Fall Semester Review 2023 PDF

***FALL SEMESTER REVIEW23*** **GLOBAL PREHISTORIC** 1\. In the absence of written records, and prior to carbon dating, what are two methods archaeologists might use to date a finding? a\. stratification and relative dating b\. stratification and incising c\. relative dating and DNA analysis d\...

***FALL SEMESTER REVIEW23*** **GLOBAL PREHISTORIC** 1\. In the absence of written records, and prior to carbon dating, what are two methods archaeologists might use to date a finding? a\. stratification and relative dating b\. stratification and incising c\. relative dating and DNA analysis d\. relative dating and abrasion 2\. The oldest type of art is a. 3\. The [Beaker with Ibex Motifs] was found in a\. a secluded cave b. a raised acropolis mound c\. a domestic setting d. a river bed 4\. The imagery on the [Beaker with Ibex Motifs] is best described as having a\. realistic and anatomically precise imagery b\. incised and completely abstract c\. stylized, geometric, non-naturalistic forms d\. minimal, bas relief decoration 5\. The [Terra Cotta Fragments] from the Lapita culture a\. are carved from greywacke stone b\. are paleolithic fragments of pots used for cooking c\. are shaped by hand, made from terra cotta, and incised using dentate or stamps d\. come from a single site/location of ritual significance [ ] 6\. The Lapita culture is noteworthy not only for their pottery but also a. b. c. d. 7\. Of the following artworks, which was created first? a\.  [Jade Cong] b.  Stonehenge c.  [Hall of the Bulls] d. [Beaker with Ibex Motifs] 8\. The [Camelid Sacrum] is from a\.  Tequixquiac, Mexico b.  Altamira, Spain c. Papua New Guinea d. Lapita 9\. The [Camelid Sacrum] best demonstrates the use of a\. additive sculpture b. abrasion c. stamps d. incised lines 10\. Which word best describes the image on of the [The Apollo 11 Stones]? a\. contour b. silhouette c. naturalistic/realistic d. geometric 11\. Which statement about the [Ambum Stone] is NOT true: a. b. c. d. 12\. The [Ambum Stone] is significant in its history in that it chronicles a bigger story about a. b. c. d. 13. Which is NOT typically viewed as a possible reason [The Tlatico Female Figurine] from Central Mexico has two faces? 14\. Many works of prehistoric art had a funerary purpose as can be seen in a\. the [Terra-cotta Fragment] from Lapita, which represents funerary practices b\. the [Ambum Stone], which represents a sacred animal in a deathlike pose c\. the [Camelid Sacrum], which is carved from a dead animal d\. the [Jade Cong], which is found in a burial site 15\. A number of theories have been proposed about the purpose of the Lascaux Cave paintings. Among the likely theories is a\. prehistoric kings believed they absorbed the power of the animals b\. the drawings reflected primitive masks used for ritual purposes c\. shamans perhaps entered into a trancelike state before the paintings d\. they illustrate the first occurrence of ritual tattooing 16\. Prehistoric images of people wearing masks, such as [Running Horned Woman] indicate an ancient interest in a\. coronation of royalty and a sophisticated power structure b\. a formal hierarchy of religious leaders, including women c\. ceremonial centers and designated performers d\. ritual presentations in which the participants paint their bodies and dance 17\. [Running Horned Woman] was found in a\. Nukuro b. Tassili N'ajjer c. Tequixquiac d. Pohnpei 18\. The most basic unit of construction in architecture, as seen at Stonehenge, is a\. mortice and lentil b. post and tenon c. post and lintel d. column and arch 19\. Which is NOT believed to be a possible function of Stonehenge? a\. astrological/solar/lunar calendar that could predict eclipses b\. a burial site c\. an earthly home for gods and goddesses d\. center for ceremonies concerning death **THE PACIFIC** 20\. The weaving technique used to make tapa requires a\. a heating process whereby the fabric is covered with wax and the threads are melted in place b\. the use of silk threads to be woven onto a background of sheep's wool