Final Test - Behavior Sciences & Medical Sociology PDF

UNIVERSITATEA DE STAT DE MEDICINĂ ŞI FARMACIE „NICOLAE TESTEMIŢANU" **Catedra Filosofie și Bioetică** **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **Teste la disciplină: Behavior sciences. Medical sociology** 1. **SIMPLE COMPLEMENT (only one correct answer is possible)** **1. Behaviorism is the current in psychology that:** a\) Study the spheres of activity related to health and illness in the field of psychoanalysis. b\) Studies the spheres of activity related to health and disease in the field of sociology. c\) Studies the spheres of activity related to health and disease in the field of anthropology. d\) Studies the spheres of activity related to health and disease in the field of biomedical sciences. **e) Consider behaviour a response to an environmental stimulus.** **2. What is the practical importance of Behavioral Sciences for medical activity?** **a) Increasing the quality of individual life, reducing morbidity, promoting health.** b\) Understanding psychic processes. c\) Understanding the subconscious. d\) Identifying the factors involved in the onset and evolution of various diseases. e\) Study of the effects of poor physical condition. **3. What is the role of Communication Sciences for physicians?** **a) To be able to: define and distinguish an effective communication situation, reorganize their own style of written and oral professional communication, decipher body language, establish constructive relationships with the recipients of the message by knowing the code of good manners and rules of intercultural communication.** b\) To determine the economic factors that can change the paradigm in medicine. c\) To determine the epidemiological factors that can change the paradigm in medicine. d\) To determine the socio-cultural factors that can change the paradigm in medicine. e\) To determine the psycho-emotional factors that can change the paradigm in medicine. **4. What are the objectives of the discipline Communication and Behavior in Medicine?** **a) To promote the moral culture of the medical community, the moral character of the doctor-patient-society relationship, the understanding of the behavioral, social and cultural processes in the etiology of diseases.** b\) The association and the need to acquire some notions from child psychology. c\) The association and the need to acquire some notions from traditional medicine. d\) The association and the need to acquire some notions from epidemiology. e\) The association and the need to acquire some notions from philosophy. **5. Behavioral medicine is a field:** **a) Interdisciplinary interested in the development of knowledge and behavioral techniques that are relevant for understanding health and disease, for prevention, treatment and rehabilitation.** b\) What behavioral psychology studies. c\) What studies the efficiency of health services? d\) What studies the efficiency of the health system? e\) What studies the influence of institutions and organizations on health? **6. The founder of behaviorism is:** **a) John Broadus Watson** b\) Nicolae Miu c\) Sigmund Freud d\) Doina Cosman e\) Abraham Maslow **7. Determine the integral model of conceptualizing the disease:** a\) The biomedical model. b\) The psychological model. **c) The biopsychosocial model.** d\) The personalist model. e\) The individualistic model. **8. The biomedical paradigm is based on:** a\) The study of psychological factors and processes. **b) The study of the scientific approach of medicine, the reduction of the human body to an object or aggregate of organs and functions.** c\) Study in order to understand health and disease with the involvement of knowledge from the humanities. d\) Inclusion of the patient and his attributes as a person. **9. The psychological model consists of:** a\) The study of the scientific approach of medicine. b\) Research on the biological dimensions of the disease. **c) The study of psychological factors and processes that lead to the appearance, acceleration or slowing down of diseases.** d\) The application in medicine of the analytical method of exact sciences. e\) The application in medicine of the analytical method of the classical sciences of nature. **10. The biopsychosocial model promotes:** a\) The reduction of the human body as an aggregate of organs and functions, without its relationship with the world around. **b) The importance of approaching personal, interpersonal and social aspects to biological phenomena.** c\) Psychological factors and processes that play an essential role in the appearance and evolution of the disease. d\) The application in medicine of the analytical method of the classical sciences of nature. e\) Research on the biological dimensions of the disease. **11. Illness / disease is a condition of the body:** a\) Purely biological. b\) Only psychic phenomenon. c\) Only the result of actions of socio-cultural phenomena. d\) A result of the action of the years on the human body. **e) The biological, psychological and social aspects are integrated in the contemporary conceptualization of the disease.** **12. The bio-psycho-social model defines the disease as:** a\) Disruption of biological functions. **b) Subjective experience resulting from the interaction of the organism as biological from the perspective of the person\'s emotionality and mentalities, in relation to the society and culture of which it is part.** c\) Disruption of psychological and social functions. d\) Consequence of the action of economic factors. e\) The way of behaving towards the morbid entity in the body. **13) What does human behavior include by complexity?** a\) The movements. b\) Actions. c\) Operations and activities. d\) Only actions and movements. **e) Movements, actions, operations and activities.** **14) The socio-cultural factors of major importance in shaping human behavior are:** a\) Affects. b\) Feelings. **c) Family and religion.** d\) Need for defence. e\) The nervous system. **15) The biological factors influencing human behavior are:** **a) Heredity, nervous system and hormones.** b\) Perception. c\) Memory. d\) Thinking. e\) Motivation. **16) The psycho-individual factors influencing human behavior are:** a\) Genetic factors. **b) Cognitive processes, affective and motivational-volitional processes.** c\) Hormones. d\) Friends. e\) Family, society, religion. **17) What are the activities that determine human behavior?** a\) Physical actions. b\) Intellectual actions. c\) Moral action. d\) Only intellectual and moral actions. **e) Physical, intellectual and moral actions.** **18) Human behavior according to the predominance of genesis factors can be:** a\) Conscious or unconscious. b\) Adaptive or deviant. c\) Sanogen. **d) Innate or acquired.** e\) At risk to health. **19) Depending on the influence on health, human behavior can be:** a\) Adaptive or maladapted. **b) Sanogenic or at risk to health.** c\) Movements, actions, operations and activities. d\) Innate. e\) Acquired. **20) Normality in human behavior is explained by:** a\) Behavior characteristic of a certain society. b\) Behavior characteristic of a certain era. c\) Lifestyle for an individual. d\) A way of life for a community. **e) Statistical average, socio-cultural norm, individual-collective norm, norm as adaptability and medical norm.** **21. The criteria for establishing normality are:** a\) Incorrect perception of reality. b\) Unacceptable standards of behavior. c\) The inconsistent level of functioning of an individual over time d\) Non-adaptation to community conditions. **e) Statistical average, socio-cultural norm, individual-collective norm, norm as adaptability and medical norm.** **22. Behavioral normality is established by the following traits:** a\) Non-productivity and lack of ability to create. b\) Inability to self-manage and self-perfection. c\) Incorrect perception of reality. **d) To master the environment and to face the demands of life, to be able to limit one\'s impulses, to be aware of one\'s own limits, to create relationships with other people, to improve oneself, etc.** e\) Losing contact with reality by retiring to one\'s own world and can no longer adapt to social, occupational and cultural norms. **23. Doina Cosman states that the concept of normality can be:** **a) Statistics and socio-cultural, subjective-individual, norm as adaptability and medical norm.** b\) Inborn norm of behavior. c\) Acquired norm of behavior. d\) Norm of behavior with health risk. e\) Norm of sanogenic behavior **24. The medical standard includes:** **a) Complex and dynamic balance of the body with the environment, harmonious interaction of various body systems and their adaptability to the environment.** b\) The human condition. c\) An unhealthy lifestyle. d\) Maintaining enthusiasm for life. e\) A set of actions to obtain a meaningful result. **25. Sanogenic behavior is represented by:** a\) The capacity of awareness and acceptance of one\'s own person. b\) The ability to create emotionally charged relationships. c\) Productivity and creativity of activities. **d) Knowledge, values, beliefs, ideals, actions related to maintaining, restoring or improving health.** e\) The conflicting state of the individual with the social environment. 26\. **What is society?** **a) A unitary, complex, integrated organic ensemble of relations between people, condition and result of their activity of creating material and spiritual goods necessary for their individual and collective living.** b\) The sum of the individuals that make it up. c\) Represents two or more individuals who do not have a common sense of identity and influence each other based on a common set of expectations regarding each other\'s behaviour. d\) All individuals who do not have a common characteristic, a similar status or are not in the same situation. e\) A component part of the universe. **27. Who proposed the notion of sociology?** a\) Aristotle. b\) John Locke. **c) Auguste Compte.** d\) Plato. e\) Max Weber. **28. What does sociology study?** a\) Different aspects and parts of social reality: the human factor, human groups. b\) The general, abstract characteristics of social behaviour, of social relations, groups, collectivities. **c) Society as a whole, its nature and essence, its structure and functions, the way in which it evolves.** d\) The cultural life of man as it is present in society and history, with its objects, ideas and actions. e\) The social values of a special community. **29. What does medical sociology study?** a\) The composition of the human body from a biological point of view, and the distinct features of the human races, the modification of these biological aspects during the evolution of man. b\) The life models of society. **c) Health and disease as human experiences, social institutions in the medical field, the nature of the medical profession and doctor-patient relations.** d\) Structural organisms, chemical processes, molecular interactions, physiological mechanisms, development and evolution. e\) Theoretical and practical problems of medicine related to psychology and psychological problems of sick people that are part of the tasks of diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of diseases. 30. **What is social status?** **a**) Enforcement of the rights and duties associated with the social status of the individual. **b) The position or rank of an individual within a group.** c\) A complex process of becoming human as a social being, of appropriating certain norms and values, of certain social roles. d\) Process of placing individuals in different social strata, placed on an imaginary axis from lower to upper. e\) Freedom of expression. **31. What is the social role?** a\) The position or rank of an individual within a group. b\) A complex process of becoming human as a social being, acquiring certain norms and values, and social roles. **c) The implementation of the rights and duties associated with the social status of the individual.