor, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk, Virginia Chapter 69 Dr. Calvin H. English Professor of Medicine Chief, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine Department of Medicine Indiana University Indianapolis, Indiana Chapter 95 Chief, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medine Joan and Sanford Weill Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine NY Presbyterian Hospital New York, New York Chapter 50 Mitchell Machtay, MD Professor of Radiation Oncology Department of Radiation Oncology Penn State University College of Medicine and Cancer Institute Hershey, Pennsylvania Chapter 115 Attending Intensivist and Pulmonologist Department of Intensive Care and Pulmonary Medicine Mather Hospital Northwell Health Port Jefferson, New York Chapter 29 Atul Malhotra, MD Aditi Mathur, MD Peter C. Farrell Presidential Chair and Tenured Professor of Medicine University of California San Diego Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine La Jolla, California Chapter 10 Attending Pulmonary Physician Summit Health, Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine Hackensack University Medical Center Montclair, New Jersey Chapter 52 Joshua Malo, MD Michael A. Matthay, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, Clinical Scholar Associate Director, Internal Medicine Residency Program—Tucson Campus Tucson, Arizona Chapter 133 Scott Manaker, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 144 Jess Mandel, MD, MACP, ATSF Kenneth M. Moser Professor of Medicine Chief, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Vice-Chair for Education, Department of Internal Medicine UC San Diego School of Medicine La Jolla, California Chapter 72 Fiore Mastroianni, MD Professor, Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia Senior Associate Cardiovascular Research Institute University of California San Francisco Associate Director, Critical Care Medicine University of California, San Francisco Medical Center San Francisco, California Chapter 140 Daniel N. Maxwell, MD Fellow of Infectious Disease and Critical Care, UT Southwestern Fellow of Infectious Disease and Critical Care Parkland Hospital, Clements Hospital, North Texas VA Hospital Dallas, Texas Chapter 137 Paul H. Mayo, MD, FAACP Professor of Clinical Medicine at the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Academic Director of Critical Care Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Department of Medicine Northwell Health New Hyde Park, New York Chapter 29 xxi MCGH423-FM_Vol1_pi-xxx.indd 21 16/08/22 9:32 PM CONTRIBUTORS Jeffrey Mazer, MD Director of Pulmonary and Critical Care Lovelace Medical Group Albuquerque, New Mexico Chapter 96 Edmund K. Moon, MD Peter J. Mazzone, MD, MPH Medical Director Cell & Gene Therapy Oncology R&D Collegeville, Pennsylvania Chapter 78 Cormac McCarthy, MD, PhD Professor of Anesthesiology Professor of Medicine Duke University Medical Center Durham, North Carolina Chapter 92 Section Head, Thoracic Oncology Respiratory Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio Chapter 109 Associate Professor of Medicine School of Medicine, University College Dublin Consultant Respiratory Physician, St. Vincent’s University Hospital Dublin, Ireland Chapter 70 Daniel P. McCarthy, MD, MBA, MEM Assistant Professor, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics Madison, Wisconsin Chapter 81 F. Dennis McCool, MD Professor of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Rhode Island Hospital Providence, Rhode Island Chapter 83 John E. McGinniss, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 121 Paul McLoughlin, MB, BCh, MRCPI, PhD Professor of Physiology University College Dublin School of Medicine Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research St. Vincent’s University Hospital Dublin, Ireland Chapter 24 Robert E. Merritt, MD, FACS Professor of Surgery Director, Division of Thoracic Surgery Medical Director of Inpatient Services The James Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, Ohio Chapter 35 Joseph A. Miccio, MD Assistant Professor of Radiation Oncology Department of Radiation Oncology Penn State University College of Medicine and Cancer Institute Hershey, Pennsylvania Chapter 115 Joseph P. Mizgerd, ScD Jerome S. Brody, MD, Professor of Pulmonary Medicine Professor of Medicine, Microbiology, and Biochemistry Director, Pulmonary Center Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 20 Takudzwa Mkorombindo, MD Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Lung Health Center University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham VA Medical Center Birmingham, Alabama Chapter 38 Richard E. Moon, MD, FACP, FCCP Jorge I. Mora, MD Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Associate Chief for Clinical Affairs and Medical Director Division of Sleep Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Director, Sleep Non-Invasive Ventilation Program Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 99 Alice Moroni, MD Resident in Cardiology University of Milano school of Medicine Milano, Italy Chapter 32 Joel