Flair Airlines Ltd FAM Section 3 - Emergency Procedures PDF

Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) Section 3 - Emergency Procedures 3.1 Emergency Communication Signals Situation Communication Signals Planned Emergency PA from flight deck: Landing or pilot...

Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) Section 3 - Emergency Procedures 3.1 Emergency Communication Signals Situation Communication Signals Planned Emergency PA from flight deck: Landing or pilot "THIS IS THE CAPTAIN SPEAKING. IFD TO incapacitation THE INTERPHONE" or non-verbal signal: high/low chime x3. NOTE: The Captain will be listening on the interphone, waiting for the IFD to respond. Flight Attendants to be PA from flight deck at 1000 ft (approximately seated for emergency 2 minutes): landing "THIS IS THE CAPTAIN SPEAKING. FLIGHT ATTENDANTS TO YOUR STATIONS. FLIGHT ATTENDANTS TO YOUR STATIONS." Brace signal PA from flight deck at 200 ft (approximately 15 seconds): "THIS IS THE CAPTAIN SPEAKING. BRACE, BRACE, BRACE" If PA is inoperative, seatbelt sign ON/OFF x 3. Evacuation signal PA from flight deck: "THIS IS THE CAPTAIN SPEAKING. EVACUATE, EVACUATE, EVACUATE" Rapid deplanement PA from flight deck: "THIS IS THE CAPTAIN SPEAKING. DEPLANE QUICKLY" Sabotage threat on the PA from flight deck: ground "THIS IS THE CAPTAIN SPEAKING. IT IS NECESSARY TO LEAVE THE AIRCRAFT. PLEASE RELEASE YOUR SEATBELT. LEAVE YOUR PERSONAL BELONGINGS ON THE AIRCRAFT. MOVE TO A DOOR THAT IS OPEN AND LEAVE THE AIRCRAFT. GATHER WELL AWAY FROM THE AIRCRAFT. FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS GIVEN TO YOU BY THE CREW. DO NOT SMOKE. MORE INFORMATION WILL BE AVAILABLE FOR YOU SHORTLY." Rev33 - 01 Nov 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-4 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) Situation Communication Signals Hijacking code Interphone Flight Attendant: "CAPTAIN, I MUST SPEAK TO YOU REGARDING THIS TRIP" Captain: "I UNDERSTAND, YOU MUST SPEAK TO ME REGARDING THIS TRIP" Flight Attendant: "YES" Cabin pressurization PA from flight deck: problem (seatbelt sign ON) "THIS IS THE CAPTAIN SPEAKING. WE HAVE A MINOR PRESSURIZATION PROBLEM, PLEASE FASTEN YOUR SEATBELTS." Rapid depressurization PA from flight deck: "THIS IS THE CAPTAIN SPEAKING. RAPID DESCENT, RAPID DESCENT." Post depressurization PA from flight deck: (When appropriate below "THIS IS THE CAPTAIN SPEAKING. WE 13000 ft) ARE NOW AT AN ALTITUDE WHERE OXYGEN IS NO LONGER REQUIRED. IT IS SAFE TO REMOVE YOUR MASKS. FLIGHT ATTENDANTS COMMENCE POST DEPRESSURIZATION DUTIES, IFD TO THE INTERPHONE." IFD announcement: "ANY SMELL OF BURNING WHICH MAY BE EVIDENT IS A RESULT OF THE OPERATION OF THE CHEMICAL OXYGEN GENERATOR SYSTEM WHICH HAS JUST BEEN USED, DO NOT BE ALARMED." Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-5 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) Situation Communication Signals TEST sequence T - Type of emergency E - Evacuation anticipated? If yes, then brief environmental conditions on the ground (i.e., temperature, wind, etc.). S - Signals to be seated: Brief whether emergency signals or normal signals will be used, and whether they will be aural or chimes. T - Time left before landing  Relocation of passengers?  Who will advise passengers? When an immediate PA from flight deck: evacuation is not required "THIS IS THE CAPTAIN SPEAKING. following: REMAIN SEATED, REMAIN SEATED"  an emergency situation anytime while on the ground;  a rejected takeoff; or  an emergency landing. When it has been PA from flight deck: determined that an "THIS IS THE CAPTAIN SPEAKING. evacuation is NOT required FLIGHT ATTENDANTS, RETURN TO and normal operations can NORMAL OPERATIONS." be resumed following:  an emergency situation anytime while on the ground;  a rejected takeoff; or  an emergency landing. Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-6 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) 3.2 Introduction 3.2.1 General Early identification of problems which might precipitate an emergency is essential. The earlier conditions are recognized and dealt with, the potential for serious consequences decreases. The Captain must be notified whenever a condition exists that is abnormal in nature (e.g. noises, vibrations, odours or fumes from fuel or smoke, or sparking from an electrical panel). Composure and attitude are of extreme importance in minimizing passenger anxiety and the potential for panic. It is impossible to give a list of instructions for every emergency condition since circumstances are rarely identical. Therefore, it is imperative that Flight Attendants be completely familiar with all general procedures and the use of emergency equipment, and react instinctively to problems which may develop quickly and without notice. Any emergency aboard an aircraft which is handled successfully will depend upon the Flight Attendant's comprehensive knowledge of what to do and how to handle the passengers. The need for calm, capable leadership is critical in preventing panic amongst the passengers. Remember that under the circumstances of evacuating an aircraft, panic has killed or injured more people than the emergency. Knowledgeable planning will save the maximum number of lives in a difficult situation. The proper preparations and control of a full complement of passengers can only be accomplished by coordinated crew efforts. A complete knowledge of the location and use of equipment provided for such purposes is the first step towards handling an emergency successfully. The following procedures are of vital importance. They minimize wasted motion, reduce injuries and save lives. They point out the importance of advanced planning, not only when the emergency occurs but also during the course of a routine flight. 3.2.2 One Crew Concept Policies and regulations are developed to enable crew members and the Company to operate harmoniously, safely and with complete mutual understanding. As a crew member, it is important to have an understanding of each other's roles and responsibilities, allowing the crew to function as one. This is referred to as the "one crew concept". When applying approved procedures, whether in normal situations, but especially in abnormal or emergency situations, remember that Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-7 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) teamwork is essential in maintaining open communication for the safety of the flight. Open lines of communication and strong crew coordination can only lead to a positive and safe working environment. The importance of effective communication cannot be over emphasized. Keep in mind the one crew concept; it has a positive effect on flight safety. 3.3 Leadership Passengers are very dependent on Flight Attendants for leadership. If this leadership is not received, chaos, and further injury or loss of life are the result. To be effective, Flight Attendants must be aware of the various types of passengers and their actions in an emergency "Negative panic" or freezing often occurs in aircraft accidents. It is an inactive reaction to an emergency situation – denial. "Positive panic" is an overreaction to an emergency situation. Positive panic also tends to turn into "false leadership", as the passenger is out of control and making uninformed decisions for all involved – extremely deadly. 