Final Exam Preparatory Document PDF

Final Exam Preparatory Document ENGN 3220 Engineering Measurements 1 Chapter 1 ANOVA An analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests whether statistically significant differences exist between more than two samples. There are two types of ANOVA: One -Way Anova...

Final Exam Preparatory Document ENGN 3220 Engineering Measurements 1 Chapter 1 ANOVA An analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests whether statistically significant differences exist between more than two samples. There are two types of ANOVA: One -Way Anova and Two Way Anova One-way ANOVA Hypothesis Two-Way Anova Hypothesis 2 Regression Analysis Regression analysis is a simple statistical method for understanding and quantifying the relationship between two or more variables. It helps a business estimate one dependent variable based on the values of one or more independent variables. Regression Equation Coefficient of determination R-squared (R²) is a statistical measure that indicates how well a model fits data and predicts outcomes. It's also known as the coefficient of determination. R-squared values range from 0 to 1, with higher values indicating a better fit: R-squared = 0: The model can't predict any better than using the average value R-squared between 0 and 1: The model can partially predict the outcome, but the estimates aren't perfect R-squared = 1: The model can perfectly predict the outcome 3 Chapter 2 Data Types 4 Choosing a Data Acquisition System 5 6 7 Chapter 3 Image based measurement system Einstein believed light is a particle (photon) and the flow of photons is a wave. What is a Photon? – a photon is a bundle of electromagnetic energy. It is the basic unit that makes up all light. Not only is light made up of photons, but all electromagnetic energy (i.e., microwaves, radio waves, X-rays) is made up of photons. Pixel: A pixel, short for "picture element," is the smallest unit of a digital image or graphic that can be displayed and manipulated on a digital display device. Pixels are the basic building blocks of digital images, forming a grid that collectively presents the complete picture. 8 Different imaging techniques Different parts of a digital imaging system 9 Resolution vs Mega Pixels Resolution represents the number of pixels horizontally and vertically. On the other hand, the megapixels represent only the total number of pixels CCD Camera: A charge-coupled device (CCD) is an integrated circuit containing an array of linked, or coupled, capacitors. CCD sensors are a major technology used in digital imaging. CMOS: Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor CCD vs CMOS 10 11 Chapter 4 12 13 14 15 Chapter 5 Temperature Sensor Temperature is defined as the energy level of matter which can be evidenced by some change in that matter. Temperature measuring sensors come in a wide variety and have one thing in common: they all measure temperature by sensing some change in a physical characteristic. Different Temperature Sensors The eight basic types of temperature measurement sensors or temperature checking devices are thermocouples, resistive temperature devices (RTDs, thermistors), infrared radiators, bimetallic devices, liquid expansion devices, molecular change-of-state, silicon diodes and vibrating wire sensors. 16 17 18 19 20 21 Chapter 6 Strain Gauge 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Chapter 7 Humidity Sensor 33 34 35 36 Chapter 8 Displacement, Position and Proximity Sensors 37 38 Inductive vs Capacitive displacement Sensor inductive sensors use changes in a magnetic field to determine the distance to the target; capacitive sensors use changes in capacitance. 39 40