Feedstuffs - Energy Source PDF

Feedstuffs Energy Source Corn/Maize (Zea mays) World's most important grain used as livestock feed The most extensively used feed grain A key source of energy and other nutrients for animals Cereal grain with the highest digestible energy content for animals High starch con...

Feedstuffs Energy Source Corn/Maize (Zea mays) World's most important grain used as livestock feed The most extensively used feed grain A key source of energy and other nutrients for animals Cereal grain with the highest digestible energy content for animals High starch content promotes rumen bacterial growth, which enhances forage digestibility Main source of carotene (Vitamin A) in animal feed Fair in phosphorus content Main component of the diets of monogastric animals, such as poultry and pigs, making up between 50 and 70% of their feed  Extremely low in calcium Quite deficient in Vit. B12 Low in riboflavin and pantothenic acid Must be supplemented with protein Low in essential amino acids - Methionine - Lysine - Tryptophan  Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Very similar to corn in chemical composition Contains slightly higher protein and contains minute or no carotene May be used to replace 50 % or more of the corn in the ration for most livestock without affecting animal performance Cereal grain energy source and is a good feedstuff for poultry, pigs and ruminants Particularly rich in starch (more than 70% of the dry matter) Has fewer mycotoxins than corn Livestock, Poultry and Rabbit Oats (Avena sativa) Oats contain higher crude fiber than corn - (10.8% vs. 2.6%, as fed) Contains higher crude protein than corn - (10.8% vs. 9.6%, as fed) A little higher in Ca and P Oats are high in fat Contain vitamins B1, B2, and B6 As well as vitamins A, K, and E They can be fed whole or dehulled, and the feed value can be improved by hulling Livestock, pets, humans  Oats are not a good fattening feed Lower in TDN - (68% vs. 77% for ruminants, as fed) Should be fed rolled or ground Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Similar to oats in protein content High in energy and starch content A rumen active starch source that improves the yield of high value protein milk Intermediate to oats and corn in content of fiber, TDN, Ca and P Wheat Higher protein content than corn - (14.2% vs. 9.6%, as fed) Poultry and swine feeds Has a high fiber content, with 11% Has a high energy value Similar to corn in composition and feeding value  Expensive Poor in minerals and vitamins Contains pentosans, which are carbohydrate chains that can increase the viscosity of digesta and cause problems in young animals Whole wheat grain is better for lambs Pellets are better for cows Wheat Bran Consists primarily of the seed coat of wheat that is removed in the manufacture of wheat flour Used in livestock feeding as bulk factor and source of phosphorus Rye (Secale cereale) High in energy and starch Modest protein content High in lysine Butyrate can help reduce salmonella and lower boar odor Livestock and poultry  Is less palatable than other grains Is sometimes contaminated with fungus ergot Rye can accumulate nitrates, which can be toxic to ruminants Should be mixed with another feed  Rice (Oryza sativa) Bran Consists of the seed coat and germ that are removed from rice grain in the manufacture of polished rice Rich in fiber, protein, fat, B vitamins and E, minerals, and antioxidants Comparable to wheat bran in feeding value Livestock, horse, poultry and fish  Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) It's a man-made cereal grain that's a cross between wheat (Triticum) and rye (Secale) Higher than wheat in protein and lysine Better protein digestibility than wheat Contains a relatively high amount of B- group vitamins, including B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, and B9 Has a better mineral balance than wheat Triticale contains antioxidants, including vitamin E and phenolic acids