3.4 Pressurization Problems 3.4.1 Pressurization - General Modern jet aircraft give their best performance at high altitudes of 30,000 to 40,000 feet. While flying at these very high altitudes enables modern aircraft to fly over the bad weather and develop more speed with an economical consumption of fuel, special arrangements must be made to reduce the hazard to passengers being subjected to conditions at these heights. The problem is overcome by the use of a pressurized aircraft cabin. This means that the cabin is filled with air which is at a pressure higher than that of the surrounding atmosphere, and the comfort and well-being of the passenger is assured by maintaining a pressure inside the aircraft, equivalent in altitude to 5,000 to 8,000 feet, with adequately controlled ventilation and temperature ranges. The cabin, flight deck and all cargo holds are pressurized, which is controlled (and monitored by warning systems) in the flight deck by the flight crew. To simulate ground level conditions (atmospheric pressure 14.7 lb psi) while operating at 40,000 feet (2.7 lb psi) would involve a cabin pressure differential of 12 lb psi and, while this would Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-8 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) represent the ideal for passenger comfort and crew efficiency, the structural and associated problems would be considerable. For normal passengers sitting at rest, it has already been stated that oxygen is not required below 10,000 feet, so that in currently developed aircraft, the simulated cabin altitude is in the region of 5,000 to 8,000 feet, using a cabin differential pressure of 8 to 9 lb psi for large jets flying up to 40,000 feet. 3.4.2 Minor Pressurization Problem (Slow Leak) There are 2 ways an aircraft could lose its pressurization:  leaking seal at door or window;  mechanical malfunction of the pressurization system. It is also very difficult to detect by passengers and crew as signs are barely visible. a) Mechanical Signs / Cabin Indications A minor pressurization problem, or a slow leak, is generally noticed in the cabin as a whistling or rushing air sound around a door or window, and a drop in cabin temperature. b) Physiological Symptoms  ear discomfort as the pressure changes  dizziness  euphoria  uncoordinated movements  eventual hypoxia A slow leak is not generally accompanied by any drastic or readily apparent physical phenomenon, but the effects of hypoxia could still be experienced. ***Note*** Hypoxia: an oxygen deficiency in the body tissues, such as those of the nervous system. Flight Attendants may experience symptoms much sooner than the passengers due to physical exertion. Any combination of the above symptoms may be an indication of a cabin pressurization problem. Flight Attendants should monitor the passengers and themselves for any signs of hypoxia or ear discomfort, and be prepared to administer oxygen, if required. When in doubt, the Flight Attendant should verify their feelings with other crew members and then advise the Captain immediately. Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-9 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) c) Flight Attendant Duties If it is suspected the aircraft is gradually losing pressure:  advise the Captain immediately, who will turn on the SEATBELT - NO SMOKING signs;  follow the Captain's instructions;  if required, the Captain will direct the IFD to relocate passengers or any loose articles away from the immediate area;  ensure seatbelts are fastened;  limit activity, and monitor passengers and crew;  administer oxygen, if required;  do not attempt to fix a slow leak; and  on the Captain's instruction, the oxygen demonstration may be repeated. d) Flight Deck Duties The PIC will make the following PA announcement: "THIS IS THE CAPTAIN SPEAKING. WE HAVE A MINOR PRESSURIZATION PROBLEM, PLEASE FASTEN YOUR SEATBELT." The PIC will advise on any further action to be taken. e) Post Minor Pressurization Problem Duties Refer to Section 3.4.4: Post Depressurization Duties. 3.4.3 Rapid Depressurization Possible causes are:  loss of window or cargo door, or fuselage breakup in flight;  failure in pressurization system. a) Mechanical Signs / Cabin Indications In a rapid depressurization, the cabin pressure will quickly decrease to that existing outside the aircraft, and is characterized by:  an explosive or loud bang;  sudden cooling of the cabin;  fogging due to rapid cooling and condensation;  a rush of air as the high pressure gases are sucked toward the low pressure gases outside; and  flying dust, debris, and loose objects in the cabin due to the force of pressure equalization. Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-10 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) ***Note*** The oxygen masks deploy when the cabin altitude reaches 14, 000 feet. The mechanical signs of a rapid depressurization will happen seemingly all at once. At the same time these are occurring, every person on board will also experience the physiological symptoms of a rapid depressurization. b) Physiological Symptoms  cheek and lip flutter;  rapid chest expansion;  gas expansion in the intestinal tract;  bleeding from the nose and/or ears;  ear and sinus pain; and  chilling of the body by the cold air. Passengers and crew may also experience the following signs and symptoms of hypoxia:  lack of coordination;  possible collapse;  cyanosis; and  eventual unconsciousness. c) Immediate Flight Attendant Duties In the event of a rapid depressurization: 1. IMMEDIATELY don the nearest oxygen mask; 2. sit down and fasten seatbelt securely or, if unable, grab onto a secure structure; and 3. remain seated and strapped in until the aircraft has levelled off at a safe altitude and the PIC has advised that it is safe to continue with duties. ***Note*** Personal masks and/or face coverings must be removed to properly don the oxygen mask. If you are not at a Flight Attendant jumpseat, take the spare mask nearest you, put it on, and secure yourself in the nearest seat. There is a spare mask in every oxygen compartment. IMPORTANT: Remain where you are until the aircraft has levelled off and the Captain has advised you that it is safe to move around. Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-11 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) d) Flight Deck Duties The PIC will carry out an emergency descent procedure which will include the following items:  pilots will start their usage of oxygen immediately;  turn on the Passenger signs (i.e., seatbelt sign illuminated);  announce the emergency descent on the PA: "THIS IS THE CAPTAIN SPEAKING. RAPID DESCENT, RAPID DESCENT." Once the aircraft has descended to a safe altitude, the PIC will announce over the PA: "THIS IS THE CAPTAIN SPEAKING. WE ARE NOW AT AN ALTITUDE WHERE OXYGEN IS NO LONGER REQUIRED. IT IS SAFE TO REMOVE YOUR MASKS. FLIGHT ATTENDANTS COMMENCE POST DEPRESSURIZATION DUTIES, IFD TO THE INTERPHONE." 3.4.4 Post Depressurization Duties Once the PA from the flight deck is received that it is safe to start post depressurization duties, Flight Attendants will: IFD Flight Attendants 1. Remove dropdown oxygen 1. Remove dropdown oxygen mask. mask. 2. Ensure the cabin lighting is full 2. Obtain and don nearest portable bright. oxygen cylinder. Administer oxygen (HI flow) only to passengers or crew who require it. 3. Make PA: "ANY SMELL OF 3. Check on other Flight Attendants. BURNING WHICH MAY BE Provide first aid assistance and EVIDENT IS A RESULT OF THE administer oxygen, if required. OPERATION OF THE CHEMICAL OXYGEN GENERATOR SYSTEM WHICH HAS JUST BEEN USED - DO NOT BE ALARMED." Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-12 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) IFD Flight Attendants 4. Call the flight deck (routine call) 4. Assist passengers and secure to receive an initial status report the cabin: and relay the following:  conduct cabin/lavatory checks  advise that Flight Attendants and provide passenger first aid are proceeding with post assistance and administer depressurization duties; oxygen, if required;  relay all known information on  inform passenger to remove the condition of the Flight dropdown oxygen masks; Attendants, passengers, and ***Note*** Do not re-stow cabin; and dropdown cabin  confirm next communication masks. steps.  assess cabin for structural ***Note*** Be prepared to receive damage; the TEST sequence;  relocate passengers, if however, the flight deck required; may indicate that it may restrict passenger movement be provided in next  and ensure passengers are update. seated with seat belts fastened infants are secured;  investigate smoke detector warning - cancel if determined false;  investigate burning smells, determine if due to oxygen generators;  enforce no smoking;  secure loose cabin items and ensure galleys/galley equipment is stowed/secured;  communicate cabin and passenger status to the IFD; and  once oxygen has stopped flowing, secure the flight attendant jumpseat dropdown masks to avoid potential interference with Flight Attendant duties or egress after landing. To secure, bundle masks/tubing together and tie in a loose knot. ***Note*** Do not re-stow dropdown masks. Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-13 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) IFD Flight Attendants 5. Obtain and don nearest portable 5. Be prepared to receive TEST oxygen cylinder. Administer sequence. oxygen (HI flow) only to passengers or crew who require it. 6. Check on other Flight Attendants and relay information from the flight deck’s initial status report. 