** d\) The transition of an individual from one group to another located at the same level within the social structure. e\) Development of a person\'s social consciousness. **32. List five elements of the social role of the doctor (according to Parsons)** **a) Technical competence, universalism, functional specificity, affective neutrality, orientation towards collectivity** b\) Self-orientation, emotional, managerial competence, static specificity, courage c\) Moral behaviour, universalism, emotional, team orientation, analytical competence d\) Affective neutrality, devotion, sacrifice, team orientation, power. e\) Power, arrogance, amoral, intolerant, emotional behaviour. **33. Patient obedience involves:** a\) Concordance. **b) Submission or servility.** c\) Cooperation. d\) Activity. e\) Mutual acceptance. **34. Patient compliance involves:** a\) Submission or servility. **b) Concordance,** c\) Activity and passivity, d\) Mutual acceptance. e\) Obedience **35. The negotiation is:** **a) Process by which the doctor and the patient reach a compromise.** b\) Process by which the doctor and the patient do not reach a compromise. c\) Process of establishing the diagnosis. d\) Psychological state. e\) Disagreement between patient and doctor. **36. What is the paternalistic relationship between doctor and patient?** **a) A monologue relationship, the decision is made by the doctor.** b\) The patient is a responsible subject and free to make decisions of vital importance. c\) The doctor provides the patient with all relevant information regarding his condition and therapeutic options without considering the patient\'s value system. d\) The doctor behaves like a friend of the patient and tries to convince him to choose the "best" path, taking into account both the information and the medical reasoning and the personal value system of the patient. e\) Interpretation of the patient\'s sufferings. **37. What are the stages of the medical act?** **a) Anamnesis and exploration of symptoms by the doctor, specification of the diagnosis and decision about treatment, compliance with treatment.** b\) Persuasion, negotiation, functional uncertainty. c\) Laboratory tests, the decision regarding treatment, non-copying treatment. d\) Negotiation, non-verbal behaviour, specification of the diagnosis. e\) Informed agreement. **38. What is malpractice?** a\) Insufficient psychological knowledge in the practice of the medical profession, b\) The patient\'s adherence to all the doctor\'s recommendations, c\) Incorrect or negligent treatment applied by a doctor to a patient, which causes him harm of any kind, d\) The patient can convince the doctor that one type of treatment is more effective for his problem than another. e\) Respect for the patient\'s rights. **39. Non-compliance with treatment is:** a\) The process by which the doctor and the patient reach a compromise, b\) The patient\'s adherence to all the doctor\'s recommendations, **c) Failure by the patient, consciously or unconsciously, of the therapeutic recommendations, in terms of quality or quantity.** d\) Determining the nature of the disease. e\) The patient\'s illness experience. **40. Who proposed the transactional health model?** a\) Van Renssellar Poter, b\) T. Szasz and M. H. Hollender, c\) T. Parsons, **d) George Stone.** e\) Hippocrates. **41. What is self-medication?** a\) Characteristic feature of the health-belief model (model of faith in health), **b) Treatment of health problems with medicines specially designed for this purpose, without the supervision of a doctor,** c\) The individual\'s reaction to treatment, d\) Misdiagnosis of a disease. e\) Wrong treatment of the disease. **42. What is medical ethics?** a\) Interdisciplinary scientific orientation, located at the boundaries between philosophy, ethics, biology, medicine, **b) The applied branch of medical ethics, which provides answers and practical solutions for solving ethical problems related to medical activity.** c\) Science that studies health and disease as human experiences. d\) The competence, the professional responsibility of the doctor and his endowment with high ethical-moral qualities. e\) Field of philosophy. **43. Bioethics is:** a\) Medical field that studies health and disease issues. **b) Interdisciplinary field that studies ethical issues related to health/medicine, biomedical research, biotechnologies, environment, etc. generated by scientific progress.** c\) Biological field that studies life from an ethical perspective. d\) Biological field that studies the appearance of life. e\) Field that studies the moral values of man. **44. The father of bioethics is considered:** a\) Van Rensselaer Miller **b) Van Rensselaer Potter** c\) Robert Backer d\) Immanuel Kant e\) Socrates **45. How many statuses can a person occupy?** a\) 2 statuses. b\) 4 statuses **c) A number of statuses equal to the number of social groups to which it belongs.** d\) One status. e\) 3 statuses. **46. Acquired status is:** a\) Between two or more roles played by a person. **b) The one that the individual reaches through his own efforts.** c\) The one owned by the individual in society, regardless of his qualities. d\) A protective process. e\) A formal, unconscious and unintentional process. **47. The ascribed status is:** **a) The one owned by the individual within a society, regardless of his qualities.** b\) A protective process. c\) A formal, conscious and intentional process. d\) The key status e\) Exercising privileges and duties. **48. The first theories of medical sociology were developed by:** **a) T. Parsons, R. K. Merton, Diana Kendall.** b\) Plato, Aristotle, Democritus. c\) John Kepler, Galileo Galilei, Nicolaus Copernicus. d\) T. Hobbes, J. Locke, B. Spinoza. e\) B Russel, L. Wittgenstein, K. R. Popper. 49.**. Medical sociology appears with the publication of the work:** a\) \"The Second Sex\" by Simone de Beauvoir. **b) \"Suicide\" by E. Durkheim.** c\) \"Prince\" Machiavelli. d\) \"Plague\" A. Camus. e\) \"The New Organ\" F. Bacon. **50. The concepts of prescribed status and acquired status have been developed by:** a\) Montesquieu. b\) Weber. c\) Merton d\) N. Miu **e) R. Linton** 51.From a biological point of view, health can be defined as \... **A. a condition of an organism untouched by disease, in which all organs and systems have a normal functionality (organism in homeostasis).** B. the harmony between the daily behavior and the fundamental values of the life assimilated by the individual, representing the state of the organism in which its capacity to work, to study or to carry out the preferred activities is optimal. C. a state of the body in which the individual capacities are optimal for the person to optimally fulfill his social roles (as a friend, neighbor, citizen, husband, parent, citizen, etc.). D. the optimal ability of an individual to effectively perform the roles and tasks for which is socialized. E. a state of balance of the organism given by the adaptation of the individual to the living environment. 52\. From a mental point of view, health can be understood as \.... A. a condition of an organism untouched by disease, in which all organs, and systems have a normal functionality (organism in homeostasis). **B. the harmony between the daily behavior and the fundamental values of the life assimilated by the individual, representing the state of the organism in which its capacity to work, to study or to carry out the preferred activities is optimal.** C. a state of the body in which the individual capacities are optimal for the person to optimally fulfill his social roles (as a friend, neighbor, citizen, husband, parent, citizen, etc.). D. the optimal ability of an individual to effectively perform the roles and tasks for which he was socialized. E. a state of balance of the organism given by the adaptation of the individual to the living environment. 53\. From a social point of view, health can be understood \... A. a condition of an organism untouched by disease, in which all organs, apparatus, and systems function normally (organism in homeostasis). B. the harmony between the daily behavior and the fundamental values of the life assimilated by the individual, representing the state of the organism in which its capacity to work, to study or to carry out the preferred activities is optimal. **C. a state of the body in which the individual capacities are optimal for the person to optimally fulfill his social roles (as a friend, neighbor, citizen, husband, parent, citizen, etc.).** D. the optimal ability of an individual to effectively perform the roles and tasks for which he was socialized. E. a state of balance of the organism given by the adaptation of the individual to the living environment. 54\. What model of medical system does Soviet, French, American have? A. Tolerant. B. Inclusive. C. Integrative. **D. Exclusive.** E. Interactionist. 55\. What model of healthcare system does British and German have? **A. Tolerant.** B. Inclusive. C. Integrative. D. Exclusive. E. Interactionist. 56\. What model of medical health care does Indian, Chinese, and \"third world\" have? A. Tolerant. B. Inclusive. **C. Integrative.** D. Exclusive. E. Interactionist. 57\. In which medical model is it possible to create professional associations for the representatives of any medical system, as well as to create special colleges? A. German. B. French C. American. **D. British.** E. Chinese. 58\. In which medical model was a state and mixed medical system created in which the state grants licenses only to qualified medical schools? A. German. **B. French.** C. American. D. British. E. Indian. 59\. In which medical model were all groups of healers of traditional medicine banned, leaving only one professional association - the Union of Medical Workers? A. German. B. Francez. C. American. D. British. **E. Soviet.** 60\. In what medical model osteopathy as an alternative system of treatment is partially left under the auspices of the church? A. German. B. French. **C. American.** D. British. E. Chinese. 61\. In which medical model does the state license doctors who represent traditional medicine and they only have to take state examinations to know the legislation on the regulation of medical practice? **A. German.** B. French C. American. D. British. E. Chinese. 62\. In which medical model do almost all medical healing systems develop on a religious basis? A. German. B. French C. American. D. British. **E. Indian.** 63\. In which medical model traditional medicin is recognized and integrated into state hospital medicine? A. German. B. French **C. Chinese.** D. American. E. British. 64\. In which medical model do healers in folk medicine try to organize themselves into professional associations and integrate as auxiliary medical staff in the hospital medical system? A. German. B. French. C. American. D. British. **E. Medical models in \"third world\" countries.** 65\. Ethnoiatry is: **A. Domain, which reproduces empirical medical knowledge, archaic, traditional, pre-scientific of the peoples about prevention.** B. Field, which studies cultural and social processes, which are related to the disease. C. Domain, which studies the cultural and social processes, which are related to health. D. Science that studies modern therapeutic medicine, with the endless set of diagnoses and means of experimentation, springing from the practical experience of science. E. All variants. 66\. Biomedicine is: **A. Western medical system or branch of medical science, which applies biological and physiological principles in clinical practice.** B. System, which combines conventional and complementary treatment methods. C. The local system of indigenous beliefs and practices. D. A branch of folk medicine, which applies traditional principles in clinical practice E. Western medical system that combines biological and traditional principles in clinical practice. 67\. Ethnomedicine refers to: **A. The local system of indigenous beliefs and practices.