Infection Control and Isolation Quiz

Infection Control and Isolation

• Assigning rooms for clients with infections involves considering the type of infection and appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) for caregivers and visitors.
• Isolation precautions vary based on the type of infection (contact, droplet, respiratory, protective).
• Contact precautions require gowns and gloves, droplet precautions use surgical masks, respiratory precautions require N95 or higher masks, and protective isolation may involve masks for when leaving the room.
• Gloves should be worn when handling contaminated materials, mucous membranes, non-intact skin, and contaminated equipment.
• Protective eyewear should be worn during exposure to body fluids, infectious viruses, and bacteria.
• Hand hygiene is crucial before and after treating each patient, touching surfaces, and changing gloves. Hygiene is critical for preventing the spread of Clostridium difficile.
• Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) can arise due to various factors and are a concern because of their potential impact on patient safety.
• Signs of infection include fever, abdominal pain, coughing, chills, burning pain, and shortness of breath. Inflammation presents as swelling.
• Breaking the infection chain involves hand hygiene, vaccinations, covering coughs/sneezes, and proper equipment usage.

Safety

• Falls risk assessment and interventions involve bed height adjustments, brake locks, ensuring patient access to items, and use of appropriate bed rails.
• Restraints should only be used when the client is aggressive, combative, or a danger to themselves or others. Restraints should not be unnecessary or unwanted.
• Restraint application should be correct in terms of how they are applied to the bed and how tight they are applied. Proper application prevents harm to clients.
• Client care in restraints requires careful monitoring of range of motion, food and fluids, circulatory and respiratory function, and skin. Frequent assessments are critical.
• Complication prevention is important in restraint use. Monitoring is necessary in cases of fire.
• Rescue, alarm, contain, extinguish procedures should be followed in a fire emergency.

Vital Signs

• Blood pressure should follow proper technique, position, and cuff application to provide accurate readings.
• Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg, and hypertension stages are defined by systolic and diastolic pressure levels.
• Risk factors and interventions/changes in position should be taken into consideration in cases of hypertension and hypotension.
• Orthostatic hypotension is a drop in blood pressure with changes in position, and causes need to be diagnosed. This includes interventions, such as position change and medication review.
• Apical pulse measurement should follow appropriate technique regarding time and location.
• Respiratory rate (12-20 breaths/minute) should be assessed. Breathing patterns (eupnea, apnea, Cheyne-Stokes, Kussmaul's) vary by cause and should be noted.
• Peripheral pulse locations and documentation of strength are essential.
• Oxygen saturation evaluation (normal >95%) and interventions for low oxygen levels are critical.
• Temperature taking is necessary for patient health monitoring.

Mobility

• Range of motion involves active and passive movement, with differences in client participation, assessment, and application.
• Various bed positions facilitate specific procedures or patient needs.
• Proper crutch fit prevents risks during movement.
• Applying anti-embolism stockings and assisting clients with ambulation should be done as needed according to specific assessments, as well as moving a client in bed.
• Transferring clients depends on their weight-bearing status; assessments should be performed.
• Immobility complications include cardiovascular, integumentary, respiratory, and gastrointestinal issues. Psychosocial factors influence an individual’s health and well-being.
• Different types of movement include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and their implications on the body structure.