Moss, MD, PhD Senior Investigator, Pulmonary Branch National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland Chapters 59, 60, and 62 Prerna Mota, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon, New Hampshire Chapter 56 Susan Murin, MD, MBA Professor and Associate Dean Department of Internal Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of California Davis, Sacramento Department of Medicine Veterans Administration Northern California Health Care System Mather, California Chapter 66 Robert Naeije, MD, PhD Professor of Physiology Department of Physiology Erasme Campus of the Free University of Brussels Brussels, Belgium Chapter 13 Girish B. Nair, MD, MS, FACP, FCCP Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Beaumont Health Associate Professor of Medicine OUWB School of Medicine Royal Oak, Michigan Chapter 125 Camille Nelson Kotton, MD Associate Professor, Harvard Medical School Clinical Director, Transplant and Immunocompromised Host Infectious Diseases Infectious Diseases Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Chapters 123 and 138 xxii MCGH423-FM_Vol1_pi-xxx.indd 22 16/08/22 9:32 PM Associate Professor Research DART Leader, Multiple Myeloma and Gammopathies Program Section of Hematology Department of Internal Medicine and Yale Cancer Center Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Chapter 63 Nikolaus C. Netzer, MD, PhD Prof. Prof.(Hon)/Director Hermann Buhl Institute for Hypoxia and Sleep Medicine Research University Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria Scientific Medical Director, Terra X Cube Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine Eurac Research Bozen, Italy Chapter 91 Michael S. Niederman, MD, MACP, FCCP, FCCM, FERS Professor of Clinical Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center Weill Cornell Medical College New York, New York Chapter 125 Paul W. Noble, MD Professor of Medicine and Chair, Department of Medicine Vera and Paul Guerin Family Distinguished Chair in Pulmonary Medicine Medical Director, Women’s Guild Lung Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, California Chapter 54 Eliezer Zachary Nussbaum Fellow in infectious diseases Department of infectious disease Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 134 Matthias Ochs, MD Professor and Chair, Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité— Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany Chapter 2 Philip G. Ong, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care UT Health San Antonio/University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio San Antonio, Texas Chapter 79 David E. Ost, MD, MPH Professor of Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas Chapter 110 Gustavo Pacheco-Rodriguez, PhD Staff Scientist, Pulmonary Branch National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland Chapter 62 Allan I. Pack, MBChB, PhD John Miclot Professor of Medicine Division of Sleep Medicine Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapters 10 and 12 Henry S. Park, MD, MPH Assistant Professor, Department of Therapeutic Radiology Yale School of Medicine Radiation Oncologist Yale New Haven Hospital New Haven, Connecticut Chapter 57 John E. Parker, MD Professor of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Department of Medicine West Virginia University Morgantown, West Virginia Chapter 87 CONTRIBUTORS Natalia Neparidze, MD Nicholas J. Pastis, MD Professor of Medicine Director of Interventional Pulmonology Interventional Pulmonology Fellowship Program Director The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, Ohio Chapter 118 Susheel P. Patil, MD, PhD Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland, Ohio Chapter 100 Tyler J. Peck, MD Instructor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School Physician, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 75 Jay I. Peters, MD Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care UT Health San Antonio/University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio and the South Texas Veterans Health Care System San Antonio, Texas Chapter 79 Steve G. Peters, MD Professor of Medicine Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota Chapter 94 Sara Piciucchi, MD Team Leader of Thoracic Radiology and Consultant Department of Radiology Ospedale GB Morgagni Forlì, Italy Chapter 119 Grace W. Pien, MD, MSCE Program Director, Sleep Medicine Fellowship Program Assistant Professor of Medicine Pulmonary and Critical Care Division Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 98 Gerald B. Pier, PhD Professor of Medicine (Microbiology and Immunology) Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School Senior Investigator, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 124 xxiii MCGH423-FM_Vol1_pi-xxx.indd 23 16/08/22 9:32 PM CONTRIBUTORS Venerino Poletti, MD Professor of Pulmonary Medicine, Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica e Sperimentale (DIMES) Università di Bologna Bologna, Italy Honorary Professor of Pulmonary Medicine Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus, Denmark Head & Professor, Department of Pulmonology, Ospedale GB Morgagni Forlì, Italy Chapter 119 Jennifer D. Possick, MD Associate Professor of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Yale School of Medicine Director, Winchester Center for Lung Disease Yale-New Haven Hospital New Haven, Connecticut Chapter 64 Niall T. Prendergast, MD Research Fellow, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Attending Physician, Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Medical Center University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Chapter 151 Gregory P. Priebe, MD Associate Professor of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School Senior Associate in Critical Care Medicine Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Associate in Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases Boston Children’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 124 Benjamin A. Raby, MD, CM, MPH Professor of Pediatrics Division of Pulmonary Medicine Boston Children’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 9 Christopher H. Rassekh, MD, FACS Professor of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Attending Physician, Co-Chair Airway Safety Committee Director of Risk Reduction, Professional Practice, and Salivary Gland Center Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 145 John P. Reilly, MD, MSCE Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 141 Stephen I. Rennard, MD Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska Chapter 41 Alejandro Restrepo, MD Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Medicine UTMB Health League City, Texas Chapter 137 Scott I. Reznik, MD Associate Professor Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Texas Chapter 113 Andrew L. Ries, MD, MPH Professor of Medicine and Public Health Associate Vice Chancellor for Health Sciences Academic Affairs University of California, San Diego San Diego, California Chapter 42 M. Patricia Rivera, MD C. Jane Davis & C. Robert Davis Distinguished Professor in Pulmonary Medicine Chief, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Rochester Associate Director of DEI, Wilmot Cancer Center University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, New York Chapter 112 Kenneth B. Roberts, MD Professor, Department of Therapeutic Radiology Yale University School of Medicine Attending Physician, Department of Radiation Oncology Yale-New Haven Health System New Haven, Connecticut Chapter 57 Matthew B. Roberts, MBBS, MPH&TM, FRACP Infectious Diseases Physician, Infectious Diseases Unit Royal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide, South Australia Chapter 123 Carolyn L. Rochester, MD Professor, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut VA Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven, Connecticut Chapter 71 Karen Rodriguez, MD Department of Radiology Division of Thoracic Imaging & Intervention Massachusetts General Hospital Instructor, Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 117 Josanna M. Rodriguez-Lopez, MD Instructor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School Physician, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 75 William N. Rom, MD, MPH Sol and Judith Bergstein Professor, Emeritus Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine NYU Grossman School of Medicine Research Scientist NYU School of Global Public Health New York, New York Chapter 85 xxiv MCGH423-FM_Vol1_pi-xxx.indd 24 16/08/22 9:32 PM Assistant Dean for Graduate Medical Education Vice Chair for Education, Department of Medicine Associate Professor of Medicine Division of Sleep Medicine Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 98 Leonid Roshkovan, MD Thomas F. Scanlin, MD Chief, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine and The Cystic Fibrosis Center Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New Brunswick, New Jersey Chapter 48 Edward S. Schulman, MD Department of Radiology Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 28 Professor of Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Director, Allergy and Asthma Research Center Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 21 Andrew T. Roth, MD Richard J. Schwab, MD Ami Rubinowitz, MD David A. Schwartz, MD Fellow Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri Chapter 129 Associate Professor of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging Yale School of Medicine Thoracic Imaging Section Yale-New Haven Hospital New Haven, Connecticut Chapter 55 Lisa Ruvuna, MD Professor of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Chief, Division of Sleep Medicine The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 99 Distinguished Professor of Medicine and Immunology Anschutz Medical Campus University of Colorado Denver Aurora, Colorado Chapter 90 Bernardo Selim, MD Fellow, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus University of Colorado School of Medicine Denver, Colorado Chapter 36 Associate Professor of Medicine Medical Director of Respiratory Care Unit Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota Chapter 148 