** B. Branch of medical sciences, which applies biological and physiological principles in clinical practice. C. System that combines conventional and complementary treatment methods. D. Traditional Chinese Medicine. E. No variant. 68\. The biomedical system includes: A. Formal institutions based on knowledge and specific medical practices. B. All attitudes regarding disease and health. C. The means of identifying and interpreting the known symptoms of biomedicine. D. Self-medication used in certain cases. **E. All variants.** 69\. The characteristics of the medical systems of complex societies include: A. Folk medicine. B. Professional medicine. C. Folk medicine. **D. All variants.** E. No variant. 70\. The characteristics of local medical systems (according to the Frederick L. Dunn classification) are: A. Widespread geographical and cultural regions (Ayrveda, traditional Chinese medicine). **B. Characteristics of communities of gatherers, farmers and shepherds.** C. Represented by the so-called \"scientific medicine\" or \"biomedicine\", which appeared in the West. D. All variants. E. No variant. 71\. The characteristics of regional medical systems (according to the Frederick L. Dunn classification) are: **A. Widespread geographical and cultural regions (Ayrveda, traditional Chinese medicine).** B. Characteristics of communities of gatherers, farmers and shepherds. C. Represented by the so-called \"scientific medicine\" or \"biomedicine\", which appeared in the West. D. No option. E. All variants. 72\. The characteristics of cosmopolitan medical systems (according to the Frederick L. Dunn classification) are: A. Widespread geographical and cultural regions (Ayrveda, traditional Chinese medicine). B. Characteristics of communities of gatherers, farmers and shepherds. **C. Represented by the so-called \"scientific medicine\" or \"biomedicine\" that appeared in the West.** D. No option. E. All variants. 73\. The syndemia is: A. Method of drug therapy of medicine, through which active doses of pharmacodynamics are used to combat the causes, pathogenic changes and symptoms of diseases. **B. Is the aggregation of two or more concurrent or sequential [epidemics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemics) or disease ** C. Extension of a contagious disease in a short time, due to contamination, to a large number of people in a locality, region, etc. D. Epidemic, which extends over a very large territory, in one country, in several countries or continents. E. No variant. 74\. Medical hegemony can be characterized by: **A. Leadership (management, manipulation) of individuals by imposing certain norms, values, concepts and beliefs on health and well-being.** B. Field of research in the biomedical sciences. C. The tendency of medicine to place itself as a leader in the exact sciences. D. Deprivation of patients\' right to autonomy in the context of treatment decisions. E. The doctor\'s right to practice the profession on his own, without being employed in a medical institution.. 75\. Medicalization refers to: A. Supply of medical institutions with medicines. B. **The process of spreading medical control over the life of the individual and society** C. Strict control of the production, distribution and use of medicines in the company. D. Concomitant use in the treatment of diseases of two or more pharmaceutical preparations with the same therapeutic effect. E. No variant. 76\. Ethnomedicine is the field that studies: **A. A wide range of healthcare systems and structures, practices, beliefs in traditional societies** B. The study of mental illnesses in relation to the social facts of primitive cultures and industrial societies. C. Branch of medicine, which deals with the surveillance of the health of the population in rural areas and isolated communities. D. No option. E. All variants. 77\. Ethnopharmacology is: A. Field of chemistry, which studies medicine from the perspective of defining it as a substance, used for the prophylaxis, treatment and diagnosis of diseases. **B. Research direction, which focuses on the use of drugs by peoples whose perceptions of health and disease differ from those based on the principles of Western science and biomedicine.** C. A field has nothing to do with medical botany, phytochemistry, plant systematics, etc. D. The philosophical analysis of medicinal plants that includes the study of these as objects of culture. E. No variant. 78\. Medical pluralism refers to: **A. The coexistence of several medical subsystems within the medical system or the possibility of the concomitant existence of local, regional and cosmopolitan systems within the same system.** B. The simultaneous existence of both public and private medical services. C. Concomitant use of biomedical and complementary / alternative concepts of disease and cure. D. No option. E. All variants. 79.Which one from the following authors for the first time formed the concept of "intercultural communication"? : a\) Denis McQuail. b\) Leonard Saules. c\) Shanon-Weaver. d\) **T. H. Hall** e\) Samuel C. Serto. 80\. When the "intercultural concept" was established. a) 1879 b) 1897 c) 1903 d) 1932 **e) 1959** 81\. Apart from the phrase \"intercultural communication\", what notion is used in the literature?: a) Interstate communication b) Interethnic communication c) Interpersonal communication d) **International communication** e) Intercommunity communication 1. A part of which science is intercultural communication?: a) Social science b) Political science c) Juridical science d) Humanistic science e) **Cultural science** 83\. Which one from the following authors discovered 164 definitions of culture , that belongs to different philosophers , anthropologists , culturologists , historics , etc: 84. Which one from the following authors approaches culture as an "common remedy in which human groups learn to organize their behavior and thinking according to their environment. a) Leonard Saules. b) Shanon-Weaver. c) Samuel C. Serto. d) **Michael Howard ** e) Fernando Ortiz. 85. Which one from the following authors approaches culture as " a series of rules or standards shared by the members of a society and which influence them , establishes behaviors that are considered suitable or accepted": a) Denis McQuail. b) Leonard Saules. ** c) William Haviland** d) Samuel C. Serto. e) Michael Howard. 86\. What does multiculturalism mean?: a**) Cohabitation of some different cultures within the limits of a social system no matter if this cohabitation is peaceful or conflictual.** b) Peaceful cohabitation of some different cultures within the limits of a political system. c) Conflictual cohabitation of some different cultures within the limits of a political system. d) Cohabitation of some complementary cultures within the limits social indifferent system if this cohabitation is peaceful or conflictual. e) Cohabitation of some identical cultures within the limits of a social system if this cohabitation is peaceful or conflictual. 87. When and where the term multicultural society was established? a) 1848 , France, b) 1865 , England, c) 1893 , Germany, d) 1904 , Italy, **e) 1941 , USA. ** 88. When and where was for the first time established the term multicultural society ? a) 1844 , France, b) 1875 , England, c) 1912 , Germany, d) 1936 , USA, ** e) 1964 , Canada**. 89. Indicate the models of a multicultural society: a) The integrative model, the interactive model, the transcendental model, ** b) The assimilationist model, the cross-cultural model, the apartheid model,** c) The polycultural model, the intercultural model, the intracultural structure d) The cosmopolitan model, the interciliation model, the acultural model, e) Extracultural model, Intracivilizational model, Extracivilizational model. 90. Specify the period of time when the transcultural term was established: a) First part of 50's of XIX century, b) Middle part of 60's of XIX century, c) The end of 90's of XIX century, d) First part of 20's of XX century, **e) First part of 40's of XX century.** 91. Check the author who established the transcultural term: a) Denis McQuail, b) Leonard Saules, ** c) Fernando Ortiz,** d) Shanon-Weaver, e) Samuel C. Serto. 92. What perception stands out through a remarkable importance in intercultural communication? a) Cultural perception, b) Racial perception, c) Ethnical perception, ** d) Social perception,** e) Axiological perception. 93. Specify the common forms of nonverbal intercultural communication in the speciality literature: a) gesture, ** b) Prosody and extralinguistic** c) Takezica d) Mimics e) Proxemics 94. Check the author who established the proxemic term: a) A. Gilgen , b) Leonard Saules, c) Fernando Ortiz, d) **Edward T. Hall,** e) Larry Samovar. 95. How is named the discipline that studies use of time in non-verbal intercultural communication?: a) Oculezics b) Prosodics and extralinguistics c) Takezix **d) Chronemics** e) Proxomics 96. Highlight two basic models of usage of the time in different cultures?: ** a) Monochronic, Polychronic,** b) Monochronic, Polychronic, c) Bichronic, Trichronic, d) Trichronic, Polychronic, e) Monochronic, Trichronic. 97. To which model usage of the time does europeans belog?: ** a) monochronic** b) bichronic c) trichronic d) cvadrichronic e) polychronic 98. Whose model use of the time belong to the African?: a) monochronic b) bichronic c) trichronic d) cvadrichronic **e) polychromic.** 99. What countries refer to moderate monochronic societies?: a) Great Britain,USA, ** b) France, Italy,** c) Greece,Serbia d) Turkey, Syria, e) Holland, Belgium 100.What countries refer to monochronic societies with one polychronic component quite present ?: ** a) Germany France Switzerland Spain,** b) Iran, Azerbajan, Armenia. c) Argentina, Brasil, Peru, d) Mexic, USA, Canada, e**)** Japan, India, China. 101\. In which country in many of universities of medicine is surrendering from the first year of college a obligatory class of intercultural communication competence?: a) Great Britain b) France ** c) USA** d) Italy e) Spain 102\. Which one from the great doctors said that "If you induce to a hindu person the slavonic kind than the hindu will either fell sick or die?: a) Hippocrate, **b) Avicena,** c) Galenus, d) Paracelsius, e) Rhazes, 103\. Tick the recommendation not to be used in the doctor\'s communication with patients of other ethnicities: a) the doctor is to take into account the type of culture, ethnicity, religious denomination in intercultural communication with the patient, b) in his activity, the doctor must be tolerant towards the manifestation of traditional and religious models in the behavior of patients, c) the doctor must be careful in determining his ethnicity and confessional affiliation, to do so only in cases where these data are used for the benefit of the patient, d) the doctor must be restrained in the manifestation of emotions, it is not recommended that the discussion be accompanied by comments of an appreciative and diagnostic nature, ** e) the doctor should not be restrained in the manifestation of emotions, it is recommended the discussion to be accompanied by comments with an appreciative and diagnostic character.** **104. The culture of behavior constitutes:** **A. Actions and forms of communication of people based on morality, aesthetic taste and compliance with certain rules and regulations.** **B. Actions and forms of communication of people based on profit, taste for gain and compliance with certain rules and regulations.** **C. The forms of professional communication determined by a political regime, it establishes the aesthetic taste and the observance of certain norms and rules for the realization of the strategic provisions.** **D. Behavioral actions of people based on various group interests and compliance with certain rules and regulations of domination of society.** **E. Behavioral acts of social strata meant to promote the aesthetic taste of the group and its imposition to respect certain norms and rules of eugenic character.