فائت 5.pptx

Class: Insecta Subclass: Pterygota Division: Endopterygota Order: Hymenoptera Ants, Bees and Wasps ‫رتبة غشائية األجنحة‬ ‫رتبة النمل و النحل و الدبابير‬  A-Habits and Habitats:  Size: minute to large.  Polymorphism  Some of them have starvation, generosity, predation an...

Class: Insecta Subclass: Pterygota Division: Endopterygota Order: Hymenoptera Ants, Bees and Wasps ‫رتبة غشائية األجنحة‬ ‫رتبة النمل و النحل و الدبابير‬  A-Habits and Habitats:  Size: minute to large.  Polymorphism  Some of them have starvation, generosity, predation and enslavement. ‫التجويع و الكرم و اإلفتراس و االستعباد‬  B- Morphology Adults: Head: Free, movable Mouthparts: for chowing Antennae: multiarticulate, moniliform or filiform Eyes: comp. ----large Ocelli: 3 ocelli Ant Antennae: Two-Way Communication By SUSAN LINVILLE, Posted July 27, 2020 If you leave food out in your house, you will likely find ants all over it.‫يتحتى‬OOO‫ىب‬OO‫ام ف‬O‫ع‬OO‫ضالتض‬OO‫تركف‬OOO‫ا ت‬O‫مجرد م‬OOO‫ب‬ ‫لنمل‬O ‫ ا‬O‫تجع عليه‬OO‫ي‬ Once one ant finds food, it leaves a pheromone scent trail so others can find the way with their antennae. ‫و بمجرد ما تجد نملة واحدة الطعام تترك ممر من رائحة‬ ‫الفرمون الدال على افرادالمستعمرة و بالتالى يستدل‬ ‫باقى افراد المستعمرة على الطريق الى الطعام‬ They don't waste any time.‫ت‬O‫لوق‬OO‫ضيع ا‬OOO‫ ت‬OO‫و هىال‬ Those antennae are good detectors.‫ها‬O‫ار‬O‫تشع‬O‫س‬O‫قرونا‬O‫ف‬ ‫جسات‬O‫م‬ ‫خير‬ Ant antennae not only pick up information, they can also give information. ‫و للعلم فإن قرون استشعارها ليست اللتقاط المعلومات فقط و‬ ‫إنما لإلفادة بالمعلومات أيضا‬  Nearly 130 years go, it was first discovered that antennae were being used to receive chemical information through touch. ‫د‬O‫و ق‬ ‫نذ‬O‫ م‬130‫للمس‬O ‫ا‬OO‫ية ب‬O‫لكيميائ‬OO‫لمعلوماتا‬OO‫ستقبلا‬OOO‫نق أ ت‬O‫كتشفتا‬O‫ا‬ ‫نة‬OO‫س‬ As University of Melbourne scientists: ‫ة‬5‫ع‬5‫ام‬5‫علماء ج‬55‫بقا ل‬5‫و ط‬ ‫ن‬5‫لبور‬5‫ا‬5‫م‬ Ants have a waxy layer that covers their body made of cuticular hyrdocarbon molecules. ‫فإن جسم النمل مغطى بطبقة شمعية و المكونة من جزيئات‬ ‫هيدروكربونية جليدية‬ These unique hydrocarbons protect the ants from dehydration, O‫هذه‬ ‫ى‬O‫لمائ‬OO‫لجفافا‬OO‫نا‬O‫ا م‬O‫حمىجسمه‬OOO‫لفريدة ت‬OO‫كربوناتا‬O‫لهيدرو‬OO‫ا‬ And identify which colony each ant is from. ‫و كذلك تقوم هذه الطبقة الهيدروكربونية بتعريف انتماء النملة‬ ‫لمستعمرتها‬ Identification is important so that foreign ants or other insects don't invade the colony. ‫و بالتالى بتحمى افراد المستعمرة من ان يغزوها افراد من مستعمرة غريبة‬ Thorax: Segmentation: Mesothorax enlarged and fused with either pronotum and metathorax Abdomen: 1-Propodeum: 1st abdominal seg. is fused with 3rd thoracic secment to form propodeum ‫لخصر‬OO‫ ا‬. 