c\. beating soaked strips of tree bark into a flat surface to be later woven into a cloth-like fabric d\. stitching thread into a pre-made backing to form a design 21\. Oceania was settled by the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ people 4,000 years ago (from the east). a\. Maori b. Papuan c. Nukuro d. Lapita 22\. The two types of navigation charts from the Marshall Islands are a\. rebbelib and mattang b. rattang and mebbelib c\. mana and tapa d. ahu and moai 23\. The picture below is an 'Ahu 'ula from Hawaii. Which was NOT a function of the 'Ahu 'ula? a\. regalia for the elite and visual reinforcement of the hierarchy b\. provided symbolic, sacred protection from the gods c\. part of an elaborate costume of a bird used in rituals d\. provided physical protection 24\. In Pacific Island societies, men were mainly active in creating which of the following? a\. mats b. wood carvings c. pottery d. tapestries 25\. Of all the locations we discussed in the Pacific, which one supposedly had the most stratified social structure? a\. Nukuro b. Nan Madol c. Rapa Nui d. Hawai'i 26\. The [Wooden Female Deity] was most likely part of a religious ceremony called Mataariki (when harvesting began). The idea/concept that local deities resided in animals or were represented in stones or wooden figurines is called a\.   hiapo b.  ahu'ula c.   tino aitu d.  mattang 27\. Figures like the [Wooden Female Deity] later inspired \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, because they considered "primitive" art to be the purest form of art. a\. Greek and Roman artists b. Easter Island artists c\. Renaissance artists d. 20^th^ century artists 28\. The [Buk (mask)] originates from which of the following? a. c\. Papua New Guinea d. Torres Strait 29\. What ultimately ended up happening to other masks similar to the [Buk (mask)]? c\. missionaries stole the masks d\. Peruvian slave raiders stole the masks 30\.  How are the ahu and moai of Rapa Nui related? a\.  Moai are large stone statues depicting female figurines, while ahu depict male figurines b\.  Moai are stone platforms upon which stone ahu statues rest c\.  Ahu are large stone statues depicting female figurines while ahu depict male figurines d\.  Ahu are stone platforms upon which stone moai statues rest 31\. Which is true? a\. ALL moai had low relief carvings on their backs relating to the Birdman religion b\. ALL moai face outward toward the ocean c\. moai are precise, realistic portraits of ancestral leaders d\. moai originally had coral eyes 32\. What happened to the people of Rapa Nui? a. b. c. d. 33\. The island city of Nan Madol is the only city in existence to be built a\.   on a coral reef b.   at the base of an ancient volcano c\.   out of stone megaliths d.   on naturally occurring raised platforms 34\. Which is the best example of applied art? a\. [Navigation Chart] b. [Buk (mask)] c\. [Staff god] d. [Nukuro Female Deity] 35\.   The [Staff God] of the late 18^th^ century would have   a\.  stood upright in the village common area b.  been worn as a costume       c\. been reproduced to sell to Europeans d.  been hidden in a secret stone structure 36\. What was Queen Elizabeth ll presented with during her trip to Fiji while on her Royal Tour in 1953? a\. navigation charts b. mats and bark cloth c\. stone carvings and figurines d. masks 37\. Malagan masks are known specifically for their impressive use of a\. negative space and intricate carving b. simplicity and limited color c\. flexible/moving parts d. turtle shells and raffia 38\. The Malagan cycle of rituals is primarily concerned with a\. honoring and dismissing the dead, freeing the living from obligations b\. creating totems of mythological creatures connected to specific families or clans c\. reenacting narratives of heroes that have achieved supernatural feats d\. honoring the new chief and his family 39\. Ta moko originated from what culture? a\. Hawaiian b. Niuean c. Papua New Guinean d. Maori **INDIGENOUS AMERICAS** 40\. Roughly around what year did the Spanish begin invading the Americas? a\. 