7. Assess cabin and passenger conditions and assist Flight Attendants to complete duties. 8. Call the flight deck (routine call) to provide an update and confirm completion of post depressurization duties. 9. Be prepared to receive the TEST sequence. 3.5 Fire Prevention and Early Detection Early detection and prompt response from crew members is critical for survival when onboard fire, smoke or fumes is suspected or detected. Flight Attendants play an important role in fire prevention as cabin abnormalities can be quickly identified and communicated to the Captain. Duties include the inclusion of the following during routine cabin monitoring:  enforcing no smoking regulations;  maintaining lavatory cleanliness and ensuring that smoke detectors are not obstructed:  smoke detector activation must be investigated immediately and, if required, fire fighting procedures applied;  maintaining cabin cleanliness by ensuring that floor areas and overhead bins are clutter free (e.g. paper, garbage);  ensuring that waste bin flaps (lavatory, galley) are closed and accessible;  undertaking responsible galley appliance and USB charging station usage:  turning off electrical supply to malfunctioning equipment;  following circuit breaker policy;  checking ovens for foreign objects or debris prior to use (e.g. grease/oil, plastic, paper, etc.). Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-14 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) Obvious signs of fire such as open flames and smoke may not always be present. Indicators of potential fire in progress include:  electrical indications: tripped circuit breakers and noises that may indicate electrical arching (e.g. snapping, popping, crackling);  hot spots on panels, sidewalls or the floor;  fumes or unusual odours;  passenger or crew complaint of physical discomfort (e.g. headaches, sore throat, irritated eyes, etc.) that may indicate reaction to fumes. 3.6 Fire Fighting 3.6.1 Fire Chemistry Fire is a chemical reaction occurring between:  Fuel  Oxygen  Heat These 3 elements are known as the fire triangle. If any one of the above elements is removed, the fire will no longer burn. 3.6.2 Classification of Fire There are 4 common classes of fires: Class Description Extinguisher Type Remarks A Ordinary Halon, Halotron or Any other non- combustibles Water flammable liquid can (e.g. wood, paper, be substituted (i.e., cloth, rubber, non-alcoholic garbage, and beverages). plastics) B Flammable liquids or Halon or Halotron Do not use water on flammable gases flammable liquids since (e.g. propane, the fuel and fire area natural gas, could splatter. gasoline, kerosene, oil, grease) C Energized electrical Halon or Halotron Only nonconducting equipment extinguishing agents (e.g. electrical must be used. Do not wiring, appliances) use water for electrical fires. Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-15 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) Class Description Extinguisher Type Remarks D Combustible metals N/A - cabin is not Attempting to combat a (e.g. magnesium, equipped with metal fire is not a crew aluminum, titanium, extinguishers for member responsibility. etc.) Class D fires. 3.6.3 Prevention and Early Detection Fires are an especially serious event on board an aircraft. To prevent an onboard fire, Flight Attendants must remain alert to any potential hazards and, in the event of a fire, detect its source quickly. Flight Attendants play an important role in fire prevention and should be on alert for fire hazards such as: Cabin Galley Lavatories  Items in passenger  Spilled fats or oils in  Paper/debris/waste and crew cabin ovens build up baggage, including  Inappropriate items in  Overflowing waste PEDs ovens bin  Paper/debris/waste  Inappropriate items in  Passengers smoking build up USB charging station  Faulty electrical  Passengers smoking  Electrical appliances systems  Dangerous goods such (e.g., ovens,  Signs of smoke coffee makers) detector tampering Risk mitigation includes, but is not limited to:  Ensure correct usage  Follow circuit breaker  Ensure lavatories are of in-seat power policy kept tidy, waste bin system  Clean up spills in flaps are closed, and  Ensure PEDs are ovens smoke detectors are stowed safely and not not obstructed  Report dirty/soiled in a position where ovens  Respond immediately they may be subject to smoke detector Ensure oven inserts to being crushed activation  are correctly installed,  Keep cabin tidy clean and not  Regular cabin damaged (i.e., free of monitoring paper, labels, spilled fats or oils)  Check ovens before operating Fires are not always obvious (i.e., smoke and flames may not be visible) but there may be other indications that a potential fire is in progress. Signs to be aware of that require investigation and application of fire fighting procedures, as required, are: Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-16 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM)  fumes or unusual odours;  electrical malfunctions (e.g. circuit breakers tripping);  noises that may indicate electrical arcing (e.g. popping, snapping or crackling);  hot spots on sidewalls, floors and panels;  passenger/crew complaints of sudden eye irritation, sore throat and/or headache which may indicate the presence of gas fumes. 3.6.4 Responding to Lavatory Smoke Detector Alarm Procedure  Investigate immediately/take required action (fight fire if necessary). If the alarm is false:  Advise Captain that no fire exists.  Determine if a PA should be made to passengers. See also Section 2.28.2: Smoking Violations. 3.6.5 Fire Fighting Procedures a) General Onboard fires have the potential to consume an aircraft quickly, and are immediately life threatening. Time is critical and aggressive intervention is required. Fires can be complex and, to successfully fight a fire, Flight Attendants must understand fire chemistry basics and the appropriate extinguisher to use. Flight Attendants must be prepared to tailor fire fighting procedures to deal with the situation in the most expedient and efficient manner. b) Safe Fire Fighting Practices  Any occurrence concerning a fire in the cabin should be communicated immediately to the PIC who must be kept informed of all actions taken and the effects of those actions. It is essential that crew members coordinate their actions and that each crew member is fully informed of the other's actions and intentions.  Minimizing the spreading of smoke and fumes into the flight deck is critical for the continued safe operation of the aircraft and, therefore, it is essential to keep the flight deck door closed at all times, unless otherwise directed by the PIC.  The use of the interphone should be the primary means of communication unless the interphone system fails. Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-17 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM)  To minimize body exposure, don full uniform (i.e., blazer) and/or extra clothing, if available.  If wearing PPE (e.g. mask), remove prior to donning PBE.  Clear passengers from the fire area and reseat as necessary.  Always use the back of the hand for a tactile search of heat sources to avoid burning the palm-side of the hand which is critical for handling fire fighting equipment.  Locate the fire source. To avoid wasting limited fire fighting resources, do not attack smoke with fire extinguisher agent.  When applicable, ensure that the power source has been removed.  Never use the water fire extinguisher on a Class B or C fire.  When fire fighting stand as close to the fire as possible and use fire extinguishers properly (pull, aim, squeeze, sweep).  To avoid damaging essential aircraft systems, use caution when creating holes or removing panels.  Never turn your back to the fire - back away if necessary.  Recognize the potential for a prepared emergency landing and emergency evacuation. c) Fire Control If the fire has not been controlled and extinguished, the PIC will give the IFD instructions. The PIC may deliver a PA concerning the emergency and what steps are being taken to deal with the situation. Flight Attendants must be alert and await instructions from the PIC/IFD concerning the need to prepare the cabin for an emergency landing. Refer to Section 3.18.2: Planned Emergency Landing Notification. Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-18 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) 3.6.6 Fire Fighter Roles and Responsibilities A team effort is the most effective way to combat an onboard fire. Backup Fire Fighter / Primary Fire Fighter Communicator Situation Management The Flight Attendant The Flight Attendant Next on scene Flight who finds and fights the first called to assist by Attendants called to fire. the primary fire fighter. assist for backup and situation management.  Assess the scene  Respond to backup  Respond to backup  Remove power call by supplying call by supplying source (if necessary) additional fire fighting additional fire fighting equipment equipment  Alert other cabin crew by calling for backup.  Make an emergency  Support the fire Call out or use the interphone call to the fighting effort and be PA: flight deck (2,2,2). ready to take over the Continuously primary fire fighting “Backup to ____ communicate role, if required (state location of accurate fire/cabin Remove flammable fire). Backup to  details to flight deck: material and oxygen ____ (state location of fire).”  location bottles from the area  Obtain nearest Halon  source and  Provide Passenger / Halotron fire classification Management: extinguisher and a  severity  passenger PBE  smoke (severity, relocation  Don protective density, colour,  PA advisory equipment (PBE, odour) (instruct gloves) as  action being taken passengers to appropriate bend over, cover situation in the nose and mouth   Fight/extinguish fire cabin with Monitor site for re- number of fire cloth/clothing)   ignition extinguishers  distribute used dampened hand  when fire has towels been extinguished (time/conditions  Relay the PIC permitting) instructions to crew members including relocation of passengers Passenger Management If there are passengers within proximity to the fire, Flight Attendants will move them away from the immediate area. If possible, distribute Rev33 - 01 Nov 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-19 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) wet towels to the passengers and instruct them to protect themselves from smoke inhalation. If a passenger requires treatment for smoke inhalation, move them as far away from the affected area as possible. After the fire has been extinguished, oxygen may be administered. Flight Attendant presence in the cabin is imperative to prevent passenger panic. Flight Attendants who are not actively involved in the fire fighting effort should prioritize cabin presence to calm and reassure passengers. 3.6.7 Compartment Fire Compartment fires are in a part of the cabin that has restricted air flow to/from the main cabin. This section applies to:  lavatories  overhead bins  closets Procedure 1. Assess the scene. 2. Keep the compartment closed to deprive the source of oxygen. 3. Call for backup to initiate Communicator and Backup Fire Fighter duties. 4. Obtain nearest Halon/Halotron fire extinguisher and a PBE. 5. Don protective equipment. 6. If applicable, command passengers to move away. 7. Assess the fire with a tactile search of the compartment. 8. Open the compartment slightly - just enough to insert the fire extinguisher nozzle. Visually confirm that there is a fire (look for flame). Is the fire source visible? Yes: No: a) Discharge the fire a) Using caution, open the extinguisher at the source compartment wider. of the fire. b) Locate the source of the b) Close the compartment fire. and monitor for c) Discharge the fire extinguishment. extinguisher at the source of the fire. d) Close the compartment and monitor for extinguishment. Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-20 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) 9. Monitor site for re-ignition.  Caution should be taken if saturating an overhead bin following a fire as the liquid may come into contact with wiring in the PSU. 10. Apply post-fire fighting procedures. IMPORTANT: Cabin baggage fire in overhead bin fire: If the source is determined to be a PED/lithium battery, fight fire as outlined in Section 3.6.17: High Energy Fire Fighting Procedures. 3.6.8 Galley Oven / USB Charging Station Fire Procedure 1. Assess the scene. 2. Keep the appliance door closed to deprive the source of oxygen. 3. Remove the power by pulling the circuit breakers. 4. Call for backup to initiate Communicator and Backup Fire Fighter duties. 5. Obtain nearest Halon/Halotron fire extinguisher and a PBE. 6. Don protective equipment. 7. Open the appliance door slightly - just enough to insert the fire extinguisher nozzle. Visually confirm that there is a fire (look for flame). IMPORTANT: USB Charging Station Fire: If the source is determined to be a PED/lithium battery, fight fire as outlined in Section 3.6.17: High Energy Fire Fighting Procedures. Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-21 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) Is the fire source visible? Yes: No: a) Discharge the fire a) Using caution, open the extinguisher at the source door wider. of the fire. b) Locate the source of the b) Close the door and fire. monitor for c) Discharge the fire extinguishment. extinguisher at the source of the fire. d) Close the door and monitor for extinguishment. 8. Monitor site for re-ignition. 9. Apply post-fire fighting procedures. 3.6.9 Waste Bin (Galley / Lavatory) Fire Procedure 1. Assess the scene. 2. Keep the waste bin flap closed to deprive the source of oxygen. 3. Call for backup to initiate Communicator and Backup Fire Fighter duties. 4. Obtain nearest Halon/Halotron extinguisher and a PBE. 5. Don protective equipment. 6. If applicable, command passengers to move away. 7. Open the waste bin flap slightly - just enough to insert the fire extinguisher nozzle. Visually confirm that there is a fire (look for flame). Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-22 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) Is the fire source visible? Yes: No: a) Discharge the fire a) Using caution, open the extinguisher at the source waste bin flap wider. of the fire. b) Locate the source of the b) Allow waste bin flap to fire. close and monitor for c) Discharge the fire extinguishment. extinguisher at the source of the fire. d) Allow waste bin flap to close and monitor for extinguishment. 8. Monitor site for re-ignition.  Once the waste bin fire appears to be extinguished, pull the bin out and douse the contents with a non- flammable liquid. Use the protective gloves to remove the waste bin from its stowage unit. Break up any residual embers and douse the debris with water. If the fire has been in a lavatory waste bin, check to see if the automatic fire extinguisher has dispelled its contents. Once the waste bin fire is completely extinguished, place the bin back into its stowage. 9. Apply post-fire fighting procedures. 3.6.10 Galley Appliance / In-Seat Power System Fire Procedure 1. Assess the scene. 2. Remove the power. Pull circuit breakers or coordinate with flight crew to remove power source. 3. Call for backup to initiate Communicator and Backup Fire Fighter duties. 4. Obtain nearest Halon/Halotron fire extinguisher and a PBE. 5. Don protective equipment. 6. Extinguish fire. 7. Monitor site for re-ignition. 8. Apply post-fire fighting procedures. ***Note*** All fires occurring with PEDs plugged into an in-seat power system outlet must be fought as outlined in Section 3.6.17: High Energy Fire Fighting Procedures. Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-23 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) 3.6.11 Hidden / Electrical Fire An electrical fire might be caused by an overheated or faulty electrical appliance such as a beverage maker or faulty lighting system. Electrical fires produce a strong acrid smell. Water must not be used to douse an electrical fire. The fire axe may be safely utilized to gain access to such fires because of the protection from electrocution by the dolomite handle. Procedure 1. Assess the scene. 2. Remove the power. Pull circuit breakers or coordinate with flight crew to remove power source. 3. Call for backup to initiate Communicator and Backup Fire Fighter duties. 4. Obtain nearest Halon/Halotron extinguisher and a PBE. 5. Don protective equipment. 6. If applicable, command passengers to move away. 7. If the fire is not visible, conduct a tactile search to locate the hot spot. Once located, inform the PIC of the location and obtain permission for the use of the fire axe (as required). 8. As required, use the fire axe to make a hole large enough to insert the extinguisher nozzle or remove the panel. 9. Discharge Halon/Halotron extinguisher. 