** **105. The true culture of behavior is:** **A. The organic unity of a person\'s internal and external culture, the ability to find the right line of behavior even in a non-standard and sometimes extreme situation.** **B. The dominant unit of a person\'s culture through which he disrespectfully determines what is right in a standard and sometimes extreme situation.** **C. A person\'s formal culture and ability to find a comfortable line for oneself in a non-standard situation.** **D. A person\'s ability to make a profit in any situation.** **E. A person\'s ability to find a behavior to dominate colleagues.** **106. In each company, the etiquette has developed:** **A. Gradually as a system of rules of conduct, a system of permissions and prohibitions that organize moral and ethical norms as a whole: protect the little ones, take care of your wife, respect the elders, be kind to others, do not offend those who depend on you, be diligent, conscientious, etc.** **B. Gradually as a system of behavioral rules, a system of prohibitions that protects the strongest, sometimes vulnerable if useful, etc.** **C. Closely related to the interests of a caste and is a system of rules of conduct, a system of permits for members of the caste and prohibitions for outsiders and which organizes rules of conduct in society.** **D. Spontaneously as a system of rules of conduct, a system of permissions and prohibitions that organize moral and ethical norms as a whole: protect the little ones, take care of the wife, respect the elders, be kind to others, do not offend those who depend on you, be diligent, conscientious, etc.** **E. As a system of rules of conduct, a system of unilateral interests that protects the influential, respects the elderly only for certain benefits, etc.** **107. The word \"etiquette\" is understood to mean:** **A. A set of rules of behavior regarding the external manifestation of attitudes towards people (relationships with others, forms of addresses and greetings, behavior in public places, manners and clothes).** **B. The dominant unit of a person\'s culture through which he disrespectfully determines what is right in a standard and sometimes extreme situation.** **C. A person\'s formal culture and ability to find a comfortable line only for oneself in a non-standard situation.** **D. A system of rules of conduct, a system of unilateral interests that protects those affected, respects the elderly only for certain benefits.** **E. A person\'s ability to find a behavior to dominate colleagues.** **108. Being a cultural standard, the label can be interpreted as:** **A. A system of rules of behavior adopted in special cultural circles that make up a whole.** **B. Behavioral acts of social strata designed to promote the aesthetic taste of the group and its imposition to respect certain norms and rules of a eugenic nature.** **C. A person\'s formal culture and ability to find the comfortable line only for oneself in a non-standard situation.** **D. A system of rules of conduct, a system of unilateral interests that protects those affected, respects the elderly only for certain benefits.** **E. A person\'s ability to find a behavior to dominate colleagues.** **109. Identify items that match the label:** **A. Greeting, vulnerability, presentation, behavior at work, behavior in the informal space, behavior in public transport, confidential behavior, etc.** **B. Autonomy, addressing, lying, behavior at work, behavior in public space, behavior in public transport, behavior in hospitality, etc.** **C. Greeting, addressing, presentation, hypocritical behavior, behavior in public space, behavior in public transport, metaphysical behavior, etc.** **D. Greeting, addressing, etiquette, universal behavior, behavior in the minority space, behavior in public transport, behavior in hospitality, etc.** **E. Greeting, addressing, presentation, behavior at work, behavior in public space, behavior in public transport, behavior in hospitality, etc.** 110\. What is the main rule of behavior on the street? A. To cause inconvenience and trouble to others. B. Do not cause good and benefit to others. C. Do not cause individual discomfort and problems, only to others. D. To marginalize the possibilities of others. **E. Do not cause trouble to others**. 111\. Choose the main and essential element of your clothing: **A. Simplicity.** B. Arrogance. C. Superiority. D. Autonomy. E. Grandomania. 112\. The language of dress involves: **A. Elegance, subtlety, restraint, practicality.** B. Elegance, superiority, restraint, practicality. C. Elegance, subtlety, autonomy, practicality. D. Elegance, confusion, restraint, practicality. E. Elegance, subtlety, restraint, grandiosity. 113\. Identify the message that a men\'s wardrobe needs to convey: A. Stability, confusion, permanence. B. Stability, frustration, permanence. C. Stability, security, arrogance. D. Stability, security, uncertainty. **E. Stability, safety, perenniality.** 114\. An elegant woman is always dressed and behaves in accordance with: **A. A specific situation, with its own position and age.** B. The idea that all situations are standard and does not require adjusting the wardrobe C. A specific situation, with its own position that inferentially age I can dress as I want. D. A standard situation with my own position that different from the context I can behave as I want. E. Personal skill is important to attract as much attention as possible. 115\. According to the dictionary an image is: **A. The set of affective and rational representations, associated by an individual with a brand, a product, an enterprise, an idea.** B. A person\'s formal culture and ability to find a comfortable line only for oneself in a non-standard situation. C. The set of rules of conduct, a system of unilateral interests that protects those affected, respects the elderly only for certain benefits. D. A person\'s ability to find himself to dominate colleagues. E. A unit of a person\'s informal abilities and subjective cognitive interests in his profession. 116\. Self-representation has the following basic components: **A. The intimate self and the public self.** B. The metaphysical self and the autonomous self. C. The family self and the professional self. D. The unconscious self and the subconscious self. E. The common self and the social self. 117\. The imaging process includes the following steps: **A. Individualization, emphasis and promotion ,.** B. Marking and distortion. C. Imposition, assistance and overload. D. Work, obedience and autonomy. E. Mimicking tasks, formalizing and efforting. 118\. The image of a doctor is valuable in that: **A. Expresses certain mental ideas about the state of the medical profession and medicine in general, their social status and cultural purpose.** B. It manifests itself in certain situations that endanger the individual health or those of the person\'s entourage. C. Expresses certain metaphysical ideas about the medical profession and medicine in general. D. Expresses some nostalgic ideas about the state of the medical profession in the past and medicine in general, their social status and cultural purpose. E. Expresses some affective and subconscious ideas about the state of the medical profession and medicine in general, their social status and cultural purpose. 119\. By the term \'medical vocation\' we mean: **A. A unit of a physician\'s natural abilities and subjective cognitive interests in his profession.** B. The formalized culture of the doctor and the ability to find the comfortable line only for himself in the relationship with the patient. C. The set of rules of conduct, a system of unilateral interests that protects physicians, respects patients only for certain benefits. D. The doctor\'s habit of finding himself to dominate colleagues and patients. E. The formal abilities and subjective interests of the physician in his profession. 120\. Health risk behavior is: **A. The way to act or manifest in certain situations that endanger the individual health or those of the person\'s entourage.** B. The way to act or to manifest in certain situations that do not endanger the individual health or those of the person\'s entourage. C. The way to act or manifest in certain situations that endanger the health of the individual, but not those of a person\'s entourage. D. The way to act or manifest in certain situations that do not endanger the health of the individual, but of those around the person puts it. E. The way to act or to manifest in certain situations, different from other persons that in my opinion do not endanger the individual health or those of the person\'s entourage. 121\. What is meant by the notion of deviance? **A. Conduct that deviates from the allowed rules and that at a certain stage becomes harmful to the health and life of the individual, putting him in imminent danger.** B. Conduct that does not deviate from the rules allowed and that at a certain stage does not become detrimental to the health and life of the individual. C. Conduct that involves subjective opinions about the rules allowed and that at some stage could become harmful to the health and life of the individual, but does not put him in imminent danger. D. Conduct that deviates from the allowed rules and that at a certain stage does not become harmful to the health and life of the individual, putting them in imminent danger. E. Conduct that deviates from the rules allowed and which at a certain stage under subjective infancy does not become harmful to the health and life of the individual, but could put him in imminent danger. 122\. What is meant by deviant behavior? A. Way of being, conduct by which the individual does not deviate from the rules in force and, as a result, can not cause negative effects, disastrous for his own life and health or those of those around him. **B. Mode of action, conduct by which the individual deviates from the rules in force and, as a result, may cause negative effects, disastrous for life and health of himself or those around him.** C. A way of life or conduct by which a person respects social norms and because of this is not well seen by those around him. D. Behavioral act that appropriately reveals decency in a professional context and determines altruism in the exercise of the profession. E. A way of showing respect for professional rules and, as a result, does not harm those around you. 123\. What is harmful behavior for health? **A. The action of the individual by which it harms his health.** B. An action intentionally created by the patient in the context of a medical dialogue, in order to avoid or get more time to respond to the doctor. C. An action created intentionally in the context of a dialogue, with the aim of gaining health benefits at all costs. D. An action created intentionally in the context of a dialogue, with the aim of imposing positions or gaining adherence to treatment. E. An action created intentionally in the context of a medical professional dialogue, in order to train thinking or gain medical experience. 124\. The notion of risk means: A. The way of life or conduct by which a person respects social norms and because of this is not well seen by those around him. B. Behavioral act that properly reveals decency in a professional context and determines altruism in the exercise of the profession. **C. Possibility of reaching a danger, damage or danger.** D. Way of acting, conduct by which the individual deviates from the rules in force. E. Conduct involving subjective opinions about the rules allowed. 125\. Behavioral change involves: A. Changing beliefs about work experience. **B. Change in conduct, behavior, resulted from circumstances, momentary or gradual beliefs, education or information.** C. Possibility of reaching a danger, damage or danger. D. Way of acting, conduct by which the individual deviates from the rules in force. E. Conduct involving subjective opinions about the rules allowed. 126\. How is the personality disorder appreciated by the society? **A. Personality disorders are considered by society to be abnormal and destructive.