Final Study Guide PDF

Final Study Guide Learning: a relatively permanent change in thoughts or behavior due to experience Reflex: simple, unlearned response Instincts: unlearned patterns or behaviors Maturation: the sequential unfolding of inherited characteristics Reflex, instincts, and maturation are things that are...

Final Study Guide Learning: a relatively permanent change in thoughts or behavior due to experience Reflex: simple, unlearned response Instincts: unlearned patterns or behaviors Maturation: the sequential unfolding of inherited characteristics Reflex, instincts, and maturation are things that are not learned There are 4 types on learning 1. Operant conditioning: - Conditioning based upon consequences - BF Skinner is the most famous behaviorist - Operant: operate on the environment 2. Cognitive learning - How thinking and memory aid in learning - Cognitive map: mental image of the layout of an environment - Strategy: technique for solving problems 3. Social learning: - Learning through observation and modeling - Observation: watching - Modeling: imitating - Bo-bo experiment: kids watched adults beat up bo-bo dolls, then were put in a room with bo-bo dolls and did the exact same thing the adults did 4. Classical conditioning - Learning based upon associations (stimulus, then, response) - Ivon Pavlov, russian physiologist - Nobel prize in dog digestion Conditioned: a stimulus and response that are trained Unconditioned: a stimulus and response that are not trained More operant conditioning: Behavior: something that we do Consequence: something that strengthens or weakens a behavior Reinforcement: Anything that strengthens a behavior Punishment: anything that weakens a behavior Positive reinforcement: anything pleasant or desirable following a behavior Negative reinforcement: termination of something unpleasant after a behavior Positive punishment: the presentation of something unpleasant Negative punishment: taking away something pleasant Schedules of reinforcement - Continuous reinforcement: getting reinforced every time after a desirable behavior is demonstrated - Partial reinforcement: getting periodically reinforced after a desirable behavior Different ways we reinforce an organism Fixed ratio ○ Reinforcing an organism after in has demonstrated a set number of variables Variable Ratio ○ Reinforcing an organism after it has demonstrated a random number of variables Fixed Interval ○ Reinforcing an organism after a set among of time has elapsed Variable Interval ○ Reinforcing an organism after a random amount of time has elapsed Definition of psyche: mind, spirit, and soul Definition of psychology: the scientific study of human and animal behaviors and cognitive processes The schools of psychology: Humanistic: You are the only person who knows who you will become Humans control their own destiny All humans are born good Founders: carl rogers and abraham maslow Cognitive: You are what you think you are Your personality is from your thoughts You can change yourself with your thoughts Behavioral: Decisions mold you into who you are We are a product of our environment Founders: John watson, B. F Skinner Psychoanalytic: Mind is divide into conscious and unconscious Conscious has thoughts, desires, memories, and feelings Unconscious and repressed thoughts (aggressive and sexual) Founders: Sigmund Freud Sociocultural: You have to understand you community before you understand yourself Neurobiological: yuo biology controls who you are