10. Complete another tactile search. IMPORTANT: Always ensure the PIC is continually updated and obtain permission for all activity related to use of the fire axe and removal of panels. Is the area cooling down? Yes: No: a) Carefully remove a) Keep using the fire axe to panelling. make hole larger to locate the source of the b) Locate source of fire. fire or remove panelling. Look for flame. b) Locate the source of the c) Fight the fire until fire. Look for flame. extinguished. c) Fight fire until extinguished. 11. Monitor site for re-ignition. 12. Apply post-fire fighting procedures. Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-24 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) 3.6.12 Cabin Baggage Fire Procedure 1. Assess the scene. 2. Call for backup to initiate Communicator and Backup Fire Fighter duties. 3. Obtain nearest Halon/Halotron fire extinguisher and a PBE. 4. Don protective equipment. 5. If applicable, command passengers to move away. IMPORTANT: If the source of the fire is determined to be a PED/lithium battery, fight fire as outlined in Section 3.6.17: High Energy Fire Fighting Procedures. 6. Extinguish fire. 7. Remove/isolate baggage and saturate area with non- flammable liquid. 8. Monitor site for re-ignition. 9. Apply post-fire fighting procedures. 3.6.13 Seat (Passenger / Cabin Jumpseat) Fire Procedure 1. Assess the scene. IMPORTANT: Coordinate with flight crew to remove the power source: - if the fire is a passenger seat fire and the aircraft is equipped with an In-Seat Power System; - for fires located at cabin jumpseats (electrical communication and attendant control panels). 2. Call for backup to initiate Communicator and Backup Fire Fighter duties. 3. Obtain nearest Halon/Halotron fire extinguisher and a PBE. 4. Don protective equipment. 5. If applicable, command passengers to move away. 6. Extinguish fire. 7. Saturate non-electrical components (i.e., seat cushion remnants) with non-flammable liquid. Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-25 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) 8. Monitor site for re-ignition. 9. Apply post-fire fighting procedures. 3.6.14 Fire on a Person Procedure 1. Order person to stop moving. If possible, order them to drop down and roll. 2. Immediately smoother flames using available fabric material (e.g. clothing, blanket) and/or douse with water or non-flammable liquid to extinguish the fire. 3. Advise PIC. 4. Administer first aid. IMPORTANT: Do not fan flames or use Halon 1211. 3.6.15 Flight Deck Fire If called to the flight deck to assist, follow the flight crew's instructions. 3.6.16 High Energy Fire and Thermal Runaway a) High Energy Fire A high energy fire involves the combustion of dangerous goods containing chemicals with a high energy density, such as is available in lithium batteries. High energy fires may occur when such batteries experience thermal runaway. A high energy fire can be explosive, exceedingly hot, and can result in large volumes of toxic or flammable gasses. After extinguishment, the device may require a period of time to cool prior to containment to minimize the possibility of re-ignition. b) Thermal Runaway Thermal runaway is a situation where the chemical condition and the temperature within a battery cell are such that heat is generated faster than it can be dissipated, resulting in a chain reaction where the rising cell temperature accelerates the chemical reaction in the battery and destroys it. The thermal runaway event is often associated with the release of significant quantities of smoke, gases and heat (in excess of 600°C), as well as the potential for resulting fire, explosion and/or the release if flammable electrolyte material as well as miscellaneous shrapnel from the device. Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-26 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) c) Recognition of Thermal Runaway In addition to the PED becoming hot to the touch, other signs of thermal runaway may be present. Signs that a thermal runaway is imminent or has commenced include, but are not limited to the following:  alert warning on the PED screen that the PED has overheated and must be cooled down;  excessive heat when touched;  discoloration or deformation of the display including a rainbow effect;  smell of burning plastic;  smoke emitting from the PED;  sizzling or hissing sounds from the PED;  sparks from the PED; and/or  loud popping sounds or explosion similar to the sound of a fire cracker. d) Cooling of Batteries Experiencing Thermal Runaway Cooling battery cells in a PED to limit thermal propagation to adjacent cells is critical to extinguishing a high energy fire, whether prior to thermal runaway or after flames have begun to emit from a device. Current best practices often recommend cooling the cells by dousing the device with water or other non-alcoholic liquids. Dousing with liquid is intended to ensure that the device is saturated internally, which cools the battery cells. As more water-resistant devices enter the consumer market, cooling the device with liquids may become more challenging. ***Note*** The use of water under, above or behind a panel containing electrical wiring or electrical components is not recommended. Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-27 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) 3.6.17 High Energy Fire Fighting Procedures Flight Attendant Action 1. ASSESS THE SITUATION To assess the situation the following are considered:  The failing or failed device location:  Passenger compartment (e.g. aisle, under a passenger seat, seat pocket, overhead bin, or Flight Attendant assigned iPad/personal PED).  Flight deck (e.g. mounted/stowed iPad, personal PED).  Type of device (e.g. laptop, tablet, smartphone, power bank, e-cigarette/vape)  Device status (e.g. hot to the touch, smoking, burning, visible flame).  Device orientation.  How passengers and/or crew members are responding to the incident. Crew members should be aware of potential negative  reactions from passengers when surrendering their device. Until such time the risk to passengers is apparent or real, a passenger may be apprehensive to surrender their device. Crew members should act quickly to inform the passenger of the reasons why surrendering the device is critical to the safety of the flight. 2. IDENTIFY THE ITEM It may not be possible to identify the source of the fire and/or smoke immediately if the fire has started in a seat pocket or the device is not readily accessible. In this case, fire fighting procedures should be applied as the first step. If the item is contained in baggage, crew members action would be similar to the actions for a PED that is visible or readily accessible. Precaution:  To avoid injury from a flashfire, it is not recommended to open the affected baggage when there is any indication of smoke and/flames. However, in certain situations, crew members may assess and deem it necessary to slightly open the baggage to allow entry of the extinguishing agent and non-flammable liquid. This should be done with extreme caution and only after donning protective equipment. Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-28 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) Flight Attendant Action 3. APPLY FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES a) Remove the power. If safe to do so, it is important to instruct the passenger to disconnect the device from the power source. By removing the power supply from the device, it will be assured that additional energy is not being supplied to the device promoting a fire. When applicable to the aircraft’s configuration, turn off in-seat power to the remaining electrical outlets. Precaution: Do not attempt to remove the battery from the device. b) Call for backup to initiate Communicator and Backup Fire Fighter duties. c) Obtain nearest Halon/Halotron extinguisher and a PBE. d) Don protective equipment. e) If applicable, command passengers to move away. f) Approach the device with caution and only as close as necessary to effectively extinguish the flames and mitigate smoke generation. g) Discharge extinguisher. h) After extinguishing the device, douse the device with water or other non-alcoholic liquid. Water or other non-flammable liquids must be used to cool a battery that has ignited to prevent the spread of heat to other cells in the battery. If water is not available, any non-flammable liquid may be used to cool the device. Ensure, as possible, that water used to cool the batteries is entering the interior of the device. Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-29 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) Flight Attendant Action Once possible, submerge the device in water if deemed necessary to ensure re-ignition of the fire does not take place. Precautions:  Liquid may turn to steam when applied to a hot battery or PED.  The use of water, under, above or behind a panel containing electrical wiring or electrical components is not recommended.  Maintain a safe distance from the device while monitoring cool down. A safe distance is recommended to be the same safe distance as fighting other on-board fires.  Continue to use protective equipment to minimize risk of injury from unexpected thermal runaway and/or explosion. i) Monitor for re-ignition. A battery involved in a thermal runaway can re-ignite and emit flames multiple times as heat is transferred to other cells in the battery. Therefore, the device must be monitored regularly to identify if there is any indication that a fire risk may still exist. If there is any smoke or indication of fire, the device must be doused with more water. Precautions:  Do not attempt to pick up or move the device; batteries may explode or burst into flames without warning. The device must not be moved if displaying any of the following: flames, smoke, cracking sounds, debris and/ or shards of material separating from the device.  Do not cover or enclose the device as it could cause the cells to overheat.  Do not use ice or dry ice to cool the device. Ice or other materials insulate the device increasing the likelihood that additional battery cells will reach thermal runaway. j) Secure the device. The device may be moved with caution following a certain period of time, once it has cooled down, and if there is no evidence of smoke, heat or if there is a reduction in the crackling or hissing sound. Note that while this time frame is approximately 10-15 minutes, the waiting period may vary based on the device and its size. A suitable empty watertight container, such as a pot, waste bin or galley unit, must be filled with enough water to completely submerge the device. It is important to wear protective gloves when moving any extinguished device following a high energy fire or thermal runaway incident. Move the stowage receptacle to a lavatory. Indicate the lavatory as inoperative. Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-30 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) Flight Attendant Action k) Monitor device. Monitor the device and surrounding area for the remainder of the flight to verify that the device does not pose a risk. The affected lavatory must be regularly monitored for the remainder of the flight to ensure that the device remains immersed and is free of re- ignition. l) Apply post-fire fighting procedures. 3.6.18 Post Fire Fighting Procedures  Once a fire has been extinguished, always monitor the site for re- ignition. Assign a Flight Attendant or ABP to this task.  Follow the PIC's instructions.  Attend crew debriefing.  Assist with incident documentation (e.g. communicating used equipment for entry in the Aircraft Journey Log Book, SMS reporting, etc.) 3.7 Flash Fire / Flashover Flash Fire: A fire that feeds on the existing oxygen in a confined area, such as an aircraft cabin. Flash fire occurs when materials in localized area burn and emit combustible gases. When more oxygen is introduced (e.g. when an aircraft exit is opened) the fire intensity is explosive. Flashover: Is the near simultaneous ignition of all combustible material within an enclosed area. When many materials are heated, they release flammable gases. Flashover occurs when the majority of surfaces within the enclosed area are heated to the auto-ignition temperature of those flammable gases. When fire is present, evacuation speed is imperative. 3.8 Fires: Engines and APU  Engine Fire: Aircraft Not In Motion  Engine fire can be caused by an internal engine failure. It is normally monitored and controlled in the flight deck by a fire warning system and an engine fire extinguisher. ***Note*** An engine or the APU may occasionally exhaust flame (known as torching) or a large amount of smoke on start-up, which should not last for more than 2 seconds. Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-31 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM)  Procedures  Flight Attendants must advise the Captain immediately and await further instructions.  If the situation becomes critical and no instructions are received from the flight deck, attempt to call the flight deck; if no answer is given: ASSESS OUTSIDE CONDITIONS, INITIATE EVACUATION. 3.9 Fuel Spills / Fires Fuel may be spilled on the aircraft or ramp during fuelling. Fumes may be present in the cabin and a spark from ground equipment, etc. may ignite the fuel.  Procedures In this event:  notify the flight deck;  assess conditions;  remove PPE;  deplane/evacuate passengers under Captain's direction;  move away from the aircraft;  keep passengers together;  notify emergency personnel. Do not return to aircraft until notified by the Captain or emergency personnel. 3.10 Gate / Apron Emergencies Situations can occur while the aircraft is parked on the apron with stairs or loading bridge attached, or anytime the aircraft is on the taxiway (e.g. smoke, fumes or fire, fuel spill or dangerous goods spill). Procedures  The crew member noticing the emergency must advise the PIC, if on board. Close liaison must be maintained between the flight deck and cabin crew. This is the IFD's responsibility.  If the Pilots are not on board, the IFD will assume command.  If an evacuation is necessary, the severity of the situation will govern the procedures to follow. The following is for your consideration:  If time and circumstances permit, have the passengers use the door(s) at the loading bridge or stairs. Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-32 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM)  If the situation is critical, evacuate through any or all doors with stairs in place and other usable exits.  In either case, direct passengers to a safe area away, at least 100 metres, from the aircraft.  Assist passengers in every way possible until relieved by ground personnel or until your help is no longer required. IMPORTANT: It is essential to assess outside conditions prior to opening any exit in an emergency. Evacuation slides at certain exits may have to be armed or disarmed. 3.11 Passenger Transfer Vehicle Emergencies If an emergency occurs on board the aircraft while a PTV is attached: a) Flight Attendants should:  advise the Captain and PTV operator of the emergency;  determine usable exits and prepare to arm doors;  remove PPE;  conduct an evacuation, if necessary;  at exits with PTV attached, direct passengers into and through the PTV; b) the PTV operator should:  acknowledge advice from the Captain or Flight Attendants;  evacuate passengers from the PTV via rear stairs. If an emergency occurs on a PTV while it is attached to the aircraft: a) the PTV operator should:  advise the Flight Attendants of an emergency;  instruct passengers to evacuate into the aircraft;  once all passengers have evacuated, back PTV to a safe distance away from the aircraft; b) Flight Attendants should:  acknowledge PTV operators advice;  relay details of the emergency to the Captain;  determine usable exits and prepare to arm doors;  remove PPE;  conduct an evacuation, if necessary. Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-33 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) 3.12 Cabin Smoke / Smoke Removal 3.12.1 General Smoke can be removed from the passenger cabin and flight deck through procedures directed by the Captain. Depending on the severity of the smoke/fire, the Captain may initiate a rapid descent.  Flight Attendants:  advise Captain via interphone;  obtain firefighting equipment, remove PPE and prepare to fight potential fire;  if unable to find source, on the advice of the Captain, be seated for a possible rapid descent; and  await instructions from the flight deck and be prepared for possible emergency landing. To assist passengers with breathing, instruct them to bend forward to waist level and maintain slow, shallow breathing. If possible, distribute damp napkins/cloths to hold over nose and mouth. 