Edward T. Ryan, MD Mithu Sen, MD, FRCPC, DABSM, ABIM, FCCP, FCCM, FAASM Coralynn Sack, MD, MPH David S. Seres, MD Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School Professor of Immunology and Infectious Diseases Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Director, Global Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 135 Assistant Professor Departments of Medicine and Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences University of Washington Seattle, Washington Chapter 89 Moiz Salahuddin, MD Interventional Pulmonary fellow, Interventional Pulmonology MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas Chapter 110 Amali E. Samarasinghe, MS, PhD Plough Foundation Endowed Chair of Excellence Director of the Pediatric Asthma Research Center Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology University of Tennessee Health Science Center Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital Children’s Foundation Research Institute Memphis, Tennessee Chapter 21 Rahul G. Sangani, MD Associate Professor, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine West Virginia University Department of Medicine Morgantown, West Virginia Chapter 87 CONTRIBUTORS Ilene M. Rosen, MD, MSCE Professor of Medicine, University of Western Ontario Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry Department of Medicine Division of Respirology, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine London, Canada Chapter 101 Professor of Medicine in the Institute of Human Nutrition Director of Medical Nutrition Associate Clinical Ethicist Department of Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York, New York Chapter 150 Hari M. Shankar, MD Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 146 Adrian Shifren, MBBCh, FCCP Associate Professor of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri Chapters 15 and 16 Joseph B. Shrager, MD Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery Chief, Division of Thoracic Surgery Director, Thoracic Oncology CCP Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute Stanford, California Chapter 82 xxv MCGH423-FM_Vol1_pi-xxx.indd 25 16/08/22 9:32 PM CONTRIBUTORS Costi D. Sifri, MD Becton, Dickinson and Company Endowed Chair of Infectious Diseases and International Health Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine Attending Physician and Director, Hospital Epidemiology/Infection Prevention & Control UVA Health Charlottesville, Virginia Chapter 127 Gerard A. Silvestri, MD, MS Hillenbrand Professor of Thoracic Oncology Senior Vice-Chair of Faculty Development Department of Medicine Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, South Carolina Chapter 118 Kimberly A. Smith, PhD Research Associate Department of Pediatrics Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois Chapter 72 Nilam J. Soni, MD Professor of Medicine, Academic Hospitalist UT Health San Antonio/University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio and the South Texas Veterans Health Care System San Antonio, Texas Chapter 79 Akshay Sood, MD, MPH Professor, Department of Internal Medicine University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque, New Mexico Chapter 36 Shweta Sood, MD, MS Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine Medical Director of Perelman Harron Lung Center Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 86 Ulrich Specks, MD Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science Consultant, Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota Chapter 74 Peter H.S. Sporn, MD Professor of Medicine Cell and Developmental Biology, and Medical Education Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Illinois Chapter 21 Theodore J. Standiford, MD Professor of Medicine Chief, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Michigan Medical Center Ann Arbor, Michigan Chapter 120 Robert C. Stansbury, MD Associate Professor Department of Medicine Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine West Virginia University Morgantown, West Virginia Chapter 87 Daniel H. Sterman, MD, FCCP, ATSF, DAABIP Thomas & Suzanne Murphy Professor of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine Departments of Medicine and Cardiothoracic Surgery Director, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine Director, Multidisciplinary Pulmonary Oncology Program Principal Investigator, NYU Pulmonary Oncology Research Team (NYU PORT) NYU Grossman School of Medicine/NYU Langone Health New York, New York Chapters 33, 34, and 78 Kingman P. Strohl, MD Professor, Medicine and Physiology & Biophysics Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio Chapter 91 Erik R. Swenson, MD Professor of Medicine and Physiology Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine Attending Physician Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine VA Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle, Washington Chapter 143 Flora K. Szabo, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Children’s Hospital of Richmond, VCU Richmond, Virginia Chapter 48 Nichole T. Tanner, MD, MSCR Professor of Medicine