Medical Sociology and Bioethics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of ethnomedicine?

  • The study of the social factors that contribute to mental illness.
  • The practice of medicine in rural areas and isolated communities.
  • The science of the development and use of drugs derived from plants.
  • The study of the health and illness beliefs, practices, and systems of traditional societies. (correct)

Which of the following is NOT an example of medical pluralism?

  • The development of a new vaccine for a disease. (correct)
  • The use of both Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine.
  • The use of herbal remedies alongside conventional medication.
  • The existence of both public and private healthcare systems.

Which of these options represent the year when the term "multicultural society" was first established?

  • 1893
  • 1848
  • 1904 (correct)
  • 1865

What does the concept of medicalization refer to?

<p>The process of extending medical control over aspects of life beyond traditional illness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these options represents the year when the phrase "Intercultural communication" was coined?

<p>1903 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'ethnopharmacology' primarily focused on?

<p>The analysis of how different cultures use and understand medicines. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with first establishing the concept of 'intercultural communication'?

<p>T.H. Hall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these options represents the author who viewed culture as a "common remedy in which human groups learn to organize their behavior and thinking according to their environment"?

<p>Leonard Saules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of medicalization?

<p>The emphasis on individual autonomy in healthcare decisions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these options represents the author who discovered 164 definitions of culture, belonging to different philosophers, anthropologists, culturologists, historians, etc.?

<p>Fernando Ortiz (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these options represents the author who defined culture as "a series of rules or standards shared by the members of a society and which influence them, establishes behaviors that are considered suitable or accepted"?

<p>William Haviland (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of ethnopharmacology?

<p>The study of the cultural use of drugs and medicines in different societies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of medical pluralism?

<p>The use of both traditional herbal remedies and modern antibiotics to treat an illness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these options represents the most accurate definition of "multiculturalism"?

<p>Cohabitation of some different cultures within the limits of a social system no matter if this cohabitation is peaceful or conflictual. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these options represents a concept used in the literature alongside "intercultural communication"?

<p>Interethnic communication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the science that incorporates intercultural communication?

<p>Cultural science (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are identified as symptoms of nervous overload?

<p>Digestive tract dysfunctions, sleep disorders, decreased work capacity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a stage of nervous overload?

<p>The survival phase is also aware when self-regulation processes are not affected. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of nervous overload?

<p>Persistent, lasting stress and overwork (mental, physical, intellectual). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a level where the effects of smoking are manifested?

<p>At the intellectual level. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended measure for smoking prevention?

<p>Promoting medical tobacco through the media. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the phase of exhaustion in nervous overload?

<p>The adaptation process fails. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some conditions that may prompt a doctor to consider physical overload in a patient?

<p>Pain in muscles, limbs, wrists, headaches, and decreased work capacity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately reflects a key principle discussed in the text regarding coping with challenges?

<p>Success is achieved by striving for victory and acknowledging past mistakes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three levels of severity for deviant behavior, according to the provided content?

<p>Mild, Moderate, Severe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical principle focuses on respecting an individual's right to make their own decisions?

<p>Autonomy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a rule mentioned in the text for equitable distribution of resources?

<p>To each person according to their wealth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what does 'textual bioethics' refer to?

<p>The ethics of life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of deviant behavior is NOT directly mentioned in the provided content?

<p>Frequency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a pioneer of local bioethics, advocating for a broad concept of bioethics, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Teodor Țîrdea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The principle of justice, as described in the content, focuses primarily on...

<p>Equitable distribution of goods, resources, and services (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options best describes the characteristics of deviant behavior as described in the content, based on its content?

<p>Can manifest in different forms, with varying degrees of severity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does behavioral medicine focus on?

<p>The study of how behavior impacts health and disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model emphasizes the importance of considering psychological factors alongside biological ones in understanding health and disease?

<p>The biopsychosocial model (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the biomedical paradigm?

<p>It views the human body as a complex system of organs and functions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is central to the psychological model of health and disease?

<p>The study of psychological factors and processes involved in illness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with founding the field of behaviorism?

<p>John Broadus Watson (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes how the biopsychosocial model approaches health and disease?