1500 BCE b. 1500 CE c.  500 BCE d. 500 CE 41\. At the Chavín de Huántar site, nose ornaments a\.   were used for leading sacrificed people into the underworld b\.   worn to show allegiance to the Chavín religion c\.   were pierced in the wearer's nose at the time of puberty d\. were worn by warriors 42\. A comb roof could be found at the site of   a\.   Chavín de Huántar b.   Templo Mayor c.   Yaxchilán d.   Mesa Verde cliff dwellings 43\. The Aztecs called themselves the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and spoke \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. a\. Mexica, Nahuatl b. Azteka, Nahuatl c. Nahuatl, Spanish d. Mexica, Spanish 44\. The two temples on top of Templo Mayor are dedicated to a\. Tlaloc and Huitzilopochtli b. Coyolxauhqui and Tlaloc c\. Bird Jaguar lV and Shiel Jaguar ll d. Tlaloc and Inti 45\. The placement of the [Relief of Coyolxauhqui] was critical not only to Aztec religious observances but also to the political persona of the empire. Which of the following was the location of the relief? 46\. The [Intihuantana Stone] at Machu Picchu was believed to a\.   be where ritual sacrifices were performed b\.   track the passage of the sun, determine equinoxes, and when religious events would take place c\.   be a god d\.   be used for initiations 47\. After the Spanish conquest, Machu Picchu was raided and destroyed by Hernan Cortez. a\. True b. False 48\. The discovery of the [Olmec Style Mask] found buried as an offering in the Templo Mayor suggests a\. the Aztecs had a reverence for ancient cultures that came before and a vast trade network b\. the Aztecs use Olmec people as their sacrificial victims c\. the previous Olmec civilization was buried underneath the Aztec capital d\. the Aztecs and Olmec were enemies 49\. A signature mark of Incan architecture is a\. a lattice façade b. the corbeled arch c\. trapezoidal doorway and windows d. monolithic sculptures 50\. What happened to the Qorikancha? a. b. c. d. 51\. Miniature gold and silver figurines, like the [Maize Cob], created out of hammered metal sheets were found at a\. Chavin de Huantar b. Qorikancha c. Mesa Verde Cliff dwellings d. Yaxchilan 52\. Saqsa Waman is believed to have been a\. a palace b. a fortress c. a monastery d. a marketplace 53\. What type of arch/vault design was used in Structure 40 at Yaxchilan? a\. Ellipse b. barrel c. contour d. corbeled 54\. Native American artworks often show the influence of Europeans in that they 55\. What forced Native Americans of North America to relocate? a\. lack of natural resources b\. Indian Removal Act of 1830 d\.  overpopulation 56\. What term is used to describe the circular, subterranean rooms at Cliff Place? a\. amantecas b. pueblos c. kivas d. apus 57\. Maria and Julian Martinez are credited with a\. introducing the pottery wheel to the Puebloans b\. raising Pueblo utilitarian ceramic vessels into Fine Art for tourists and consumers c\. painting elaborate, nostalgic scenes on elk hides d\. designing intricate bandolier bags 58\. The [Painted Elk Hide] depicts a. b. c. d. 59\. A potlatch is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ a\. a ceremony where hosts displayed their status by giving away gifts to those in attendance b\. a type or latch the open and closes a transformation mask c\. a type of ovoid design used to decorate transformation masks d\. a specific type of carving tool used to carve mask 60\. Which tribe is generally associated with [Great Serpent Mound]? a\. Anasazi b. Fort Ancient Culture c. Pueblo d. Lenape 61\. What is an effigy? a\. a temple b. a burial c. a mask d. an image or representation of something **ANCIENT NEAR EAST** 62\. Mesopotamia is the land between which two rivers? a\. Tigris and Euphrates b. Nile and Euphrates c. Nile and Tigris d. Tiber and Euphrates 63\. The main room of a temple is called a a\. cella b. clerestory c. nave d. pylon 64\. The [Standard of Ur] was found inside a a\. tomb b. temple c. shrine d. ziggurat 65\. Bull-headed capitals would most likely be found in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. a\. Mexico b. Jericho      c. Persia        d. Israel 66\. The Ziggurat at Ur can best be described as a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. a\.  