3.12.2 Condensation Condensation may be visible in the cabin during the start-up of the aircraft if the air conditioning system is operating. Its appearance is similar to smoke, except that it is odourless and has a "misty" quality to it. Passenger Announcement: If heavy condensation develops in the cabin, the Flight Attendant will immediately make a cabin announcement explaining that there is no "smoke" being emitted; it is condensation from the air conditioning unit, it will dissipate shortly, and that it is not a safety hazard. Passengers will be advised there is no need to be alarmed. 3.13 Fuel Fumes in the Cabin If the Flight Attendant notices any gaseous odours in the cabin, they must immediately report it to the Captain Refer to Section 3.5: Fire Prevention and Early Detection. 3.14 Fuel Dumping Fuel dumping is a procedure that may be necessary prior to landing in order to reduce the weight of the aircraft or as a precaution in an emergency landing. Aircraft operated by Flair do not have the capability to dump fuel. Should a situation arise just after takeoff, depending on its severity, Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-34 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) the Captain will make the decision to circle in order to reduce fuel or make an overweight landing. 3.15 Incapacitated Pilot 3.15.1 Communication In case of incapacitation of a flight crew member, the remaining Pilot will request assistance via the PA: "THIS IS THE CAPTAIN SPEAKING. IFD TO INTERPHONE" or use the non-verbal emergency call:  high/low chime x3; The IFD or Flight Attendant will then gain access to the flight deck using the emergency access code, then:  act under remaining Pilot's direction;  pull Pilot away from controls;  tighten and manually lock the shoulder harness of the incapacitated Pilot;  push the seat completely AFT on its track;  recline the seat back. 3.15.2 Removal The removal of the incapacitated Pilot is done under the instructions of the PIC. Procedures  Able Bodied Passenger (ABP) or other Flight Attendant stands AFT of the pilot's seat, grasping the pilot under the arms, locking their hands on the Pilot's chest.  Flight Attendant stands inboard, raises the armrest and releases the Pilot's seatbelt/shoulder harness.  ABP or other Flight Attendant lifts the pilot out of their seat while the Flight Attendant standing inboard of the incapacitated Pilot's seat lifts and guides their legs past the flight controls.  If a qualified Pilot is available:  strap the incapacitated Pilot in a passenger seat and administer first aid, as required;  if oxygen is required, a portable oxygen bottle from the cabin must be used;  the qualified Pilot will occupy the flight deck seat and assist, as required. Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-35 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM)  If a qualified Pilot is unavailable:  the IFD or Flight Attendant may be required, on request from the PIC, to assist in the flight deck with checklists, etc. ***Note*** The incapacitated Pilot is secured in a passenger seat (not at an emergency exit row) since the main observer seat restricts access from the flight deck to the cabin when occupied. 3.16 Incapacitated Flight Attendant 3.16.1 Prior to Departure When passengers are carried, the B737 must be operated with a minimum of 4 FAs, one of whom must be IFD qualified. If a Flight Attendant becomes incapacitated, or is otherwise not able to operate the flight, prior to departure, either before or after check- in, such that the Minimum Cabin Crew compliment prescribed in Section 2.10: Minimum Cabin Crew cannot be maintained, the flight may be operated without one of the Flight Attendants if:  no other qualified Flight Attendant is available at the point of departure;  no more than 150 passengers are on board;  at least one Flight Attendant is assigned to each pair of floor level exits (1L and 2L);  Flight Attendant emergency positions are covered in level of importance (IFD, 2L and 1R); and  if no passengers are seated near emergency exits, reseat ABPs. ***Note*** Flair must submit a report to its assigned principal cabin safety inspector after the completion of each flight where this provision has been used. 3.16.2 In Flight In the case where an IFD or FA becomes incapacitated or very ill during flight, the IFD, or another FA (as applicable) will:  ensure first aid is given to the crew member;  advise the PIC;  if the IFD is incapacitated and no other FA is qualified, the PIC will assign a FA to act as the IFD;  ensure the emergency positions are covered in order of priority (IFD, 2L and 1R); and Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-36 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM)  relocate the crew member to a passenger seat (not at an emergency exit row) and secure for the remainder of the flight. Assign an ABP to the crew member, if required. In the case of a flight with scheduled stops, Flair will replace an acting IFD with a new designated IFD at the first scheduled stop where the replacement can be made. Flair will keep a record of any replacement under this provision for at least 2 years after the day on which the flight is completed. 3.17 Notification of an Emergency 3.17.1 Cabin to Flight Deck a) To report a situation:  use the interphone to contact the Captain:  Press 222 (PILOT ALERT)  state your position in the cabin;  state the problem. b) If the interphone is inoperable:  proceed to the flight deck;  follow procedures for inoperative interphone (see Section 7.5.4: Passenger Address / Interphone System). c) During critical phases of flight:  the flight deck is not to be contacted unless an emergency situation is present;  use the interphone for communication;  ensure information is correct and brief. 3.17.2 Flight Deck to Cabin  In the event of a Planned Emergency Landing or pilot incapacitation, the Captain will state over the PA: "THIS IS THE CAPTAIN SPEAKING. IFD TO THE INTERPHONE" or use the non-verbal emergency call:  high/low chime x3. ***Note*** The Captain will be listening on the interphone, waiting for the IFD to respond.  To be seated for a Planned Emergency Landing, the Captain will announce over the PA: "THIS IS THE CAPTAIN SPEAKING. FLIGHT ATTENDANTS TO YOUR STATIONS. FLIGHT ATTENDANTS TO YOUR STATIONS." (at 1,000 feet or approximately 2 minutes). Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-37 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) 3.17.3 IFD to Flight Attendants To brief Flight Attendants regarding a planned emergency situation, the IFD will:  receive TEST sequence from the Captain; and  brief Flight Attendants according to the Emergency Preparation Checklist. 3.18 Emergency Landing Preparation Checklist 3.18.1 General The Emergency Landing Preparation Checklist provides cabin crew with the guidance to handle emergency landings in which passenger preparation is required. ***Note*** Refer to Section 7.15: Emergency Landing Preparation Checklist for the ELPC checklist. 3.18.2 Planned Emergency Landing Notification Upon hearing "THIS IS THE CAPTAIN SPEAKING. IFD TO THE INTERPHONE" or the non-verbal emergency call:  high/low chime x3, the IFD will: 1. proceed to the interphone with the ELPC to receive the TEST sequence; 2. brief the Flight Attendants. The Flight Attendants will: 1. stop service, immediately retrieve their ELPC and complete Step 1; 2. receive a briefing from the IFD. 3.19 Able Bodied Passenger Briefings 3.19.1 General In an emergency, Able Bodied Passengers (ABPs) are selected for assistance in crowd control, assisting special attention passengers, and are responsible for unmanned exits and evacuation procedures. Always select persons who appear physically and mentally capable of assisting you, and even to replace you in case you became incapacitated. Specifically:  select people who wish to help (do not force them);  do not separate persons or families travelling together;  speak clearly and calmly using basic terminology; Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-38 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM)  have the ABP repeat the instructions in order to verify that they understood correctly;  reseat ABPs next to the exit;  assign ABPs to special passengers (as required);  in a planned emergency, ABPs must be selected and briefed;  in an unplanned emergency, specific commands are used to get passengers to assist in the evacuation. 