<p>It promotes a multi-dimensional understanding of health and illness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the core concept behind the integral model of conceptualizing disease?

<p>The interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors in health and disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a key advantage of the biopsychosocial model over the biomedical model?

<p>It provides a more comprehensive understanding of the causes and treatment of disease. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'health risk behavior'?

<p>Actions that potentially endanger the health of the individual or their entourage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the core idea conveyed by the term 'medical vocation'?

<p>The innate skills and personal interests a doctor brings to their profession. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the statement 'medical vocation' suggest about the nature of medicine?

<p>The practice of medicine is deeply intertwined with the personal values and beliefs of the practitioner. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these options best describes 'deviance' in the context of health and behavior?

<p>Conduct that deviates from accepted norms and poses a potential risk to individual health or life. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of 'health risk behavior'?

<p>Actions that potentially cause harm to oneself or others. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the concept of 'deviance' in the given context?

<p>The potential for harm to health and life caused by deviant actions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best captures the essence of 'medical vocation' as described in the text?

<p>The doctor's innate talents and personal interests as they relate to their profession. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of 'medical vocation' is most emphasized by the text?

<p>The personal values and beliefs that guide a doctor's practice. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cultural science

A field of study that encompasses intercultural communication.

Intercultural communication

Communication occurring between people from different cultures.

Multiculturalism

Cohabitation of different cultures within a social system, regardless of peace or conflict.

Michael Howard's view on culture

Describes culture as a 'common remedy for organizing behavior and thinking.'

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William Haviland's definition of culture

Culture as rules or standards shared by society members that guide behavior.

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Year multicultural society established

The term 'multicultural society' was first established in 1941 in the USA.

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Different definitions of culture

164 definitions of culture were identified by various scholars including anthropologists and historians.

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Author with many definitions of culture

The author who discovered 164 definitions of culture is not specified here but is significant in cultural studies.

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Behavioral Medicine

An interdisciplinary field focusing on behavioral techniques related to health and disease.

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Founder of Behaviorism

John Broadus Watson is recognized as the founder of behaviorism in psychology.

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Biopsychosocial Model

Integrates biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding health and illness.

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Biomedical Model

Focuses on the scientific study of the body as a collection of organs and functions.

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Psychological Model

Studies psychological factors that influence health and disease progression.

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Importance of Context in Health

The biopsychosocial model stresses personal and social context in biological health processes.

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Efficiency of Health Services

Studies the effectiveness of healthcare systems and their performance in improving public health.

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Influence of Institutions on Health

Explores how organizations and institutions affect public health outcomes.

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Medicalization

The process of spreading medical control over the life of the individual and society.

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Ethnomedicine

Field that studies a wide range of healthcare systems and practices in traditional societies.

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Ethnopharmacology

Research direction focusing on the drug use by peoples with different health perceptions than Western science.

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Medical pluralism

The coexistence of several medical subsystems within the same system.

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Doctor's autonomy

The right of a doctor to practice without being employed in a medical institution.

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Healthcare systems

A network of institutions and practices for delivering medical services.

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Rights of patients

Entitlements that patients hold, especially regarding treatment decisions.

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Deviant Behavior Types

Deviant behavior can be aggressive, non-aggressive, or involve norms violation.

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Severity of Deviant Behavior

Deviant behavior may be mild, moderate, or severe based on achievement.

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Principle of Autonomy

It emphasizes respect for a person's right to self-determination.

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Principle of Charity

It involves the obligation to promote others' important interests and do good.

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Principle of Justice

It advocates equitable distribution of goods and services.

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Distribution Rules

Equitable resource distribution can follow various principles like needs or contributions.

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Textual Bioethics

It refers to the philosophy of ethics concerned with life's value.

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Pioneer of Local Bioethics

Teodor Țîrdea is known for advocating broader bioethics concepts.

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Medical Vocation

A unit of a physician's natural abilities and subjective cognitive interests in his profession.

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Health Risk Behavior

The way to act in situations that endanger individual health or those around them.

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Deviance

Conduct that deviates from allowed rules and becomes harmful to health and life, putting the individual in danger.

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Metaphysical Ideas in Medicine

Ideas that express the philosophical aspects of the medical profession and its cultural purpose.

