Infection Control & Safety Procedures PDF

50 questions- Multiple choice, select all that apply, mark an x, put in order INFECTION CONTROL AND ISOLATION Assigning rooms for clients with infections Types of Isolation precautions: example of diagnosis and what PPE would be worn or other considerations **Thin...

50 questions- Multiple choice, select all that apply, mark an x, put in order INFECTION CONTROL AND ISOLATION Assigning rooms for clients with infections Types of Isolation precautions: example of diagnosis and what PPE would be worn or other considerations **Think FAE chart Contact (wound infections, RSV, scabies, herpes. Gowns and gloves at minimum by caregiver and visitors. Remove PPE before exiting the room) Droplet (rubella, pertussis, mumps. Surgical mask for providers and visitors) Respiratory (measles, varicella, tuberculosis. N95 or higher mask, t testing) Protective isolation (mask for when out of room) When should gloves be worn? Infectious materials, mucous membranes, non-intact skin, contaminated skin, contaminated equipment When should protective eyewear be worn? Exposure the body uids, infectious viruses, and bacteria Hand hygiene: when to perform and how? Before and after treating each patient, after touching anything. Washing hands and changing gloves Hand hygiene for clostridium dif cile and why Healthcare associated infections- what are the types and why are they a concern? Signs of infection and in ammation (in ammation: swelling, fever, abdominal pain, coughing, chills. Infection: sore throat, chills and sweats, fever, shortness of breath, burning or pain with urination. What actions can be taken to break the chain of infection?( cleaning your hands, staying up to date on vaccines, covering cough and sneezes. Following the standard and contact isolation and wearing the proper equipment) Handling bed linens Needlestick injury prevention (use safety needles, engage safety device immediately, make sure sharps container is less than ¾ full) SAFETY Falls risk assessment and interventions. Making sure the bed is low, brakes are locked, appropriate use of bed rails, ensuring patient can reach items. Restraints Why are they be used? (the client is aggressive or combative, client is danger to self or others, unnecessary or unwanted movements) How are they to be applied to a bed? How tight are they applied. Should be able to stick 2 ngers Nursing interventions when someone is in restraints – How do we care for the client in restraints (range of motion, food and uids, frequent circulatory, respiratory, and skin checks, vital signs, monitoring) Complications Nursing actions in case of a re rescue, alert, con ne, extinguish and evacuate. Rescue- remove persons in immediate danger of the re. Alarm- activate alarm. Contain- close doors and windows. Extinguish- small res. fi fi fl fi fi fl fl fi fi fl fi  Pull- pull the pin out. Aim- aim at the base. Squeeze- squeeze the handle. Sweep- sweep the base by spraying from side to side. National Client Safety goals Client identi cation (2 client identi ers) Communication (critical results ISBARR) Using medications safely (label all meds, med reconciliation, anticoagulants) Seizure precautions Nursing interventions Home oxygen use – client teaching Using proper body mechanics VITAL SIGNS Blood pressure Technique, position, application of cuff, etc Normal range for BP (120/80) Stages of hypertension (Stage 1 when the systolic pressure is 130 to 139 mm Hg, or the diastolic pressure is 80 to 89 mm Hg. Stage 2the systolic pressure is 140 mm Hg or the diastolic pressure is 90 mm Hg. Hypertensive when the systolic is 180 mm Hg and/or the diastolic is 120 mm Hg. Risk factors for hypertension Interventions for hypertension and hypotension (increase uids, place in upright position unless medically contraindicated, change position slowly) Orthostatic hypotension – how is it diagnosed? (When there is a drop of at least 20 mmHg systolic and 10 mmHg diastolic. Changing position from at to sitting or sitting to standing. 1-3 minutes) What interventions? (compression socks, change position slowly, review medications) Apical pulse When is it taken, how long? Conducting a cardiovascular assessment and when a client is taking certain cardiac medications for a full minute Where? Left side of chest over the apex of heart Respirations How to count (12-20 breaths per minute) Breathing patterns: eupnea, apnea (cessation of breathing), Cheyne- stokes (cyclical pattern shallow too deep with apnea. Brain tumor, stroke), Kussmaul’s (deep, rapid, and regular. Diabetic ketoacidosis) Causes of each breathing pattern Peripheral pulses- Locations of pulses -general location How do you document quality/strength? Oxygen Saturation How to obtain (pulse oximeter) What is normal (95% or higher) Interventions if it is low (higher ow of oxygen, monitor for respiratory arrest, auscultate lungs) Temperature fi fl fi fl fl  Sites What are bene ts and limitations of each site? Mobility Range of motion – what is difference between active and passive (passive- without the client’s assistance. Active- movement are made by the client) Bed positions and what are they used for: Supine surgery with a patient lying on their back with head, neck and spin in neutral position(laying at), prone spinal surgery (on stomach), semi Fowlers’s dif culty breathing or undergoing breathing treatments(sitting up), Fowler’s, Trendelenburg patients with cardiac, respiratory or neurological problems (leaning back), semi prone laying on side with one knee up Proper t for crutches (1 to 2 inches blew the axilla, 15-to-30-degree angle in elbow 2,3,4-point gaits, swing through, swing to gaits) Applying antiembolism stockings – SKILL checklist in module Assisting a client with ambulation – SKILL checklist in module Moving a client in bed- SKILL checklist in module Transferring client based on weight bearing status- what assistive devices are needed if they can bear no weight, some weight, etc? (slide board, pivot disc, sit to stand, mechanical lift) Complications/Effects of immobility by system and Interventions to prevent complications (IN MODULE and FAE Chart) Cardiovascular (cardiac deconditioning less workload on heart, orthostatic hypotension, deep vein thrombosis. Intervention- monitor vs in position, or reports of dizziness, lightheadedness, assist with position changed, change position slowly, wear antiembolism stocking, fall precautions) Integumentary (pressure injury, moist skin at risk for breakdown, shearing and friction. Respiration- repsotition every 2 hours, pillows, and cushions, use assistive. Moisturize dry skin, keep skin free from moisture from urine. Drainage and sweat.) Respiratory (decreases air exchange increases risk of infection, more prone to pneumonia. Interventions- atelectasis- auscultate lungs and chest movement, use incentive spirometer, deep breath, and cough, monitor 02 sats, give 02 if needed) Gastrointestinal (malnutrition, GERD, impaction, constipation. Interventions -constipation- assess abdomen assess for nausea, vomiting, Abd pain, Gerd- elevate HOB after meals. Fluid, ber, mobility Genitourinary (urinary retention, renal calculi. Interventions- retention, UTI, encourage uids and activities to avoid calculi) Psychosocial (physiological integrity, loss of mobility, increased dependence on others, loss of roles and privacy isolation. Interventions- monitor clients emotions status, encourage expression of feelings, encourage interactions with family. Musculoskeletal (fragility fractures, joint contractures, foot drop. Interventions- monitor for pain, assist with ambulation, hourly rounds d/t fall risk. Monitor gait, apply splints, use foot boards assist with ambulation.) Types of Movement pairs- example exion and extension, abduction, and adduction, etc Flexion bend reduces the angle between the bones. Extension- straighten the limb. fl fi fi fi fi fl fl  Abduction – move away to baseline. Adduction- bring closer to baseline. Pronation- turning to face forward. Circumduction- circular motions Rotaion- side to side Inversion- turn inward. Eversion- turn outward. Dorsi exion- draw toes upward towards the body Plantar exion- point toes downward away from the body fl fl