Co-Director, Hollings Lung Cancer Screening Program Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine Medical University of South Carolina Core Investigator Health Equity and Rural Outreach Innovation Center (HEROIC) Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Hospital Charleston, South Carolina Chapter 118 Lynn T. Tanoue, MD, MBA Professor of Medicine and Vice-Chair for Clinical Affairs Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine Director, Lung Screening and Nodule Program Yale Cancer Center, Yale New Haven Hospital New Haven, Connecticut Chapters 64 and 108 Kelan G. Tantisira, MD, MPH Professor of Pediatrics Chief, Department of Pediatrics Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine University of California San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, California Chapter 9 Luis F. Tapias, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science Thoracic Surgeon, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota Chapter 80 Tachira Tavarez, MD, MSc Clinical Associate, Neurosciences Critical Care NIH T32 Post-Doctoral Research Fellow in Critical Care Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 150 xxvi MCGH423-FM_Vol1_pi-xxx.indd 26 16/08/22 9:32 PM Professor of Pulmonology, Medical School, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 976 Human Immunology Pathophysiology and Immunotherapy Head of Respiratory Department, National Reference Center for Histiocytoses St. Louis Hospital, AP-HP Paris, France Chapter 59 Victor J. Thannickal, MD Professor and Harry B. Greenberg Chair John W. Deming Department of Medicine Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans, Louisiana Chapters 25 and 26 John Treanor, MD Emeritus Professor of Medicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, New York Chapter 126 Jun-Chieh J. Tsay, MD, MSc Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine NYU Grossman School of Medicine Department of Medicine VA New York Harbor Healthcare System New York, New York Chapter 85 Homer L. Twigg III, MD Clinical Instructor, Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Chapter 101 Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine Indiana University Indianapolis, Indiana Chapters 22 and 63 Jeffrey C. Thompson, MD, MTR George E. Tzelepis, MD Sritika Thapa, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Section of Interventional Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 77 Gregory Tino, MD Associate Professor of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Chief, Department of Medicine Penn Presbyterian Medical Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapters 31 and 51 Karen J. Tietze, PharmD Professor of Clinical Pharmacy Department of Pharmacy Practice Philadelphia College of Pharmacy St. Joseph’s University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 144 Martin J. Tobin, MD Professor of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Loyola University of Chicago Stritch School of Medicine and Hines VA Hospital Chicago, Illinois Chapter 147 Kevin P. Toole College of Science University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, Indiana Chapter 58 Katrina E. Traber, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Medicine Boston University Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine Boston Medical Center Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 20 Bruce C. Trapnell, MD Professor, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati Attending Physician, Department of Medicine University of Cincinnati Medical Center Attending Physician, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio Chapter 70 CONTRIBUTORS Abdellatif Tazi, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School Athens, Greece Chapter 83 Asad Ali Usman, MD, MPH Instructor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care University of Pennsylvania Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 149 Omar S. Usmani, MBBS, PhD, FHEA, FRCP, FERS Professor of Respiratory Medicine National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London Royal Brompton Hospital and St. Mary’s Hospital London London, United Kingdom Chapter 45 Anil Vachani, MD, MS Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine Section of Interventional Pulmonology Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 33 Judith A. Voynow, MD Edwin L. Kendig Jr. Professor of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine Department of Pediatrics Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine Children’s Hospital of Richmond at VCU Richmond, Virginia Chapter 48 Peter D. Wagner, MD Emeritus Distinguished Professor of Medicine and Bioengineering Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego La Jolla, California Chapter 14 James M. Walter, MD Assistant Professor Department of Internal Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Illinois Chapter 128 Tisha S. Wang, MD Professor of Clinical Medicine UCLA Department of Medicine UCLA Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Ronald Reagan Medical Center Los Angeles, California Chapter 68 xxvii