** B. Personality disorders are considered by the community to be abnormal but permissible. C. Personality disorders are appreciated by the community as a majority determination over a minority. D. Personality disorders are considered by society to be destructive only to professionals. E. Personality disorders are appreciated by a group of influential people in relation to uncomfortable people. 127\. What is domestic violence? A. Harmful, but not violent, permissive actions, manifested between members of the same family. **B. Harmful, violent actions, aggressive behaviors, manifested between members of the same family.** C. Harmful, violent actions, aggressive behaviors, manifested among community members. D. Harmful, violent actions, aggressive behaviors, manifested among members of a team. E. Harmful, indulgent actions, aggressive behaviors, manifested not among members of the same family. 128\. Identify some forms of domestic abuse: A. Observed, unobserved and determined. B. Voluntary, involuntary and transient. **C. Physical, sexual, psychological or emotional, etc.** D. Laughter, crying, whispering, sighing, etc. E. Intensity, height and extent of violence. F. A number of gestures that are irrelevant to those involved in violence. 129\. Physical abuse of children in the family is usually justified by the parents by the desire to: A. Protect children. **B. Discipline of children.** C. Motivate children. D. Remunerate children. E. Induce fear. 130\. What is homosexuality? A. A sexual orientation that involves sexual attraction to people of the opposite sex. B. A dual sexual manifestation. **C. A sexual orientation that involves sexual attraction to people of the same sex.** D. A sexual orientation that involves sexual attraction to minors. E. A sexual orientation that involves sexual attraction to animals. 131\. What is pedophilia? A. A sexual orientation that involves sexual attraction to animals. **B. A sexual orientation that involves sexual attraction to children.** C. A dual sexual manifestation. D. A sexual orientation that involves sexual attraction to people of the same sex. E. A sexual orientation that involves sexual attraction to people of the opposite sex. 132\. What is meant by the notion of incest? A. When sexual intercourse is committed with animals. **B. When sexual intercourse is committed with close relatives.** C. When sexual intercourse is committed with persons of the same sex. D. When sexual intercourse is committed with persons of the opposite sex. E. When sexual intercourse is committed with deceased persons. 133\. Curative nutrition ensures: A. Aggravation of the pathological condition of the body, unbalances vital processes, helps the appearance of dysfunctions of vital processes. B. The onset of obesity and diabetes. **C. Improving the pathological condition of the body, regulates vital processes, prevents the occurrence of dysfunctions of vital processes.** D. It induces the increase of cholesterol values and favors the appearance of cardiovascular diseases. E. Increased intake of foods rich in carbohydrates, fats and salt. 134\. At the behavioral level, drug addiction is manifested by: A. Improving the pathological condition of the body, regulates vital processes, prevents the occurrence of dysfunctions of vital processes. **B. Indifference, loss of interest in certain activities, depression, amnesia, anxiety, difficulty concentrating.** C. Dellirum tremens, alcoholic hallucinosis, obsessive jealousy. D. Korsakov\'s syndrome, Wernicke\'s encephalopathy, causes osteoporosis, causes an unpleasant odor in the oral cavity. E. Chronic bronchitis, determines the risk of lung and buccalaryngeal cancer, etc. 135\. Identify the consequences of smoking: A. Improving the pathological condition of the body, regulates vital processes, prevents the occurrence of dysfunctions of vital processes, etc. B. Indifference, loss of interest in certain activities, depression, amnesia, anxiety, etc. C. Dellirum tremens, alcoholic hallucinosis, obsessive jealousy. D. Korsakov syndrome, Wernicke\'s encephalopathy, etc. **E. Chronic bronchitis, determines the risk of lung and buccalaryngeal cancer, causes osteoporosis, causes unpleasant odor in the oral cavity, etc.** 136\. Identify the causes of smoking: **A. Psychological and biological.** B. Moral and professional. C. Collective and individual. D. Religious and medical. E. Observed, unobserved and determined. 137\. Addiction is characterized by: **A. Addiction to substances such as alcohol, tobacco, drugs, inhalants, medicines, games or \'addictive\' activities.** B. Dellirum tremens, alcoholic hallucinosis, obsessive jealousy. C. Korsakov syndrome, Wernicke encephalopathy, etc. D. Refrain from consuming substances such as alcohol, tobacco, drugs, inhalants, medicines, games or \"addictive\" activities. E. Dependence on the consumption of water, food, vitamins, minerals, etc. 138\. Drug addiction can be characterized as: A. A dependence on the consumption of water, food, vitamins, minerals, etc. **B. A condition that requires continued drug use, characterized by specific mental and somatic reactions.** C. A process of inhaling the combustion smoke of tobacco, in order to obtain the expected and fixed psychological and biological effects. D. A stage of the smoking experience, when constant addiction and excessive cigarette consumption are formed. E. A medical action to remove and eliminate toxins from the body. 139\. What is pharmacophobia? A. A medical action to remove and eliminate toxins from the body. **B. Fear of using medication.** C. A condition that requires continued drug use. D. Co-administration of two or more drugs. E. Concrete administration of a drug to achieve somatic or mental effects. 140\. The placebo effect means: A. Fear of using medication. B. A condition that requires continued drug use. C. Co-administration of two or more drugs. **D. Administration of an inert (neutral) preparation, e.g. chalk, sugar, etc.** E. Concrete administration of a drug to achieve somatic or mental effects. 141\. The criteria for classifying deviant conduct are: **A. According to the forms of manifestation, according to the content of manifestation and according to the severity of realization.** B. According to the status of the individual in society and its impact. C. According to the forms of manifestation, according to the axiological intensity and according to the effects for the society. D. According to the etiological indices, according to the impact for the family and after the servitude of the realization. E. According to the profession, according to the social status and according to the role conflict. 142\. According to the forms of manifestation, the deviant behavior can be: A. In social form; simulation and sinisterosis; non-destructive and self-harm; heterodestructive; passive and nonviolent. **B. In particular form; simulation and sinisterosis; self-destructive and self-mutilating; heterodestructive; aggressive and violent.** C. In social form; of manifestation; destructive and mutilating the family; passive and nonviolent. D. In familiar form; simulation; regulatory and self-awareness; heterodestructive; passive and nonviolent. E. In community form; self-manifestation; self-destructive; heterodestructive; insistent and conflicting. 143\. Depending on the content of the event, the deviant behavior may be: **A. Aggressive, non-aggressive; with fraud or theft; violation of norms (rules).** B. Morale; immoral and professional. C. Familiare; collective and individual. D. Psychological; religious and medical. E. Observe; unnoticed and determined. 144\. Depending on the severity of the achievement, the deviant behavior may be: A. Morale;immoral and professional. B. Family collective and individual. **C. Mild, moderate and severe.** D. Psychological; religious and medical. E. Observe; unnoticed and determined. 145\. The ethical principle of autonomy presupposes: **A. Respect for the person\'s right to self-determination.** B. Respect for the property right of the person. C. Respect for the doctor\'s right to unhindered experimental intervention. D. Restricting the person\'s freedom. E. No variant. 146\. The principle of charity presupposes: **A. The obligation to help others to promote their important and legitimate interests, the duty to avoid evil or harm, and to do and promote good.** B. The obligation to privilege and promote the good of only one person. C. The obligation to privilege and promote the good of only a social stratum. D. The obligation to promote the important and legitimate interests of one institution to the detriment of another. E. No variant. 147\. The principle of justice presupposes: **A. Equitable distribution of goods, resources and services (ex: medical).** B. That the benefits and risks in the clinic are balanced. C. Privileged distribution of medical resources and services. D. Non-transparent distribution of material resources. E. There are no answer options. 148\. Rules / rule according to which the equitable distribution of resources can be made are / are: A. To each person equally. B. To each person according to needs. C. To each person depending on the effort. D. To each person according to the contribution. **E. All variants.** 149\. The concept of textual bioethics means: **A. Ethics of life.** B. The ethics of death. C. The ethics of virtue. D. Deontological ethics. E. No variant. 150\. A pioneer of local bioethics, who advocates the broad concept of bioethics, is: A. Ana Pascaru **B. Teodor Țîrdea** C. Gheorge Bobina D. Eudochia Saharneanu E. No variant A. MULTIPLE COMPLEMENT (more correct answers are possible) **1. What is the contribution of behavioral sciences to medicine?** **A. Systemic investigation of risk factors for human health.** **B. Modification of behavioral factors involved in health and the occurrence of** **diseases.** **C. Understanding and using behavioral and social processes to predict or influence** **health and disease risk factors.** D. To substantiate empirical knowledge in medicine. E. Professional satisfaction 2\. What is the object of study of the discipline Communication and Behavior in medicine? **A. Elucidation of the behavioral and communication phenomenon in complexity.** B. Integration of medical knowledge for the purpose of treatment and prevention of diseases. **C. Identifying the factors that contribute to shaping human behavior.** **D. Explaining the variety of behavior and defining it within the limits of the** normal-abnormality dichotomy. E. The study of the lifestyle and of the ecological, political, geographical, administrative factors, etc. 3\. Behaviorism is: A. Study on human behavior in medical terms. **B. A scientific view that considers external behavior as its exclusive object,without resorting to the cerebral mechanisms of consciousness or to internal mental processes.** **C. Psychological current that changed the object of knowledge, replacing** **consciousness with the only one that can be perceived and measured - behavior.** D. Field that studies human behavior in the cultural context. E. Theory that investigates complex normal or pathological behaviors and the mental processes involved in their generation or support. 4\. From what perspective do behavioral sciences contribute to physician training: **A. Perceptions of the patient as a subject of suffering investigation.** **B. Forming an alliance with the sick person in the fight against pain, illness and death.** C. Examination of the patient only as an object of diagnosis and treatment. D. Of the criminal responsibility of the doctor. **E. Have empathy with patients.** 5\. The concept of behavior of J.B. Watson represents: **A. Total noticeable reactions of the body as a result of its exposure toenvironmental stimulants.** **B. External, environmental influences (sets of stimuli) determine the content of the childrens behavior and the nature of his development.** C. The psychological content of the behavior. D. Dependence of behavior on the influence of external and social factors-stimuli: the basic scheme ;stimulus -- reaction. E. The focus of the analysis was shifted from hypothetical internal causes to the influence of the external environment. 