Sumerian burial ground b.  fortified city-state      c\.  palace for Naram-Sin        d.  temple base 67\. The [Code of Hammurabi] is noteworthy artistically because a\. it shows humans depicted anatomically correct b\. it makes use of narrative registers c\. the angled throne shows the beginnings of foreshortening d\. it is the first time a ruler is depicted in art 68\. Which term describes the [Lamassu]'s power to ward off evil or bad luck? a\. anatropic b. apotropaic c. apandana d. aniconic 69\. Which statement is true about the lamassu? a. b. c. d. 70\. Of these pieces from the Ancient Near East, which one showed daring innovation by depicting a compositional scene/environment rather than relying on narrative registers? a\. [The Victory Stele of Naram-Sin] b. [Code of Hammurabi] c. [The Standard of Ur] d. [The Palette of Narmar] 71\. Naram-Sin was an Assyrian ruler. a\. True b. False 72\. The wide-eyed stares of the [Sumerian Votive Statuettes] represent a\.  portraits of specific people b.  eternal wakefulness c.  priests d.  heightened senses 73\. Only two Sumerian statues of votive figures survive. a\. True b. False   74\. Who sacked, looted, and burned Persepolis? a. **ANCIENT EGYPT** 75\. What time period best represents the approximate date for the Egyptian Old Kingdom? a\. 5,000 BCE b. 550 BCE c. 1500 BCE d. 2500 BCE 76\. The first known architect recorded in history is a\. Imhotep b. Khafre c. Aten d. Menkaure 77\. This crown symbolizes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Egypt?  a\. Lower b. Upper 78\. Who is responsible for unifying upper and lower Egypt? a\. Akhenaton b. Narmer c. Imhotep d. Naram-Sin 79\. What term refers to the style/look/measurement of which a human figure is rendered? a\. canon of proportions b. guide of anatomy c\. classical prototype d. pose of proportions 80\. The architectural structure depicted in the structure is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. slide31\_2\_orig.jpg a\. colonnade b. causeway c. clerestory d. pylon 81\. The Stepped Pyramid of King Djoser can be found at a\. Luxor b. Saqqara c. Karnak d. Thebes 82\. The top of an obelisk or pyramid references the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ or sacred stone that is the icon of the primeval mound. a\. ahu-ahu b. ben-ben c. tin atui d. jay-jay 83\. Where was King Tutankhamun buried? a\. in one of the Pyramids at Giza b. in a small tomb near Cairo c\. in the Valley of the Kings near Luxor d. at the Temple at Karnak 84\. In the statue we studied of Hatshepsut, why is she shown kneeling? a\. because she was a woman and not really a pharaoh b\. because a statue/embodiment of the god Amun would have passed in front of her during special rituals c\. because a statue/embodiment of the god Osiris would have passed in front of her during special rituals d\. because the statue is meant to teach her followers how to properly worship her 85\. What is the term for something found in its original location? a\. discoveritu b. in founding c. in situ d. situs en 86\. The [Seated Scribe] was found at a\. Luxor b. Saqqara c. Karnak d. Thebes 87\. Which artistic convention does the [The Palette of King Narmer] show the use of? a\. foreshortening b. hierarchy of scale c\. atmospheric perspective d. anatomically correct humans 88\. The use of elongated heads and necks, and intimate, relaxed, naturalistic poses describes which of the following periods?              a.  Old Kingdom b.  Middle Kingdom c. Amarna Period       d.  