2-Ovipositor: modified into slicing or piercing organ for inserting eggs into tissues or adapted as sting. #Larvae: Eruciform ‫ية‬5‫ن‬5‫طوا‬5‫س‬5‫ا‬, with distinct head capsule 3 pairs of legs 6-8 abdominal prolegs ‫طنية‬555‫ية ب‬5‫ل‬5‫لأو‬5‫ج‬5‫أر‬  C- Taxonomy Order: Hymenoptera Family: Formicidae Vespidae Apidae Formica sanguina Vespa orientaliss Apis mellifica  Order: Hymenoptera Family: Fomicidae Colony of Formicidae Hill of ant Workers, Drones, Soldies and Queeen  The queen ant , A colony of ants can contain more than one queen, but this depends on what species it is. ‫حتوى‬OOO‫و ت‬ ‫كعلى‬O‫ل‬O‫فذ‬O‫توق‬OO‫كني‬OO‫لكة و ل‬O‫نم‬O‫كثر م‬O‫لمستعمرة علىا‬OO‫ا‬ ‫لنمل‬O ‫وع ا‬OO‫ن‬  The queen lays eggs.‫لبيض‬O ‫ضع ا‬OOO‫لملكاتت‬OO‫ا‬  Queen are usually the biggest ant in the colony.  A queen has wings but removes them after mating. ‫ا‬O‫قصيفه‬OOO‫قوم ت‬OOO‫ا ت‬O‫كنه‬OO‫جنحة و ل‬O‫ا أ‬O‫ه‬OO‫و ل‬ ‫لجماع‬OO‫د ا‬O‫ع‬OOO‫ب‬  Males die not long after they mate. ‫لذكور‬OO‫ا‬ ‫لجماع‬OO‫د ا‬O‫ع‬OOO‫بيرة ب‬OO‫ترة ك‬OO‫عيشونف‬OO‫ ي‬OO‫ال‬  Males have wings. Life Cycle of Ants: Copulation takes places while they fly during the suitable periods‫ناء‬5‫بث‬5 5‫لمناس أ‬55‫ت‬5 ‫لوق ا‬55‫ىا‬55‫لتسافد ف‬5‫تم ا‬55‫ي‬ ‫ن‬5‫لطيرا‬55‫ا‬ Where, workers prevent copulation except for during the suitable time.‫بة‬5‫لمناس‬55‫ت‬5 ‫لفترا ا‬55‫ىا‬55‫الف‬55‫لتسافد ا‬5‫ ا‬5‫منع‬555‫التت‬5‫ا‬5‫لشغ‬55‫ا‬ As will as females and males Flying Landing They lose their wings Borrow tunnels and chambers Settle isolated until they lay eggs (perhaps this process takes months) During isolation period, females feed on body fats and muscles Eggs: -The females lay two types of eggs: A. Fertilized eggs‫خصب‬5‫يضم‬555‫ ب‬produce queens, B. None fertilized eggs‫خصب‬O‫غير م‬for workers and drones -None fertilized eggs produce Larvae: -Larvae feed on female saliva to develop into pupae of workers Workers: 1- connect the chambers to each other and to outdoor 2- collect food and care larvae and pupae 3- feed these immature https://www.stuff.co.nz/environment/126012319/i  Order: Hymenoptera Family: Apidae ‫النحل‬ The bees Colony: Worker Queen Drone Habits and Habitats: Bees live in colonies included Castes of Queen, Drones and workers A colony of the bees contains only one queen Biology of the honey bee colony: *During the first three days of larvae age, workers feed the larvae on royal jelly secreted by a glands located on the worker head *And feeding their on honey and pollens *After maturation of the larvae, workers cover the hexagon by wax and pollens *Larvae are transformed into pupae to produce a new queen and colony The Old Queen: *The old queen leaves the colony with numerous numbers of drones and workers to settle on a tree for 48 hours *After 48 hours the old colony individuals either go away or someone collects them to establish a new throne of bees ((‫عرش‬ The New Queen: *The new queen kill the old queen if the last be stayed in the same place of the new colony *Workers take the killed old queen out of the colony *The new queen and its workers