FISH 333 Principles of Aquaculture Lecture 1 Introduction PDF

FISH 333 PRINCIPLES OF AQUACULTURE Lecture 1: Introduction to Aquaculture  Introduction Definition of aquaculture Importance of aquaculture Challenges to aquaculture production Classification of aquaculture Types of production systems Site and...

FISH 333 PRINCIPLES OF AQUACULTURE Lecture 1: Introduction to Aquaculture  Introduction Definition of aquaculture Importance of aquaculture Challenges to aquaculture production Classification of aquaculture Types of production systems Site and species selection  What is Aquaculture Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms, including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants. Farming implies some form of intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, eg stocking, feeding, protection from predators. Farming also implies individual or corporate ownership of the stock being cultivated.  Importance "Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day, teach the man how to grow that fish and you feed him for life." -Ancient Chinese Proverb 500 B.C  Importance Food security Foreign exchange Income generation & poverty reduction Enhancement of natural stocks Sports and recreation Ornamental fish Bait Industrial and pharmaceutical products  Challenges to aquaculture in Ghana Incidence of diseases Quality and availability of seed Quality and affordability of feed Access to capital Land tenure system Bureaucracy in permit acquisition Marketing of fish Lack of insurance Capacity building  Classification/Level of management Extensive Semi-intensive Intensive  Types of production systems Land-based holding systems Water-based holding systems  Types of culture systems Land-Based systems – Earthen ponds – Concrete ponds – Concrete tanks – Plastic tanks Water-Based culture systems: – Fish cages – Fish pens Some fish holding facilities in Ghana 10  Phases of Aquaculture Harvest & Broodstock Market Management Hatchery Grow-out Production Nursery Production 11  Site selection Ecological factors (land, water, weather/climate, vegetation, soil etc) Biological factors (species, stocking materials, other organisms in vicinity etc) Operational factors (scale, culture system, poly/monoculture, security-bio & physical etc) Socio-economic factors (land ownership, land/water-use pattern, proximity to market, road network  Species selection Biology of the species (growth, reproduction, diet etc) Culture technology (technical procedures, nutrition etc) Production efficiency (growth rate, FCR, hardiness etc) Economic and market value (market demand, price, etc) Impact of species on environment (escapement, wastes etc)  Water as a Habitat for Fish Water is a major determinant for fish farming. Its: – Availability – Accessibility – Quantity – Quality Are all important in site selection for fish farming  Sources of water There are six categories of water sources being used for aquaculture. 1. Springs 2. Wells 3. Rivers. streams or lakes 4. Surface runoff 5. Groundwater 6. Municipal/pipe-borne water Each source has advantages and disadvantages which should be carefully considered before a final selection.