6\. Clinical research in Behavioral Sciences refers to: **A. Identifying and understanding the risk and protective factors involved in the onset and evolution of the disease.** **B. The study of the effects of poor physical condition or disease on behavior.** **C. Evaluation of behavioral and social interventions aimed at treating diseases orimproving the patient condition.** **D. Behavioral and social interventions to promote health.** E. The study of economic influence on health institutions and organizations. 7\. B.F. Skinner presents the behavior as: **A. Internal action of the body: way of thinking, emotions, representations, etc.** B. As a whole of the body actions as a result of its exposure to environmental factors. C. Observable reactions of the body to the action of stimuli. D. A phenomenon that can be cultivated-controlledor learned. E. Operant conditioning, shaped by its consequences. 8\. K. Lewin explains human behavior: A. As a result of the appearance of reflexes conditioned by previous experiences (stimuli). **B. As a function of the person in his environment.** **C. The result of the forces acting on the body depending on the situation or social** **environment, as a result of the action of the psychological factor.** **D. As being influenced by values, motives, goals, moods, fears, etc. of the person.** E. A phenomenon that can be cultivated-controlled or learned. 9\. Human behavior is the result of the body&\#39;s interaction with: **A. Social and cultural environment.** **B. The natural environment.** **C. Psychic processes.** **D. Individual peculiarities.** E. The action of the defensive instinct. 10\. Existing models for understanding disease and health are: A. The model that applies the analytical method of the human sciences. **B. Biomedical.** **C. Psychological.** **D. Biopsychosocial.** E. The model that applies the analytical method of classical human sciences. 11\. What kind of method is applied in the biomedical model: A. Synergetic method. **B. The analytical method of the exact sciences.** **C. The analytical method of the classical sciences of nature.** D. The dialectical method. E. The hermeneutic method. 12\. The biomedical model focuses on: **A. Treatment of the disease.** **B. Non-acceptance of the patient and his attributes as a person.** C. Psychosocial factors. **D. Reduction of the human body to an object or aggregate of organs and functions.** E. The social dimension. 13\. Biological factors that contribute to behavior modeling: A**. Hereditary (genetic) factor.** B. The immune system. **C. Neurological factors.** **D. The endocrine system (hormones).** E. The humoral system. 14\. The psychological model has the following important objectives: A. Treatment of the morbid organism. **B. Promoting healthy behaviors and lifestyles**. C. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases. **D. Disease prevention and treatment.** E. Psychological assistance. 15\. The psycho-individual factors that influence human behavior are: A. Neurotransmitters. **B. Motivational-volitional processes.** C. The nervous system. **D. Affective processes.** **E. Cognitive processes.** 16\. The factors that have contributed to the development of health psychology are: **A. The cause of mortality.** **B. Some economic factors.** **C. Development of psychology.** D. World Health Organization. E. The American Congress. 17\. The biopsychosocial model integrates the aspects: **A. The biological aspect.** B. Aesthetic aspect. **C. The psychological aspect.** D. The religious aspect. **E. The social aspect.** 18\. The most important socio-cultural factors in shaping human behavior are: **A. Nature or community, society.** **B. Religion.** C. Culturology. **D. Family members.** **E. Lookalikes.** 19\. Types of behaviors can be classified into: **A. Sanogenic or health risk behavior.** B. Genetics. **C. Adaptive or deviant.** D. Subjective manifestations of people without externalizing their psychic life. E. The set of manifestations that do not correspond to reality. 20\. The medical norm is: **A. Complex and dynamic balance of the body as a whole of active interference** **with the environment.** **B. The harmonious collaboration of different systems in the body and theirrealization based on adaptive resources and compensatory mechanisms in the body.** C. Criterion of appreciation. D. Minimum conditions for obtaining a degree. E. Minimum conditions for obtaining an assessment. 21\. The latin "Societas" means: **A. Fellowship.** **B. Union.** **C. Society.** D. Socialization. E. Systemic. 22\. What is the object of sociology? A. Relationship models. B. The meanings and ways of cognitive organization of the world. C. Meaningful social action. D. Health and disease as human experiences. E. Illness as a social problem. 23\. The first researchers in medical sociology were: A. Talcott Parsons B. Maria Bulgaru C. Robert K. Merton D. Diana Kendall E. Immanuel Kant 24\. What are the social causes of the development of medical sociology as a science: A. The emergence of the modern hospital. B. The medicalization of society. C. Changing the way of financing in medicine. D. The emergence of problems with legal and ethical connotations. E. Statistical analysis of morbidity. 25\. The types of statuses are: A. Private. B. Acquired. C. Attributed. D. Social. E. Medical. 26\. Acquired statuses are: A. Shoemaker. B. Medic. C. Princess. D. Nationality E. Chef. 27\. Prescribed statuses are: A. Nationality. B. Married. C. Religion. D. Genus. E. The role. 28\. The forms of role conflict are manifested: A. Between two or more roles played by a person. B. Between requirements that configure the same role. C. Between the number of statuses and the number of roles. D. In a social group. E. In the medical team. 29\. The ways to overcome the role conflict at individual level are: A. Communication. B. Rationalization. C. Compartmentation. D. Adjudication. E. Capitalization. 30\. The physician-patient relationship models described by T. Szasz and M. N. Hollender are: A. Obedience. B. Activity-passivity. C. Leadership-cooperation. D. Mutual participation. E. Antipaternalistic. 31\. The interpretive aspects of bioethics are: A. Complex meanings. B. Wide sense. C. Narrow sense. D. Wide appearance and narrow appearance. E. Multiple aspect. 32\. The broad principles of bioethics are: A. The biosphere-centric and coevolutionist principle. B. The principles of morality and integrity. C. The principle of freedom and responsibility. D. The principle of vulnerability. E. The principle of development. 33\. Two senses of vulnerability are: A. Exceeding the anthropocentric postulate. B. The harmonious existence between man and nature. C. Characteristic of any living being. D. Vulnerability of separate groups of people. E. Responsibility for animals and plants. 34\. The documents that regulate the activity of the medical worker are: A. The law on patient rights and responsibilities. B. The Deontological Code of the Association of Physicians of the Republic of Moldova. C. The code of ethics of the average nurse. D. Framework Code of Ethics for Medical and Pharmaceutical Workers. E. Constitution of the Republic of Moldova 35\. Non-compliance compromises the therapeutic outcome and leads to: A. Aggravation of the disease. B. Unnecessary suffering. C. Decreased quality of life. D. High economic costs. E. Development. 36\. Types of medical practices known in the Republic of Moldova: A. Clinical medical practices, common to public hospitals and licensed private clinics. B. "Traditional medicine" practices, permitted by law and implemented in both special and private medical centers. C. Healing practices. D. Shamanic practices. E. Practices of folk medicine. 37\. What are the most important groups of medical systems? A. Exclusive. B. Inclusive. C. Integrative. D. Tolerant. E. Interactionists. 38\. What factors contribute to the approach of medical-anthropological problems in the Republic of Moldova? A. The traditional attention of local ethnologists of folk medicine. B. Musical cultural practices of ethnic minorities. C. Rehabilitation practices of folk medicine. D. The health of social groups in the local urban environment. E. The interest of local bioethics in addressing such issues as disease, death, and the cultural implications of new medical technologies. 39\. Classification of systems according to anthropologist Allan Young: A. Internalist. B. Externalists. C. Opened. D. Closed. E. Linear. 40\. Internalist medical systems address: A. A physiological entity, located at the biological level. B. An individual problem, and health is outside of social problems. C. Process, determined by internal forces: vital fluids, organ pathologies, cellular and genetic structures. D. Analyze the disease in a social context. E. Characteristic of ancient and traditional societies. 41\. External medical systems address the disease: A. Holistically. B. In the social context. C. Being determined by supernatural forces, and the sphere of health is related to other cultural fields, namely, religion. D. As a physiological entity, located at the biological level. E. Being determined by internal forces: vital fluids, pathologies of organs, cellular and genetic structures. 42\. Naturalistic medical systems (according to George M. Foster&\#39;s classification) represent the disease: A. As a result of the influence of the forces of nature: cold, heat. B. As a result of an imbalance in the lumen body. C. As a phenomenon caused by supernatural beings (deities). D. Being caused by non-human beings (ghosts, ancestors, evil spirits). E. Being caused by humans (wizards). 43\. Paternalistic models (according to George M. Foster&\#39;s classification) represent: A. Explain the cause of disease the forces of nature: cold, heat. B. The disease is the result of an imbalance in the human body. C. Consider the disease a right phenomenon caused by supernatural beings (deities). D. Disease is caused by non-human beings (ghosts, ancestors, evil spirits). E. The disease is caused by humans (wizards). 44\. The components of an ecosystem are: A. Biotic. B. Bioethics. C. Abiotic. D. Ecological. E. Cultural 45\. The field of issues studied by Critical Medical Anthropology includes: A. Alcoholism and drug abuse among children and adolescents. B. Medicinal treatment of pregnant women. C. Health problems caused by environmental pollution. D. Occupational / occupational diseases and social diseases. E. Promoting the biomechanical medical system. 46\. Identify the related meanings of the term "biomedicine": A. Homeopathic medicine. B. Allopathic medicine. C. Scientific medicine. D. Modern medicine. E. Cosmopolitan medicine. 47\. The characteristic features of biomedical thinking are: A. Individualism. B. Holism. C. Pragmatism. D. Empiricism and mechanical perception of the body. E. Emotional minimalism. 48\. Medical hegemony can be characterized by: A. Leading (managing, manipulating) individuals by imposing certain norms, values, concepts and beliefs about health and disease. B. Field of research in biomedical sciences. C. The tendency of medicine to place itself as a leader among the exact sciences. D. Establishing concrete ideas about bodily and mental normality and pathology. E. Deprivation of patients&\#39; right to autonomy in the context of treatment decisions. 49\. Medicalization refers to: A. Supply of medical institutions with medicines. B. The process of spreading medical control over the life of the individual and society. C. Assimilation by individuals of the medical style of thinking to explain most existing problems. D. Strict control of the production, distribution and use of medicines in society. E. Concomitant use in the treatment of diseases of two or more pharmaceutical preparations with the same therapeutic effect. 