destroy the old hexagons containing pupae and larvae to take them out *After two weeks, the queen and drones fly for wedding (Queen flies to high altitudes and copulation occurs) *Queen kill drone groom by pulling and separating its male genital organs to the colony *Queen lies about 200 to 250, 00 eggs *Workers make starving to drones and  Class: Insecta Subclass: Pterygota Division: Endopterygota Order: Diptera ‫رتبة الذبابيات‬  A-Habits and Habitats: About 150,000 species of living Diptera have been described approximately 10,000 genera and 150 families; this is about 14% of the world’s known insect fauna. Diptera occur all over the world except in regions with permanent ice-cover. They are found in deserts, caves, freshwater and marine water. https://www.zoology.ubc.ca/bcdiptera/Order %20Diptera%20Text%20Files/family_descriptions.htm  B- Morphology Adults: Head: Moveable head, Compound eyes: large Mouthparts designed for 1-piercing and sucking m.p. or for 2-Sponging mouth parts Antennae: long, or short. Thorax: Wings: a one pair in adults The hind wings (halteres) evolved into advanced mechanosensory ‫سية‬5‫يكية ح‬5‫يكان‬5‫ م‬organs, which act as high-speed sensors of rotational movement. ‫زة‬5‫ه‬5‫ج‬5‫لىأ‬55‫ت‬5 ‫طور إ‬5‫ت‬ ‫لتي‬5‫ا‬، ‫تقدمة‬5‫يكية م‬5‫يكان‬5‫سية م‬5‫يكية ح‬5‫يكان‬5‫سية م‬5‫ح‬ ‫لحركة‬OO‫لسرعة ل‬OO‫لية ا‬O ‫تعا‬O‫را‬O‫مستشع‬OO‫عملك‬5‫ت‬ ‫ية‬O‫ن‬O‫لدورا‬OO‫ا‬. Legs: Claws and pads on their feet enable them to cling to smooth surfaces. Abdomen: Segmentation: The 10th and fused11th segments or less. Ovipositor: The last 2 or 3 segments are adapted for reproduction as ovipositor.  C-Taxonomy Order Diptera Suborder: Brachycera Brachycera includes the familiar housefly, horsefly, cranefly, and hoverfly ‫ وذبابة‬،‫ والذبابة الرافعة‬،‫ وذبابة الخيل‬،‫الذبابة المنزلية‬ ‫الزهور‬  C-Taxonomy Order: Diptera Suborders: Nematocera Brachycera Family: Culicidae Muscidae Culex pipiens Musca domestica Aedes sp. Anopheles sp.  Family Common names Suborde Tipulidae Crane flies r Nematoc era Bibionidae March flies Psychodidae Moth flies, sand flies ‫ ذباب الرمل‬، ‫ذباب العثة‬ Chaoboridae Phantom‫البراغيش الوهمية‬ midges Culicidae Mosquitoes Simuliidae Black flies Ceratopogonidae Biting midges Suborder Brachycera, Tabanidae Horse flies, deer flies Stratiomyid Soldier flies ae Syrphidae Flower flies, hover flies Suborder Brachycera , Muscidae House flies, Glossinidae Tsetse Calliphoridae Blow flies Sarcophagida Flesh flies e Culex pipiens  Musca domestica life cycle  Class: Insecta Subclass: Pterygota Division: Endopterygota Order: Coleoptera  Order Coleoptera is the largest of all orders,  It involves 400,000 species,  constituting almost 40% of described insects  25% of all known Animalia.  