First Aid Resp Problem PDF

First Aid Chapter 3 Presented by: Ms. Fatima Farhat 1 1  RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Function of the respiratory system: It allows the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) in the lungs and in the cells. Breath in oxygen and breath out car...

First Aid Chapter 3 Presented by: Ms. Fatima Farhat 1 1  RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Function of the respiratory system: It allows the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) in the lungs and in the cells. Breath in oxygen and breath out carbon dioxide. Breathing process: Air (oxygen) into nose and mouth---passes through pharynx----travels through the trachea--- lungs---blood---delivered to brain, organs, muscles (provides energy) 2  RESPIRATORY SYSTEM time frame: 0 minutes: breathing stops, heart will soon stop beating 4-6 minutes: brain damage possible 6-10 minutes: brain damage likely Over 10 minutes: irreversible brain damage certain 3  BREATHING EMERGENCIES An obstructed airway (choking) Illness, such as pneumonia Respiratory conditions (asthma, emphysema) Electrocution Shock Drowning Heart attack or heart disease Chest or lung injury Allergic reactions (food, insects) Drugs Poisoning Hyperventilation 4  RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS Ⅰ. Hypoxia Lack of oxygen to body cells which leads to: o Cardiac arrest o Unconsciousness o Respiratory arrest 5  RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS  causes: Insufficient oxygen Airway obstruction Injury to the chest Lung disease or injury Shock Cyanide poisoning Brain or nerve damage 6  RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS Sign & symptoms: Headache Speaking difficulty Blue skin discoloration Restlessness and anxiety Air hunger and rapid breathing. 7  RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS First aid treatment Remove the cause Bring casualty to clear and open space Assess airway, breathing and circulation Check level of responsiveness Position casualty to ensure clear airway Call for ambulance 8  RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS Ⅱ. Choking (Conscious)  Objectives: Remove obstruction Restore normal breathing  signs and symptoms: Unable to Speak Breath Cough Making high pitch noises Bluish skin color Shortness/gasping of breath Panic/fear 9  RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS Treatment: Relax Breath deeply Encourage coughing Abdominal thrust / Heimlich Maneuver Chest thrust for obese and pregnant casualty 10  ABDOMINAL THRUST Find the navel, put hand above navel and put other hand over it-perform 5 abdominal thrusts. Continue performing back blows and abdominal thrusts until: object comes out, person can cough forcefully or breathe 11  ABDOMINAL THRUST Exceptions-give chest thrusts instead (Place fist in center of breastbone) 1. Person is pregnant 2. Can’t get your Hands around person(obese) 12  ABDOMINAL THRUST If you are alone and choking Try to perform abdominal thrusts on yourself by using your hands A chair A counter A edge of sink 13 Conscious choking techniques for child Same as adult except: ask permission from adult/guardian-IF YES Go on knees so you are on the same level as the child-perform back blows & abdominal thrusts 14 Choking techniques for infant You MUST support the head and neck when performing both skills. Must support BODY of Infant on your leg 15  RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS Ⅲ. Drowning: Death from drowning occurs when air cannot get into the lungs Objectives: Restore adequate breathing Keep casualty warm Urgent removal to hospital 16 17  RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS First aid treatment: Try to rescue the casualty without entering the water Keep the head lower than the body Check for airway, breathing and circulation Standby to perform CPR Remove wet clothes if possible and keep the casualty warm 18  RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS Ⅳ. Hanging and strangulation Hanging: the body is suspended by a noose around the neck and there may be a serious injury to the cervical spine. Strangulation: constriction around the neck may be caused by accident 19 20 21  RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS Signs and symptoms: Rope mark around the neck Blue discoloration of the skin Face congestion and rapid breathing Unconsciousness 22  RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS  first aid treatment: Remove constriction Check ABC, prepare to perform CPR Position to ensure clear airway Urgent removal to hospital Precaution: Watch out for spinal injury Do not throw the constricting material - for police investigation 23  RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS Ⅴ. Inhalation of fumes  Common types of fumes: Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Solvents and fuels 24  RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS  Signs and symptoms: Depending on the fumes, the casualty may experience: Headache Confusion Breathlessness Unconsciousness Cough and wheezing Blue discoloration of skin 25  RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS  first aid treatment: if victim is unconscious, open the airway, check breathing and pulse. Perform CPR if necessary. 26  RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS Ⅵ. Over Breathing (Hyperventilation) Excessive breathing (over-breathing) increases oxygen intake and causes chemical changes that produce the symptoms of the condition. Causes: Excitement. Hysteria. Other emotion 27  RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS Signs and symptoms: Normal or pink skin color. Rapid and deep breathing. Attention-seeking behavior. Dizziness and faintness. Cramps in the hands and feet. 28  RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS First aid treatment: Firm reassurance. Encourage casualty to take slow, regular breaths. Instruct the casualty to breathe in and out of a paper bag until symptoms disappear. 29  RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS Ⅶ. Chronic condition:  1. Asthma: resulting from sudden or progressive narrowing of the airways.  Causes: Exercise Cold air Allergies Some drinks Preservatives Anxiety House dust Food additives Stress Smoke 30  RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS signs and symptoms: Moderate to severe breathing difficulty. Sometimes wheezing. Sometimes coughing. Possibly paleness, sweating, blueness of lips, ear lobes and fingertips. Can lead to unconsciousness. 31  RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS First Aid Treatment Comfortable sitting posture. Reassure the casualty. Assist the casualty in administering any medications, which was prescribed for the casualty. Monitor pulse, respiration, and level of responsiveness Seek medical attention 32  RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS Ⅷ. Penetrating chest wound caused by sharp objects Signs and symptoms: Air suction heard Engorgement of neck vein Cough up frothy red blood Difficult and painful breathing Blue skin discoloration Blood bubbling out of the wound 33  RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS Wound First aid treatment: Seal the wound and maintain breathing Minimize shock Urgent arrangement of transport to hospital 34  RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS Ⅸ. allergic reactions Some reactions that seem mild can become severe within minutes. People can be allergic to many things, including: Many foods, such as eggs, nuts, chocolate Insect stings or bites, especially bee or wasp stings 35  RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS  sign & symptoms: 36 When to Stop? The scene becomes unsafe The victim begins to breathe in his or her own Another trained person takes over for you Another trainer personnel arrive on the scene and take over You are too exhausted to continue 37 38