Predynastic 89\. A "city of the dead" is called a a\. causeway b. mastaba c. mortuary d. necropolis **GREECE** 90\. The earliest known example of the use of contrapposto in sculpture is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. a\. [Kriosos From Anavysos] b. [Kritios Boy] c\. [Diskobolos] d. [Apoxyomenos] 91\. The Delian League consisted of a\. high-ranking Athenian officials b. an alliance between Hellenic city-states d\. a school of virtuoso artists d. an alliance meant to destroy the Athenians 92\. The result of the Persian war altered the Athenians mindset and made them more a\. fearful, prompting them to create heavy fortifications b. emotional and prone to make art depicting the weak c\. egotistical and prideful d. weary, creating an economic decline 93\. To emphasize realism in [The Seated Boxer], the artist used a\. gold to symbolize the boxer's victory over his opponents b\. ivory to highlight the tousled nature of his hair during combat c\. copper to indicate wounds on the hands and face d\. silver bruising to give a sense of physical and emotional weariness 94\. The function of [Kroisos from Anayvsos] was to a\. mark the grave a young man b. worship a god c\. celebrate a military victory d. honor athletes from the Olympics 95\. [Kroisos from Anayvsos] has what in common with Egyptian sculpture? a\. nudity b. archaic smile c. contrapposto d. firm stance 96\. Polykleitos is credited with creating a\. contrapposto b. a 1:8 canon of proportions c\. the Parthenon d. a 1:7 canon of proportions 97\. [The Panathenaic Procession] on the Parthenon depicts what? a\. the defeat of the centaurs b. descent of the gods and goddesses from Mt. Olympus c\. the Athenian parade for their gods d. a parade of gods and goddesses for the Athenians 98\. Iktinos and Kallikrates are the artists/architects for a\. the Propylaia b. the Parthenon c. the Erechtheion d. [Diskobolos] 99\. The technique of painting with pigmented wax is called a\. contrapposto b. lost-wax process c. incising d. encaustic 100\. Which term means a temple with columns on all 4 sides? a\. peripteral b. pedimentary c. tholos d. dipartite 101\. The bulging of Greek columns and tapering towards the capital, is called a\. stasis b. entasis c. encasing d. entropy 102\. Besides the beauty of geometry, what else are the Greeks thinking about when designing their temples? a. b. c. d. 103\. Who was the sculptor responsible for the gold and ivory, 38 ft. tall statue of Athena that stood in the cella of the Parthenon? a\. Phidas b. Lysippos c. Mnesikles d. Polykleitos 104\. The Panathenaic Procession would have passed through the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ or gateway into the Acropolis. a\. propylaia b. Erectheion c. parapet d. pinakotheke 105\. Greek statues were brightly painted. a\. True b. False 106\. A tholos style temple is round with columns. a\. True b. False 107\. Archaic smiles were added to sculptures to portray extreme emotions. a\. True b. False 108\. Contrapposto first appears in sculpture during the Severe period. a\. True b. False 109\. [Athena Battling Alkyoneos] is a detail from the frieze on the Parthenon in the Acropolis of Athens. a\. True b. False **ETRURIA / ROME** 110\. Where did the Etruscans flourish? a\. central and northern Italy b. Spain c. mainland Greece d. southern Italy 111\. The Temple of Minerva in Veii, Italy, had all the features below EXCEPT which one? a\. it is made of stone b. columns only on the front entrance c\. it had life-size statues on the rooftop d. triple cella 112\. Etruscan sculpture is known for a\. being extremely dramatic b. being extremely stiff c\. being somber d. dynamically moving in space 113\. What time period best represents the approximate date for Roman Empire? a\. 410- 27 BCE b. 427- 610 CE c\. 610- 27 BCE d. 27 BCE- 410 CE 114\. In 211 BCE, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, conqueror of the wealthy Sicilian Greek city of Syracuse brought back to Rome not only the spoils of war but also ART! a\. Marcellus b. Trajan c. Nerva d. Hadrian 115\. The city of Petra was annexed by Rome in 106 CE by the emperor a\. Hadrian b. Nero c. Trajan d. Octavian 116\. The "Flavian Amphitheater" was later called the Colosseum because of a 30 ft statue of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ that was located nearby. a\. Hadrian b. Nero c. Trajan d. Octavian 117\. The title of "Augustus" (the majestic or exalted) was bestowed upon a\. Hadrian b. Nero