Final Exam Study Guide PDF

What compounds that maintain the pH of solutions within given limits? A blind spot in the retina occurs because? A simple cuboidal epithelium would be found in what tissues? A small amount of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial because? What structure that senses change? Describe a typical home...

What compounds that maintain the pH of solutions within given limits? A blind spot in the retina occurs because? A simple cuboidal epithelium would be found in what tissues? A small amount of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial because? What structure that senses change? Describe a typical homeostatic regulation including the factors involved. All of the chemical reactions that occur in the body refer to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. All the motor neurons that control skeletal muscles are called? What happens to an individual lacking otoliths? What are arrector pili muscles? Describe the steps of mitosis. Describe the functions of all the major bone cells (osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts). What special protein molecules catalyze chemical reactions in the human body? Compared with the male pelvis, the female pelvis. What connective tissue structures attach muscles to bone? Describe Endochondral ossification. Epidermal cells synthesize what vitamin when exposed to sunlight? Which part of the nervous system establishes emotional states and behavioral drives? Exocrine secretions are discharged onto some external or internal body surface through a \_\_\_\_. Describe the function of carbohydrates. Describe the function of proteins. Describe the function of lipids. Describe the function of nucleic acids. List and describe the functions of connective tissue List and describe the functions of the hypothalamus. List and describe the functions of the integumentary system. List and describe the functions of the skin. How are the endocrine organ system and nervous organ system alike? Humans are **most sensitive** to which taste? Describe the differences among hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions. What is the epiphyseal plate? Define the terms that describe the planes and sections of the body. List and describe the three modes of glandular secretions. Describe nociceptors. Describe the functions of plasma membranes. Describe proprioceptors. List and describe the organelles found in cells. List and describe the types of chemical reactions that occur in cells (ex. Anabolic, dehydration, etc.) What are the functions of red and yellow bone marrow? Describe tissue repair after injury. Describe the difference between saltatory propagation and continuous propagation. List and describe the different types of sensory receptors (ex. Baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, etc.) Describe how sound energy is converted into mechanical movements involved in hearing. What happens in the "fight or flight" response? What does the effector organ for the somatic motor nervous system do? The epidermal layer whose cells have stopped dividing and started to produce large amounts of keratin is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. The epidermis is nourished by diffusion from capillaries in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. What are the functions of synovial fluid? Describe the differences between negative and positive feedback regulations (be able to give examples of both). List and describe the different proteins in the plasma membrane (what do they do?). Describe the peripheral nervous system. The process by which cells become specialized is called \_\_\_\_\_\_. The process of binding a specific molecule and then bringing it into the cell in a vesicle is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. The shaft of a long bone is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. The smallest living things are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Define lateral and medial, and give examples of each. Describe the sympathetic division of the nervous system. The tendency for physiological systems to stabilize internal conditions with respect to the external environment is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Use anatomical terms of direction to identify the locations of anatomical structures. What are the functional differences between the rod and the cone? What is the primary function of any serous membrane? What is the purpose of bone remodeling? Describe the steps of muscle contraction. Which division of anatomy focuses on the form and structure of the heart, blood, and blood vessels? List the characteristics of the ANS? Describe olfaction. Describe the function of epithelial tissues? Which of the following is a function of synovial fluid? Describe simple, stratified, squamous, cuboidal, columnar, etc. when describing epithelial tissue. Give examples of a synchondrosis, diarthrosis, synarthrosis, gomphosis, sutures, syndesmosis, amphiarthrosis. Describe the sodium-potassium exchange pump. Describe vertebral column curvatures, and when they occur. Describe the types of movements that occur in synovial joints. Describe the contraction of smooth muscle. How is it different from skeletal muscle contraction? Describe the differences between the 3 muscle tissues. Describe how bone growth occurs to increase in the diameter of bones. Why is it important to precisely regulate the pH of blood or other body fluids? Why is reciprocal inhibition important in a withdrawal reflex? Know the **correct** order of the cell layers, or strata, in a section of thick skin, from the **basement membrane toward the free surface** (deep to superficial). List the 6 basic steps of hearing in order. List the steps in phagocytosis.