The largest of all families, the Curculionidae (weevils‫لسوس‬55‫ )ا‬with about 83,000 species,  Found in almost every habitats except the sea and the polar regions, Adults: Head: Mouthparts: Chewing Thorax: Wings Fore wings:(elytra) are hard and serve as covers for the hind wings; Hind wings: large, membranous, folded beneath the elytra Tarsi: 2- to 5-segmented Larvae: Head well-developed with ocelli and chewing mouthparts. Three pairs of thoracic legs; Body form: 1. Campodeiform -- Slender, active crawlers 2. Scarabaeiform -- C-shaped body 3. Elateriform -- Wireworms; elongate, cylindrical  C-Taxonomy Order: Coleoptera Family: Meloidae (blister beetles ‫عة‬5‫لالذ‬5‫سا‬5‫لخناف‬55‫ا‬ ‫لبثور‬5‫سا‬5‫ناف‬5‫)أو خ‬ Staphylinidae (rove beetles ‫فة‬5‫لطوا‬55‫سا‬5‫لخناف‬55‫) ا‬ Curculionidae (weevils beetles‫لسوس‬55‫) ا‬ Carabidae (ground beetles‫س‬5‫لخناف‬55‫ا‬ ‫ية‬5‫ض‬5‫ألر‬5‫) ا‬ Scarabaeidae June beetles‫يو‬5‫ون‬55‫سي‬5‫ناف‬5‫خ‬, scarab beetles‫لجعل‬55‫نأو ا‬5‫را‬5‫لجع‬55‫ا‬ Coccinellidae lady beetles‫س‬5‫لخناف‬55‫يدة ا‬55‫س‬  Meloe sp. Aleochara sp. Curculionidae Meloidae Staphylinidae Carabidae Scarabaeidae Coccinellidae  Family: Meloidae (blister beetles ‫لبثور‬5‫سا‬5‫ناف‬5‫عة أو ح‬5‫لالذ‬5‫سا‬5‫لخناف‬55‫) ا‬ Kingdom Animalia (Animals) Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Hexapoda Class Insecta Order Coleoptera (Beetles) Suborder Polyphaga Family Meloidae (Blister Beetles)  Subfamily Meloinae 1. Tribe: Pyrotini: Pyroto sp. 2. Tribe: Lyttini: Lytta sp. 3. Tribe: Meloini: Meloe sp.  Lytta vesicatoria Spanish fly The blister beetle It is an emerald-green beetle in the blister beetle family (Meloidae). ‫لون‬5‫هى خنافس خضراء زمردة ال‬ The insect is the source of the terpenoid cantharidin a toxic blistering agent once used as an aphrodisiac and viral dermal diseases ‫تنتج مادة دوائية سامة مثيرة للشهوة الجنسية تسمى‬ ‫كانثاريدين و مفيدة فى عالج بعض االمراض الجلدية‬ ‫فيروسية‬5‫ال‬. Habits and Habitats: The Spanish fly is a mainly southern European species, Central Asia, Siberia, northern southern Asia, (excluding China) and southern Britain ‫الذبابة اإلسبانية هي نوع رئيسي من جنوب أوروبا وآسيا‬ )‫الوسطى وسيبيريا وشمال جنوب آسيا (باستثناء الصين‬ ‫وجنوب بريطانيا‬ Life Cycle: 1- The defensive chemical cantharidin is produced only by males; ‫المادة الكيميائية الدفاعية الكانتاريدين تنتج فقط عن طريق‬ ‫الذكور‬ 2- females obtain it from males during mating, as a gift where the spermatophore contains some 3- The female lays her fertilized eggs on the ground, near the nest of a ground-nesting solitary bee. ‫ بالقرب من عش‬، ‫تضع األنثى بيضها المخصب على األرض‬ ‫النحلة‬ 4- The larvae are very active as soon as they hatch, they climb a flowering plant and await the arrival of a solitary bee. ‫مزهرا‬ ً ‫يتسلقون نباتًا‬.‫اليرقات نشطة للغاية بمجرد أن تفقس‬ ‫وينتظرون وصول نحلة منعزلة‬. 