50\. Ethnomedicine is the field that studies: A. The meanings (meanings) that people have put into ideas and stories about disease. B. The body of knowledge about health beliefs and practices in traditional societies. C. Mental illnesses in relation to social facts, typical of primitive cultures and industrial societies. D. The types of traditional healers (chiropractors, shamans, clairvoyants, etc.) and the methods used by them. E. Health of the rural population and isolated communities. 51\. Ethnopsychiatry is a field of anthropology that studies: A. How different cultures perceive and treat mental illness or abnormal behaviors. B. The human mind and behavior. C. Mental illnesses in relation to social facts, peculiar to primitive cultures and industrial societies. D. Mental functions and processes, inner and subjective experiences - such as thoughts, emotions, consciousness, motivation, perception of others and personality. E. The action of botanical substances with psychoactive action. 52\. Ethnopharmacology is: A. A field of chemistry that studies medicine from the perspective of defining it as a substance used for the prophylaxis, treatment or diagnosis of diseases. B. A direction of research focusing on the use of medicines by peoples, whose perceptions of health and disease differ from those based on the principles of Western science and biomedicine. C. Field related to medical botany, phytochemistry, plant systematics, etc. D. Anthropological analysis of medicinal plants that includes their study as objects of culture. E. The field that studies the practices of collection and use, describes the indigenous ideas about plants and the way in which they refer to the health of the locals. 53\. Medical pluralism refers to: A. Coexistence of many subsystems within the medical system. B. The possibility of the simultaneous existence of local, regional and cosmopolitan systems within the same system. C. The concomitant existence of both public and private medical services. D. Concomitant use of biomedical and complementary / alternative concepts of disease and cure E.The existence in a community of several specialized medical institutions. 54\. Check the disciplines which are complementary to „intercultural communication": A. ethnology; B. politology; C. ethnolinguistics; D. ethnopsychanalysis; E. cultural antropology. 55\. Which of the following elements are definitory for the concept of „culture": A. system of values; B. ideas; C. attitudes; D. rules; E. concepts. 56\. Check Apartheid Model characteristics: A. assumes a total separation of minority cultures; B. assumes a partial separation of minority cultures; C. assumes a total segregation of minority cultures; D. assumes a partial ghettoization of minority cultures; E. assumes a total ghettoization of minority cultures. 57\. Polycentric model is met, at least partially, in politico-cultural entites as: A. Belgium; B. Canada; C. California (USA); D. Sweden; E. Switzerland. 58\. Ethnocentrism is mostly associated with: A. intolerance; B. xenofobia; C. rasism; D. stimatization; E. humanism. 59\. Check the socio-cultural elements with a direct action on the intercultural perceptions and communication: A. values; B. rules; C. taboos; D. concept about the world; E. answers a,b,d 60\. Check the authors who highlight cultural values with a significant impact on intercultural communication: A. Denis McQuail, B. Richard Porter; C. Fernando Ortiz; D. Larry Samovar; E. Samuel C. Serto. 61\. Check the authors who state that there is a dichotomic difference on the conception about the world between the eastern and western cultures: A. A. Gilgen; B. Leonard Saules; C. Fernando Ortiz; D. J. Cho; E. Samuel C. Serto. 62\. Who of the following scientists states that nationality, ethnicity and belief confession represents an important barrier in physician-patient interaction? A. I. Hardy; B. Leonard Saules; C. Fernando Ortiz; D. E.I. Klimov; E. Denis McQuail. 63\. Choose the types of takezics in intercultural communication: A. proffesional; B. ritual; C. interactive; D. loving; E. friendly. 64\. Choose the historical types of handshake, each being symbolic in intercultural communication: A. palm facing up; B. palm horizontal; C. palm vertical; D. „glove" type handshake; E. palm facing down. 65\. Highlight spatial distances, specific for certain socio-cultural contexts: A. intimal space; B. public space; C. social space; D. ritual space; E. personal space. 66\. Which of the following countries are associated with hard monochronic societies: A. Great Britain; B. France; C. Scandinavian countries (Sweden, Denmark, Norway); D. Austria; E. Switzerland. 67\. State the behavioral features specific to the pacients who come from individualist-type cultures: A. Patients try to build business type relationships with the physician. B. Negative prognosis is delivered to the patient first. C. Patients delegate decision making related to their condition to the relatives and medical staff, D. Patients take full responsibility for decision making regarding their condition. E. Patients obey the concept of separation of business type relationship from personal relationships, assigning presents and friendship to the personal-type relationships. 68\. State the comportamental characteristics specific to the patients who come from collectivist type cultures: A. Negative prognosis is delivered to the relatives first. B. Patients will offer presents and money to the doctor, asking personal questions sometimes making excessive confidentiality with the medical staff. C. Patients delegate decision making related to their condition to the relatives and medical staff. D. Patients take full responsibility for decision making regarding their condition. E. Patients try to build friendships with the physician. 69\. The reasons for behavioral deviations may be: A. neuropsychic (congenital or acquired); B. family (unfavorable living conditions within the family); C. emotional (produced in small groups or communities); D. social and / or economic (generated by cataclysms or social, political, economic, cultural, religious crises); F.interpersonal, verbal and nonverbal (caused by dialogues). 70\. The criteria for classifying deviant conduct are: A. according to the forms of manifestation; B. according to the content of the event; C. after the severity of realization; D. according to the status of the individual in society; E. according to the axiological experiences of public life. 71\. According to the forms of manifestation, the deviant behavior can be: A. passive and nonviolent; B. in particular form; C. simulation and sinisterosis; D. self-destructive and self-mutilating; E. heterodestructive, aggressive and violent. 72\. Depending on the content of the event, the deviant behavior may be: A. aggressive; B. non-aggressive; C. with fraud. D. violation of norms (rules); E. observed; unnoticed and indeterminate. 73\. Identify the factors that influence your health: A. Human biology: genetic inheritance, maturation processes, aging, chronic disorders, degenerative, geriatric. B. Environment: drinking water, medicines, pollution, sanitation, communicable diseases, rapid social change. C. Lifestyle: food, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, alcoholism. D. The organization of health care: the quantity and quality of medical resources, access to them, the relationship between people and resources in health care. E. Absence of the disease: the symptoms are not perceived, the patient feels well and does not observe pathologies. 74\. Depending on the severity of the achievement, the deviant behavior may be: A. moral; B. collective; C. mild; D. moderate; E. sever. 75\. Referring to the incidence of the medical factor, the deviant behaviors are: A. Personality disorders. B. Behavioral syndromes in mental illness. C. Domestic violence and sexual deviations. D. Persistent states of conflict. E. National and international. 76\. Some of the ways in which domestic violence is manifested are: A. Psychological violence (threats, humiliation, intimidation, insults, indifference). B. Physical violence (blows, strangulations, burns, piercings, sharp objects, suffocation, hair pulling, etc.). C. Violence through isolation or social (restrictions on visits or travel, prohibitions, ignoring requests, suspicions of infidelity, forced isolation through closures in different spaces, etc.). D. Sexual violence (forced imposition of intimate relations, rape, application of degrading sexual practices, etc.). F.Tacit violence (mimicking various familiar activities). 77\. Do the negative effects of domestic violence have an extended meaning and manifested in several dimensions? Identify what they are. A. First of all, it is a disastrous action at the moment and in perspective for each member of the family, affecting, practically, the whole psychosomatic system. B. Secondly, it is a direct attack on the integrity of the fragile body of the growing child, endangering his life and health and mutilating his psyche and behavior for life, respectively. C. Thirdly, it is detrimental to the normal life of the community in the immediate family unworthy examples, contaminating society with dangerous negative effects. D. Fourth, it erodes the basic structure or institution of society - the family, which, in turn, threatens the well-being of members of society and the normality of social relations. E. Fifth, it is a disastrous action unnoticed and in the future every member of the family gets used to it and there are no consequences. 78\. Those involved in the conflict usually show the following behavioral attitudes: A. competitiveness; B. cooperation; C. negotiation; D. avoidance and failure; E. cowardice and indifference. 79\. The doctor can advise both patients and their colleagues (involved in conflict situations) by offering, in general, the following recommendations: A. Settle ongoing or potential confrontations and consider the possibility of withdrawal from the conflict. B. To compromise, to be tolerant and to be patient in tense situations, facing emotion and impulsivity. C. To compromise, to be cooperative and not to insist on victory, to avoid confrontations and to ignore the small things, the insignificant subjects, the negative things of the past. D. To have expectations in line with reality, to cultivate a sense of mutual trust, to acknowledge their own mistakes or problems and to turn the conflict into constructive possibilities. E. To avoid compromises, to insist on victory, not to overlook the negative things of the past and to face any conflict with emotion. 80\. The doctor who consults patients affected by physical overload should pay attention to conditions such as: A. Pain in muscles, limbs, wrists, headache, headache. B. Contusion, memory impairment, decreased ability to concentrate, weight loss. C. Indifference, courage of the person, prolonged sleep, intensification of work capacity. D. Digestive tract dysfunctions, sleep disorders, decreased work capacity. E. Sensation of physical or / or mental exhaustion (not to be confused with hypothyroidism). 81\. Nervous overload can occur as a result of: A. Some dysfunctions of the digestive tract, the person courage, prolonged sleep, relaxation, etc. B. Achieving a large and intense volume of intellectual work, often as a result of self- imposition in emergency situations. C. Persistent, lasting stress and overwork (mental, physical, intellectual). D. Some neurological, endocrine or other disorders, already present, and which impose the person to certain intellectual, stressful or other actions, and as a result there is nervous overload. E. The influences of some physical, informational factors from the environment and the way of life in general. 82\. Nervous overload usually includes three stages, identify which are: A. The phase of non-exhaustion, when the adaptation process is invigorated. B. The alert reaction (this is where the shock stage occurs, then the counter- shock stage, when the defense reactions occur). C. The survival phase is also aware when self-regulation processes are not affected. D. The state of resistance that drives self-regulation processes. E. The phase of the state of exhaustion, when the adaptation process fails. 