3.19.2 Procedure for Briefing ABPs Flight Attendants are required to brief 2 ABPs per emergency exit – one to block the aisle and one to open the exit. For time management, 2 ABPs may be briefed together, provided they are briefed on the same type of exit. Brief ABPs on the following: 1. WHEN You will open this exit when the aircraft comes to a complete stop and/or when you hear 'EVACUATE' 2. IF Outside conditions permit and/or I am unable to open the exit myself. Look outside to see if it is safe to open (no fire or debris). 3. HOW How to open the exit > show the operation on the safety features card or demonstrate/describe at the exit. 4. HOW How to evacuate > explain how to evacuate out of the exit. 5. HOW How to block > block the exit if fire, debris or danger is present and re-direct passengers to the nearest exit. Once the ABPs have been briefed, re-seat them in close proximity to their assigned exit and ensure they are secure (e.g. seatbelt fastened). Brief on new brace position, if required. ***Note*** ABP Briefing Cards are attached to the ELPC to assist Flight Attendants in an emergency. See Section 7.16: ABP Briefings. Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-39 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) 3.20 Brace Positions 3.20.1 General These general instructions are applicable to all brace positions listed below:  The lower torso should be firmly against the seat back.  The safety belt should be worn as tight and as low on the torso as possible. The more tightly the safety belt is adjusted, the better restraint it will provide.  If the safety belt includes a shoulder harness, the harness should be adjusted so that it is tight but does not pull the lap portion of the safety belt upward.  The webbing of a safety belt and safety harness should lie flat against the body and should not be twisted.  Feet should be flat on the floor and slightly in front of the edge of the occupant's seat; legs and feet should not be placed under the occupied seat or the seat forward of it in order to prevent feet/leg injury should either seat collapse during impact.  Transport Canada recommends that shoes be left on, with the exception of very high/spiked heeled shoes that, although unlikely, could puncture an evacuation slide. Leaving shoes on provides protection against sharp or molten metal, fuel, broken trees, debris, etc., acts as an insulator against snow, ice and hot surfaces, and can expedite escape away from the aircraft.  If removal of very high heeled shoes is necessary, shoes must be stowed in an approved stowage area (such as an overhead bin) and should not be placed in the seat pocket where they could injure the person while assuming the brace position.  Pillows or blankets should not be used between the passenger and the object they would brace against. Pillows and blankets are not usually designed to absorb energy or distribute impact loads over the body, and they could increase the likelihood of injury by giving a false impression that the body is being properly supported. Also, pillows and blankets create additional clutter in aisles which can be an impediment in an evacuation. Pillows or blankets may, however, be used as indicated in the information pertaining to the brace position for children in order to raise a small child so that the safety belt will fit securely. Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-40 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) 3.20.2 Passenger Brace Positions a) Passenger Seat - Forward Facing (Low Density / Bulkhead) Forward facing seat Safety belt only Low density seating Arms wrapped under legs (a) Seatbelt tightly fastened around hips (and below belly for pregnant women). (b) Feet flat on floor and slightly in front of edge of seat. (c) Passenger bent forward and arms wrapped under or behind legs. May also grasp ankles. (d) Face pressed into lap (straight down). Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-41 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) b) Passenger Seat - Forward Facing (High Density) Forward facing seat Safety belt only High density seating Against seat and against seat with break over feature (a) Seatbelt tightly fastened around hips (and below belly for pregnant women). (b) Feet flat on floor and slightly in front of edge of seat. (c) Passenger bent forward; place arms at side with hands tucked under legs with palms of hands facing up. (d) Passenger should avoid locking out their elbows in this position. Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-42 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) c) Passenger With Lap Held Infant Forward facing seat Safety belt only Adult holding infant (a) Seatbelt fastened around adult only. (b) Feet flat on floor and slightly in front of edge of seat. (c) Passenger holds infant facing shoulder with one arm around the infant’s torso and the other arm supporting the infant’s head. (d) The adult should then lean forward and rest the top of their head firmly against the seat back in front of them so the infant is held in the space formed between the adult and the forward seat back. It is very important for the adult to lean forward as much as possible to protect the infant. The closer the adult is to the seat back ahead, the better. ***Note*** The brace position for an adult holding an infant in aircraft with low density seating with forward facing seats and lap straps only, the brace position described above should be adopted; however, the adult should lean forward as much as possible with one arm around the infant’s torso and the other arm supporting the infant’s head. 3.20.3 Children Generally, children occupying passenger seats should adopt the same brace positions as adults. Because of their smaller stature, the flail envelope of children is smaller than that of adults. Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-43 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) The safety belt should be placed low on the child's torso, just above the legs at the hips. If the safety belt cannot be adjusted so that it is tight on a small child, the child may sit on a pillow or blanket in order to raise the child so that the safety belt will fit securely. The pillow should not be placed behind the child. Children seated in a forward facing seat should bend forward over the safety belt and rest their head on the seat cushion between their legs, or bend their head forward, over the edge of the cushion, as appropriate for their height. This is done to reduce head flailing. 3.20.4 Occupants of Child Restraint Systems Occupants of approved child restraint systems should remain in those systems in preparation for an emergency landing. Occupants seated in approved child restraint systems should be braced in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer of the device. If no instructions are available, the principles of bracing previously described can be followed. AFT-facing child restraint systems usually provide even support to the infant's torso and head. Therefore no additional brace for impact efforts are necessary. 3.20.5 Pregnant Women or Passengers Who Have Physical Limitations or Space Limitations The brace position for pregnant women is the same as the high density seating brace position (see Section 3.20.2: Passenger Brace Positions). Pregnant women should be instructed to place the safety belt low, below the abdomen, so that it applies its forces to the pelvis. ***Note*** The high density seating brace position may be easier for pregnant women and passengers who have physical limitations or space limitations to assume than the low density seating brace position. Rev32 - 13 Jun 2024 Emergency Procedures 3-44 Flair Airlines Ltd Flight Attendant Manual (FAM) 3.20.6 Flight Attendant Brace Positions AFT Facing Flight Attendant Jumpseat AFT facing seat Safety belt and shoulder harness (a) Seatbelt and shoulder harness tightly fastened. (b) Feet flat on floor and slightly in front of seat edge. (c) Hands: Either flat on lap, clasping the front edge of seat or palms up under thighs. (d) Head straight and pressed against head rest. ***Note*** Flight Attendants are required to adopt the appropriate brace position for the assigned jumpseat for each takeoff and landing. Flight Attendants displaced to a passenger seat due to an inoperative jumpseat will adopt the brace position applicable to the seat in an emergency. 3.21 Brace Signal / Command The brace signal is used by the Flight Attendants, prior to an emergency landing, to notify the passengers that they have to assume the brace position for impact. Just prior to landing at 200 feet (approximately 15