5- They hook themselves on to the bee using the three claws on their legs ‫يعلقون أنفسهم بالنحلة باستخدام المخالب الثالثة الموجودة‬ ‫على أرجلهم‬ 6- The bee carries the larvae back to its nest, where they feed on bee larvae and the bees' food supplies. ‫ حيث تتغذى على يرقات‬،‫تحمل النحلة اليرقات إلى عشها‬ ‫النحل والمكمالت الغذائية للنحل‬ 7- The active larvae moult into very different forms, for 2 or more instars to be pupae ‫ على مدى‬،‫تنسلخ اليرقات النشطة إلى يرقات مختلفة جدًا‬ ‫عمرين أو أكثر‬ 8- The adults emerge from the bees' nest and fly to the woody plants on which they feed ‫يخرج البالغون من عش النحل ويطيرون إلى النباتات الخشبية‬  Order: Lepidoptera Moths and Butterflies ‫ات و أبى‬O‫رتبة الفراش‬ O‫الدقيق‬  Class: Insecta Subclass: Pterygota Division: Endopterygota Order:Lepidoptera Moths and Butterflies It is one of the most widespread and widely recognizable insect orders in the world. About 300.000 species of the Lepidoptera are described, in 126 families and 46 superfamilies 10% of the total described species of living organisms. Size: minute to large Having economic significance economic and Medical Significance of the Lepidoptrans *100 lepidopteran families, *‫نحة‬5‫ألج‬5‫فية ا‬5‫رش‬5‫بة ح‬5‫ت‬5‫التر‬5‫نعائ‬5‫لة م‬5‫عائ‬100‫ن‬5‫ثر م‬5‫ك‬5‫ينأ‬555‫نب‬5‫م‬، *Of them, 14 larvae species cause health-related problems. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/lepidoptera) 14* ‫لصحة‬5‫ا‬555‫تعلقة ب‬5‫لم‬5‫شاك‬5‫ا م‬5‫ه‬5‫رقات‬55‫سببي‬555‫وع ت‬55‫ن‬. *Of 6 families of Lepidoptera, adults feed on animal wounds and various body secretions *6‫ن‬5‫تم‬5‫ال‬5‫ عائ‬Lepidoptera‫نات‬5‫لحيوا‬55‫ح ا‬5‫رو‬5‫ونعلىج‬5‫لغ‬5‫لبا‬5‫ا ا‬5‫يه‬55‫ذىف‬5‫تغ‬555‫ت‬ ‫لمختلفة‬55‫لجسم ا‬55‫ت‬5 ‫فرازا ا‬5‫وإ‬ 1-Geometridae, 2-Noctuidae, 3-Notonectidae, 4-Pyralidae, 5-Sphinigidae, 6-Thyatiridae.  B- Morphology Body: covered by scales or hairs as well as the wings Adults: Head: hypognathous Eyes: large comp. eyes Ocelli ofintly present Mouthparts: consisted of elongated galea Thorax: prothorax ----small or narrow Mesothorax---large with strong scutum Metathorax--- reduced Wings: covered by large scales Coupling: Frenulate or jugate Wing venations: mostly longitudinal legs: Walking legs 5-segmented tarsi Abdomen: 10 segments 1st reduced seg with atrophied sterna 9+10th abdominal segments are modified to serve in external genital parts Larvae: Cylindrical Pupa: Exarate or obtic Metamorphosis: Holometabola  C-Taxonomy Order: Lepidoptera Suborder: Rhopalocera Heterocera Butterflies Moths Antenna: Clavate Pectinate or Bipectinate Pupae: no cocoon with cocoon Colors: shine No shine colours Suborder: Rhopalocera Heterocera Family: 1-Pieridae Noctuidae Pieris rapae 1-Prodenia litura ‫أبى الدقيق الكرنب‬ ‫دودة ورق القطن‬ Male Female 1-Prodenia litura 1- Pieris rapae 2- Sesamia critica ‫أبى الدقيق‬ ‫دودة القصب الكبرى‬ ‫الكرنب‬  Fe l e t 2 ma a o sp le eg M sp ot gs 1 s Pu ‫ رى‬pa ‫ري‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ط‬ ‫خي‬ r ‫طة‬ ll a ‫س‬ p i ‫بوا‬ er ‫ق‬ a t ‫تعل‬ C ‫ت‬ Bombyx mori (The Silk Worm) ‫دودة‬ ‫لحرير‬OO‫ا‬