83\. The effects of smoking on the body are manifested at several levels, the identifications: A. At the level of the whole organism. B. In the brain and nervous system. C. At the intellectual level, D. At the level of the respiratory system. E. The gastrointestinal level. 84\. Smoking prevention measures include: A. Carrying out an anti-smoking information campaign at all levels and for all social categories. B. Promoting a healthy lifestyle. C. Organizing special forms of behavior with smokers. D. Holding lessons on the consequences of smoking. E. Promoting medical tobacco through the media 85\. Identify the psychic signs that characterize alcoholism: A. Conditions that affect mood (fear, frustration, depression). B. Looking for opportunities to consume alcoholic beverages. C. Events characterized by a high degree of emotion (losses, deaths, serious illnesses, substantial gains, divorces, euphoria). D. The person finds in alcohol consumption. E. Frequent sweating, nausea and acute headache. 86\. Identify the physical signs that characterize alcoholism: A. Conditions that affect mood (fear, frustration, depression). B. It is manifested by uncoordinated movements and loss of balance. C. Trembling hands and frequent sweating. D. Nausea, acute headache. E. Cardiac dysfunction, etc. 87\. The action of current alcohol consumption on the body is manifested in several phases, which are: A. The exciting or euphoric phase, in which the consumer becomes mobile and active in relationships with others: sociable, open, cheerful, and sometimes irritating and depressed. B. The actual state of intoxication, when the person who consumed al-cool reveals a predominantly emotional behavior, low judgment, loss of control, exalted, motor incoordination, disorientation. C. The phase of the state of non-alcoholic exhaustion, when the adaptation process is invigorated. D. The phase of drowsiness or stupor, when the maxi-mum decreases sensory reflexes, sphincter control. E. The phase of the alcoholic coma, marked by a state of unconsciousness, the disappearance of the reflexes, the decrease of the temperature and, depending on the depth of this state, death. 88\. A healthy (normal) diet involves eating food in a rational way and this involves: A. Foods must have a complex composition of nutrients. B. Consumption should be rational in terms of energy (caloric), taking into account age, sex, environment, nature of work, physiological state of the body. C. The food should be distributed according to a schedule, regime, respectively, the food should be mainly composed of fresh, natural, unprocessed or processed products. D. Abusive consumption of the most pleasant foods, to observe the hygienic norms sometimes, sanitary in the preparation, serving and consumption of products. E. Moderate consumption, to respect the hygienic and sanitary norms in the preparation, serving and consumption of products. 89\. Curative nutrition ensures: A. Aggravation of the pathological condition of the body. B. The onset of obesity and diabetes. C. Improving the pathological condition of the body. D. Regulates vital processes. E. Prevents the occurrence of vital process dysfunctions. 90\. What are the basic principles of etiquette? A. The principle of humanism and humanity, which is embodied in the requirements of being polite, tactful, fair, kind, modest and precise. B. The principle of timeliness of action, according to which etiquette allows a person to behave reasonably, simply and conveniently for himself and those around him. C. The principle of beauty or the aesthetic attractiveness of behavior. D. The principle of respecting the customs and traditions of the country in which a person is at a given time. E. The principle of profit and convenience, which reflects the person ability to manifest himself in the self-interest and detriment of others. 91\. How do you greet someone according to the etiquette? A. The man always greets the first and the young greet the older ones. B. The newcomer greets those already gathered. C. The inferior greets his superior (If the inferior is a woman the first will greet the man). D. The student always greets the teacher. E. The person will greet only when he needs the services of another person. 92\. Identify forms and rules of nonverbal greeting according to the etiquette: A. The woman is the one who will shake the man&\#39;s hand, the same happens in the case of the boss-subordinate relationship. The person of higher rank will decide if he wants to use this type of greeting. B. When a man is introduced to a woman, she is the first to offer her hand. And the older ones have priority in this regard. C. The handshake should not be too strong (especially with a woman), nor lifeless. Give your hand in a free and confident gesture. The handshake should be short. D. Say hello to friends while sitting by table at restaurant or cafe, only with a nod of the head.. E. You can easily extend your hand to greet each other when you start working. 93\. The approach style to the other person can be: A. official (lady, gentleman, citizen, by name, surname, patronymic); B. intimate (dear Sorin, dear Livia); C. confidential (dear colleagues, friends); D. comic (this person&\#39;s childhood nickname); E. mutual (expected to address the interlocutor first). 94\. Underline the rules of behavior on the street according to the etiquette: A. It is not polite to look ostentatiously behind a woman, especially if you are going with a lady. Do not stop a friend who is not walking alone. B. Try not to smoke on the street. Try to behave as smartly as possible in the presence of children. C. Try not to sneeze in public - in extreme cases, use a handkerchief (sneezing, don&\#39;t apologize). D. Do not draw the attention of others by talking too loudly. It is rude to comment to passers-by on their appearance. E. Try smoking on the street. Also, avoid intelligent behavior in the presence of children. 95\. How should you behave in public transport according to the etiquette? A. Do not rush into public transport until it stops. Wait until the passengers who want to get off do so. B. When getting on public transportation, do not push other passengers with your elbows, do not try to get in first. An educated person should give priority to the elderly, the sick, women and children. C. Do not throw yourself forward, slamming other passengers to the side to take a seat. If you are sitting and an elderly person, a pregnant woman, a person with disabilities or a child enters, offer them your place. D. If you read a book, newspaper, or tablet on public transportation, keep it away from passengers. It is incorrect to look at the tablet, phone or newspaper read by another passenger. E. Hurry to get on public transport until it stops. No need to wait until passengers who want to get off do so. 96\. What are the essential rules of phone etiquette? A. Dont forget to say hello on the phone and only then make a request. Do not call in the morning before 9 am or in the evening after 8 pm (unless there is an urgent message or if you know for sure that your call is waiting and the addressee has not gone to bed). B. Never ask at the beginning of a conversation, Private conversations are awkward in the presence of others. C. Three miraculous words that are often missing from our speech are especially useful in telephone conversations. Try to keep your phone conversation as short, calm, and polite as possible. D. Do not burden your friends or relatives on the phone with your troubles, illness complaints, dissatisfaction stories, do not discuss shopping for an hour, etc. E. The appellant is not obliged to appear. If the caller has the wrong number, you can answer rudely, it bothers you, to be more careful in the future. 97\. What are some of the basic rules that you should know in a restaurant? A. The clothes must be suitable for the restaurant you have chosen. B. When we enter a restaurant, we slam the door. The first to enter the room is the man (thus protecting his guest from prying eyes). C. The list of dishes is consulted by each one, but the gentleman is the one who orders. D. When leaving, the man helps his partner to get up. The man leaves the bar first, but is careful not to give the impression that they are not together. E. You can enter a luxury restaurant dressed in a sports suit. A real lady talks to the waiter, the more she can answer advances or jokes. 98\. The language of clothes involves: A. elegance; B. subtle; C. retention; D. practice; E. arrogance. 98\. Identify the message that a men wardrobe needs to convey: A. stability; B. safety; C. perenniality; D. wealth; E. arrogance. 99\. An elegant woman is always dressed and behaves in accordance with: A. A specific situation; B. with her own social position; C. according to age; D. according to the age of those present; E. he can dress as he sees fit. 100\. What is the dictionary definition of image? A. The set of representations both affective and rational. B. Associated by an individual with a brand, a product, an enterprise, an idea. C. The set of affective and rational fantasies. D. The dream of a company or individual. E. Unreal patterns of the world. 101\. There are several image categories. Identify them: A. Self-image, the image of the professional. B. The doctor image. Self-image of the staff of an institution. C. Positively, negatively distorted image. D. Image close to reality, distal and proximal, virtual, subliminal, etc. E. Usuality as an image. 102\. In communication, the image fulfills the following functions: A. identification (recognition); B. idealization; C. opposition; D. usage; E. postponement. 103\. What are the steps in image processing? A. Individualization - highlighting a given object among others. B. Accentuation - accentuation of the highlighted characteristics. C. Promotion - creating the conditions in which these characteristics can best manifest themselves. D. Marking - mental overload to succeed. E. Distortion - physical overload for performance. 104\. Corporate images has a more complex structure. How are corporate images formed? A. Sociological survey - defining the characteristics of an ideal object (how would we like to see it?) And real (what is it really?). B. Ranking (prioritization) and expression (definition of required characteristics). C. Planning (determining how and through which channels the key message will reach the target audience) and implementation (conducting an information campaign). D. Effectiveness (checking the effectiveness of the information campaign). E. Marking - mental overload to succeed and distortion - physical overload for performance. 105\. The image of a doctor is valuable in that: A. Expresses certain mental ideas about the state of the medical profession. B. Expresses certain mental ideas about the state of medicine in general. C. Expresses the social status and cultural purpose of the doctor. D. Expresses humble and modest ideas about the state of the medical profession. E. Expresses the arrogant and superior status of the doctor. 106\. The term „medical vocation" means: A. A unit of a physician natural abilities and subjective cognitive interests in his profession. B. The process in which self-affirmation of individuality and its creative possibilities is realized. C. Humble and modest ideas about the state of the medical profession. D. A social role and a metaphysical purpose of the physician. E. The set of affective and rational fantasies of the physician. 107\. From a cultural perspective, a doctor&\#39;s image includes: A. The values and objectives of the medical community expressed in the texts of culture in a certain historical period. B. Professional and cultural regulations enshrined in regulations, codes, requirements, oaths. C. A doctor life in society, his actions and real behavior. D. Forms and mechanisms of social recognition of the doctor as a carrier and creator of culture.

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