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Nostalgia in Medical Profession

Sentiments reflecting on the past state, status, and cultural purpose of medicine and doctors.

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Subconscious Ideas in Medicine

Affective thoughts about the state of the medical profession and its role in society.

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Doctor-Patient Relationship

The dynamic and cultural practices that define interactions between doctors and patients.

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Social Status of Medicine

The recognition and perceived value of the medical profession within society.

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Physical overload symptoms

Symptoms like muscle pain, headaches, memory impairment, and sleep issues due to excessive physical strain.

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Nervous overload causes

Results from stress, prolonged mental work, and certain disorders that lead to excessive mental strain.

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Stages of nervous overload

Includes non-exhaustion, alert reaction, and exhaustion phases as the body adapts to stress.

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Effects of smoking

Impacts various body systems including nervous, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems.

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Smoking prevention measures

Strategies including information campaigns, promoting healthy lifestyles, and educational sessions on smoking risks.

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Psychic signs of alcoholism

Mood-affecting conditions like fear, frustration, and depression that indicate alcoholism.

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Digestive dysfunctions and overload

Digestive tract issues can contribute to nervous overload and affect overall health.

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Cognitive effects of overload

Includes memory impairment and decreased concentration due to excess mental demands.

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Study Notes

Medical Sociology and Bioethics

  • Behaviorism in psychology focuses on behavior as a response to environmental stimuli.
  • Behavioral sciences are crucial for improving individual quality of life via reductions in morbidity and promoting health, particularly within medical contexts.
  • Effective communication strategies are essential for medical practice. This involves written and oral communication, body language, and cultural sensitivity.
  • Medical sociology aims to understand the moral culture of medical communities, doctor-patient relationships, and the role of culture in disease etiology.
  • Behaviorism's founder is John Broadus Watson.
  • The biopsychosocial model integrates biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding disease.
  • The biomedical model views the body as an aggregate of organs, reducing illness to biological factors.
  • Medical sociology studies the social aspects of health, disease, and healthcare systems.
  • The concept of medical pluralism emphasizes the coexistence of multiple medical systems within a society.
  • The concept of syndemia describes the concurrent occurrence of two or more diseases.
  • Different models of medical systems exist, for example, those followed by the Soviet Union, France, America and the British, German and Indian models.
  • Medical sociology helps analyze the social effects of the medical profession, and healthcare systems.

Health and Behavior

  • Medical ethics is an essential concept in contemporary healthcare practice.
  • Self-medication involves taking medications without a doctor's guidance.
  • Malpractice means incorrect or negligent treatment leading to harm.
  • The concept of normality in healthcare encompasses statistical averages, societal norms, individual expressions of behavior, cultural norms and adaptability to societal norms along with a consideration of the medical norm.
  • Different statuses exist within social groups - statuses can be acquired or ascribed
  • Social roles are the behaviors expected from individuals based on their societal positions.
  • The doctor-patient relationship often involves negotiation, in which both parties compromise to reach a mutually acceptable treatment plan.

Medical Practices and Systems

  • Ethnomedicine is the study of health beliefs, practices, and systems within cultural contexts.
  • Ethnopharmacology deals with medicinal plants and other substances as used in various cultures.
  • Medical pluralism implies the coexistence and interaction of different approaches to health and illness within a given context.
  • The principle of bioethics includes autonomy, non-maleficence, justice, and beneficence.
  • Various cultures have their own perspectives on health, illness, and healthcare, which impact their interactions with medical practitioners.
  • Medical systems vary worldwide, reflecting diverse social, historical, and cultural contexts.

Behavioral Science, Personality, and Disease

  • Health risk behaviors can influence health and well-being.
  • The concept of domestic violence, encompassing various forms, has significant mental and physical effects impacting both individuals and society.
  • Diseases, including chronic ones, are addressed via several factors, such as hereditary elements and lifestyle choices.
  • Behavior, actions, and traits are shaped by social and cultural factors.
  • Mental and neurological conditions have a variety of social effects and must be considered within the context of overall health.
  • Drug addiction has varying behavioral presentations, influenced by a variety of factors.
  • Various conditions, including neurological and psychological issues, have physical and social effects on individuals' health.

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