c. Trajan d. Octavian 118\. The Arch of Titus shows the conquest of a\. Judea b. Petra c. Rome d. Constantinople 119\. The [Ludovisi Battle Sacrophagus] is a good example of a\. atmospheric perspective b. ashlar masonry c. horror vacui d. verism 120\. The infant depicted on a dolphin next to the emperor in the [Augustus of Prima Porta] is important because it declares a\. the importance of family values b. the baby is his son and will be Augustus' successor c\. Augustus' claim to be a descendent of the gods d. children are the future 121\. The panel [Imperial Procession] placed on the Ara Pacis alludes to which Roman ideals set in place by Augusts? a\. free will b. family values c\. heroism in battle d. power to the senate 122\. Which term describes "the brutally realistic" style of sculptures popular during the Republic which emphasized such virtues as wisdom? a\. Classic b. Veristic c. Hellenistic d. Antique 123\. The House of Vetii was located in Rome, Italy. a. True b. False 124\. What is the term used for a Roman private house? a. domus b. vespii c. cubicula d. triclinium 125\. In the 2^nd^ style of Pompeiian Painting, there is evidence of a. impasto b. linear and atmospheric perspective c. continuous narrative d. oil paint 126\. What type of vault in shown in the picture below?  a\. barrel vault b. groin vault c. fenestrated sequence of groin vaults d. intersection vaults **LATE ANTIQUITY / BYZANTINE / EARLY MEDIEVAL** 127\. What term is used to describe art or architecture that has been repurposed or reused (in a different setting or for a different purpose than it was originally intended)? 128\. Gospel books a\. are biographies of Jesus b. discuss apocalyptic visions of the Last Judgment c\. foretell the coming of Jesus d. are letters written by saints after the death of Jesus 129\. What Old Testament story prefigures Jesus's resurrection? a\. Genesis b. Daniel in the Lion's Den c. Jonah and the Whale d. Noah's Flood 130\. The mosaics of Justinian and Theodora have been placed in San Vitale a\. to commemorate a state visit by the Emperor and Empress b\. as a thank you for helping to construct the building c\. as stand-ins to symbolize their semidivine status as participants in the mass d\. because they were declared saints after they died 131\. The painters of the catacombs preferred the fresco technique because a\. oil paint does not blend well on wall surfaces b\. mosaics were unavailable during this period c\. fresco forms a permanent bond with the wall d\. Christians have used fresco since Egyptian times 132\. What is the term for the area shaped like a triangle that transitions the space between the flat walls and the base of a round dome? a\. squinch b. pendentive c. icon d. basket 133\. [The Book of Lindisfarne] was illuminated by a bishop named \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. a\. Eadfrith b. Durham c. Northumberland d. Charlemagne 134\. [The Book of Lindisfarne] is a mix of Christian theology with traditional interlaced patterning from what culture? a\. Viking b. Roman c. Merovingian d. Celtic 135\. A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is an inscription at the end of a manuscript containing relevant information on its publication. a\. folio b. codex c. colophon d. vellum 136\. [The Good Shepherd] is an image in early Christian catacombs that has its origins in the Bible, but pictorially the images are inspired by a\. Greek images of shepherding b\. Roman belief in agrarian virtues c\. Muslim cultivation of extensively planned gardens d\. prehistoric cave paintings of people and their animals 137\. What is the earliest dateable period for Christian art?          a.  5^th^ century b.  1^st^ century c.  3^rd^ century d. 6^th^ century 138\. The Hagia Sophia's layout is a\. cruciform b. axially planned c\. centrally planned d. a combination of centrally and axially planned 139\. Hiberno-Saxon Art comes from which area? a\. France b. Spain c. British Isles d. Turkey 140\. [The Merovingian Looped Fibulae] displays a\. incising b. bronze casting c. tessarae d. cloisonné