Fibers and Materials Lesson 2.pdf

Fiber and Material Study  Lesson 2 Fiber and its classification Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Tehcnology-Apparel and Fashion Technology...

Fiber and Material Study  Lesson 2 Fiber and its classification Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Tehcnology-Apparel and Fashion Technology 1  Fiber  It is defined as one of the delicate, hair portions of the tissues of a plant or animal or other substances that are very small in diameter in relation to their length. A fiber is a material which is several hundred times as long as its thick. 2 Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Tehcnology-Apparel and Fashion Technology  Textile Fiber  A textile fiber is a unit of matter, either natural or manufactured, that forms the basic element of fabrics and other textile structures. Source: www.sciencedirect.com 3 Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Technology-Apparel and Fashion Technology  Fiber classification Source: Https://www.behance.net/gallery/2253366/Te xtile-Fibers-Infographic-Map Lesson 2: Fiber classification Lesson 2: Fiber classification  Textile Fiber  Textile fiber can be spun into a yarn or made into a fabric by various methods including weaving, knitting, braiding, felting, and twisting. 7 Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Tehcnology-Apparel and Fashion Technology  Textile Fiber  The essential requirements for fibers to be spun into yarn include a length of at least 5 millimeters, flexibility, cohesiveness, and sufficient strength. 8 Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Tehcnology-Apparel and Fashion Technology  Textile Fiber  Other important properties include elasticity, fineness, uniformity, durability, and luster. 9 Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Tehcnology-Apparel and Fashion Technology  Characteristics of Fiber  1. It must have fibrous formation. 2. It Length is thousand times longer than its diameter. 3. It should have spun able ability. 4. It should have sufficient strength and spinning ability. 5. It should have contained elasticity and flexibility characteristics. 6. It must be Fineness. 7. It must have special color. 8. It should have affinity to dye stuff. Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Technology-Apparel and Fashion Technology 10  Classification of Fibers  Based on Origins Based on Length Based on Conductivity Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Technology-Apparel and Fashion Technology 11  Classification of Fibers Based on Origins 1. Natural Fibers 2. Man Made fibers a. Vegetable Fibers a. Regenerated fibers b. Animal Fibers b. Non-Cellulosic c. Mineral Fibers Polymer Fibers (Synthetic Fibers) c. Metallic fibers d. Mineral fibers e. Rubber fibers Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Technology-Apparel and Fashion Technology 12  Classification of Fibers Based on Length  1. Filaments - a slender threadlike fiber a. Monofilament Yarns b. Multifilament Yarns 2. Staple Fibers - Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Technology-Apparel and Fashion Technology 13   Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Tehcnology-Apparel and Fashion Technology 14  Classification of Fibers  Based on Conductivity 1. Thermoplastic fibers 2. Non-Thermoplastic fibers Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Technology-Apparel and Fashion Technology 15  Types of Textile Fiber  1. Natural fiber. 2. Manmade fiber Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Tehcnology-Apparel and Fashion Technology 16  Natural Fiber: . (Cellulosic) ❑Plant ❑Animal (Protein) ❑Mineral Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Tehcnology-Apparel and Fashion Technology 17  Cellulosic fiber could be obtained and categorized into three main types, Seed, Bast/Stem, and Leaf. https://textechdip.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/fiber11.jpg?w=640 Plant Fiber Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Technology-Apparel and Fashion Technology 18  Protein fiber could be obtained from three categories, Hair, Wool, and Filament. Animal Fiber Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Technology-Apparel and Fashion Technology 19  Plant fibers are classified into two groups: Soft Fibers: The process of preparing soft fibers for weaving is laborious. The plant is selected and harvested, partially dried, and then pounded with a stone mallet and scraped to clean the fibers. Hard Fibers: Hard fibers are subjected to successive phases of cutting, drying, cleaning, and soaking before they can be woven. Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Technology-Apparel and Fashion Technology 20  Major commercially used plant fibers A.Seed Fibers C. Leaf Fibers Cotton Sisal Coir Pineapple Kapok B. Bast Fibers Flax Hemp Ramie Bamboo Banana Jute Abaca Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Technology-Apparel and Fashion Technology 21 A.Seed Fibers Cotton ✓ almost pure cellulose, ✓ softness ✓ breathability ✓ length varies from 10 to 65 mm, and diameter from 11 to 22 microns. ✓ absorbs moisture Coir ✓ stronger but less flexible than cotton ✓ unsuitable for dyeing ✓ Low tensile strength ✓ good resistance to microbial action and saltwater damage Kapok light, brittle, elastic, lustrous and white or pale yellow in color Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Technology-Apparel and Fashion Technology 22 B. Bast Fibers Flax Like cotton, flax fiber is a cellulose polymer, but its structure is more crystalline, making it stronger, crisper and stiffer to handle, and more easily wrinkled. Hemp Long, strong and durable, hemp fibers are about 70% cellulose and contain low levels of lignin (around 8-10%). Ramie It has low elasticity and dyes easily. Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Technology-Apparel and Fashion Technology 23 B. Bast Fibers Bamboo Soft and Drapeable Smooth and Luxurious to the touch Good Breathability, Cool and Comfortable to wear Anti-static Strong and Durable Abrasion Resistant Banana enhanced tensile strength and modulus, low density, strong moisture absorption quality, good fire resistance quality, light weight, and low elongation at break Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Technology-Apparel and Fashion Technology 24 B. Bast Fibers Jute long, soft and shiny, with a length of 1 to 4 m and a diameter of from 17 to 20 microns. Abaca Abaca is prized for its great mechanical strength, buoyancy, resistance to saltwater damage, and long fiber length – up to 3 m. The best grades of abaca are fine, lustrous, light beige in colour and very strong. Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Technology-Apparel and Fashion Technology 25  C. Leaf Fibers 1. Sisal Lustrous and creamy white, sisal fiber measures up to 1 m in length, with a diameter of 200 to 400 microns. It is a coarse, hard fiber unsuitable for textiles or fabrics. 2. Pineapple A kilo of leaves may provide up to 15-18 pieces of white, creamy and lustrous as silk fiber about 60 cm long and it easily retains dyes. Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Technology-Apparel and Fashion Technology 26  Animal Fibers 1. Alpaca: It is partly hollow, from 20 to 70 microns in diameter and comes in 22 natural colours. It is light, stronger than sheep's wool, and provides excellent insulation. 2. Angora The silky white hair of the angora is a hollow fiber classed as wool. With a diameter of 14- 16 microns, it is one of the silkiest animal fibers. Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Technology-Apparel and Fashion Technology 27  3. Camel: Strong, lustrous and smooth · Warm and Lightweight 4. Cashmere It has natural crimp, allowing it to be spun into fine, lightweight fabrics. 5. Mohair Light and insulating, its tensile strength is significantly higher than that of merino wool. Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Technology-Apparel and Fashion Technology 28  6. Silk: It has good absorbency, low conductivity and dyes easily. Developed in ancient China, where its use was reserved for royalty, silk remains the "queen of fabrics". 7. Wool: It has natural crimpiness and scale patterns that make it easy to spin. Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Technology-Apparel and Fashion Technology 29  C. Minerals 1. Asbestos—a natural fiber that has been used in fire-resistant substances Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Technology-Apparel and Fashion Technology 30  Natural Fiber:  Cotton Seed Cotton Shirt  Natural Fiber:  Flax plant Linen  Natural Fiber:  Wool Blanket Sheep fleece Wool Carpet   Pineapple leaves Barong  Natural Fiber: Banana Trunks Barong Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Technology-Apparel and Fashion Technology 35  Natural Fiber: Kapok Fruit Kapok Fabric Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Technology-Apparel and Fashion Technology 36  Natural Fiber: Mineral Fiber Mineral Fabric Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Technology-Apparel and Fashion Technology 37  Activity  Click on the link below and make your reaction. You can find at the assignment section. From Sheep to Cloth https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ngLoJxss Eao Technological University of the Philippines, Manila Bachelor of Technology-Apparel and Fashion Technology 38