MCGH423-FM_Vol1_pi-xxx.indd 27 16/08/22 9:32 PM CONTRIBUTORS John K. Waters, MD Assistant Professor Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Texas Chapter 113 Timothy E. Weaver, PhD Professor of Pediatrics (retired) Division of Pulmonary Biology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Trout Run, Pennsylvania Chapter 5 Andrew Weber, MD Attending Intensivist and Pulmonologist Department of Intensive Care and Pulmonary Medicine Mather Hospital Northwell Health Port Jefferson, New York Chapter 29 Scott T. Weiss, MD, MS Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School Physician, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 44 Matthew Wemple, MD Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine Intensivist, Medical Director, MICU Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine VA Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle, Washington Chapter 143 Jeffrey A. Whitsett, MD Kindervelt Professor of Pediatrics Co-Director, Perinatal Institute Chief, Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Ohio Chapter 5 Kathryn A. Wikenheiser-Brokamp, MD, PhD Professor, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio Chapter 61 Andrew A. Wilson, MD Associate Professor of Medicine The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Director, The Alpha-1 Center of Boston University and Boston Medical Center Attending Physician Department of Medicine Boston Medical Center Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 39 Christopher E. Winstead-Derlega, MD Undersea & Hyperbaric Fellow Department of Emergency Medicine The Outer Banks Hospital Nags Head, North Carolina Chapter 92 Robert A. Wise, MD Professor of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Attending Physician Johns Hopkins Hospital Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 40 Christine Won, MD, MS Associate Professor of Medicine Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Yale University School of Medicine Chapter 47 Cameron D. Wright, MD Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School Thoracic Surgeon, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 80 Joanne L. Wright, MD, FRCP(C) Professor of Pathology, University of British Columbia Pathologist, St. Paul’s Hospital Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Chapter 37 Richard G. Wunderink, MD rofessor of Medicine P Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Medical Director, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Northwestern Memorial Hospital Chicago, Illinois Chapter 128 Hemang Yadav, MBBS Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota Chapter 94 Henry K. Yaggi, MD, MPH, BA Professor of Internal Medicine Vice Chief of Research in Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine Associate Director of Yale Pulmonary Critical Care Fellowship Program Director of Yale Centers for Sleep Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Yale University New Haven, Connecticut Chapter 148 Ying Yang, PhD Columbia Center for Human Development Department of Medicine Columbia University Medical Center New York, New York Chapter 4 Jason X.-J. Yuan, MD, PhD Professor and Director, Department of Medicine University of California, San Diego La Jolla, California Chapter 72 Tanzira Zaman, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine Medical Director, Interstitial Lung Disease Program Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, California Chapter 54 Yong Zhou, PhD Associate Professor Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama Chapter 26 xxviii MCGH423-FM_Vol1_pi-xxx.indd 28 16/08/22 9:32 PM This, the 6th edition of Fishman’s Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders, represents a major update of the prior edition. The book continues to incorporate broad and authoritative discussions of topics relevant to pulmonary physicians and those interested in sleep medicine and associated disorders; it also includes core topics of importance to the practice of critical care medicine. As in previous editions, the 6th relies heavily upon expert presentations of many basic science areas that, in the Editors’ opinions, constitute an important substrate for clinically based discussions. The clinical sections of the book have been extensively revamped and expanded. Notable content additions include important information on the respiratory effects of vaping, more detailed discussion of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonitides, an expanded presentation on the imaging and work-up of lung nodules, consideration of immunotherapy in the treatment of lung cancer, information on COVID-19–related lung disease and its management, and comprehensive discussion of noninvasive ventilation, including its use in ambulatory and ICU settings. In addition, new chapters on cystic lung disease, lung cancer screening, the lung microbiome, developmental lung disorders, nocardiosis and actinomycosis, and application of ECMO have been included. The work is extensively referenced, with more than 22,000 citations. Remarkably, all the material presented was prepared d
