FAD-TODARC.pdf

Problem Solving & Decision-Making Models Classical Decision Making – Long Term / Strategic / Rational: This approach optimises a decision by comparing all available options, under no time pressure. Aviation Decision Making (ADM) – Short Term / Tactical: This approach satisfices rather than optimises...

Problem Solving & Decision-Making Models Classical Decision Making – Long Term / Strategic / Rational: This approach optimises a decision by comparing all available options, under no time pressure. Aviation Decision Making (ADM) – Short Term / Tactical: This approach satisfices rather than optimises decisions based on time constraints and experience and training on recognising problems and retrieving options within a limited boundary. The aim of Problem-solving and Decision-Making Training for Aviation is to make all Productive Skills into Reproductive Recognisable Patterns. Decision Making Mnemonics help structure the Judgement and Decision Process. The mnemonic “FAD-TODARC” is to be used deliberately for all time limited and time available decisions, and intuitively during time critical situations. Time Critical decisions follow the defined Memory Items processes and Procedures of the Manufacturer. Upon stabilising the aircraft state and subject to time now being not critical, use of the mnemonic shall be used by the crew to help them structure the process. For Time Limited and Time Available decisions the mnemonic shall be used deliberately, once the aircraft safety state is assured. As flying and applying procedures is considered part of the core values and what we do in the background, irrespective of the contextual situation we shall focus on the problem-solving and decision-making process. Defining the problem, assists with the “Uncertainty Estimate”, whereas categorising the problem in relation to time attributes assists with the “Option Retrieval”. These elements are part of the “Judgement Process”. The “Selection” of a Choice”, and the “Implementation” are part of the “Decision Process”. The “Review” stage helps with the problem-solving structure and further analysis. F – Fly the Aircraft / Protect the Primary Task / Airbus’ Golden Rules A – Apply Procedures / ECAM / SOPs NOR-ABN D – Define / Diagnose the Problem – Linear (simple) – Complex – Complicated T – Time Attributes: Time Critical / Time Limited / Time Available O – Options / evaluate alternatives for the purpose of satisficing D – Decision / best option within time constraints and information available A – Action the solution / Prioritise / delegate / monitor R – Review the situation – This may lead back to “Define” the problem if the situation is not under control. (As applicable consider: Fuel – penalties – consumption – state // Navigation capabilities – NAT-HLA – MNPS – RVSM – RNAV – PBN // Performance requirements for LDG – G/A // Weather – Landing Minima – Cold Temperature corrections // Engineering support – MEL-relief // OCC support – Passenger Handling – Hotels – connecting flights – Hospitals // Crew Welfare – FTLs). C – Communicate with the Cabin Crew, the passengers, ATC and OCC using the NITS structure to inform them of the situation and the intentions / requirements FAD-TODAR, assists with the structure required to deal with the 2-stage process of ADM. Situation Assessment and Action Choice. Any situation problem-solving has the following stages: Judgement Process: Problem Definition | Uncertainty Estimate| Time Estimate | Option Retrieval Decision Process: Action Choice | Action Implementation This model is used intuitively during complex application of procedures (Memory Items, ECAM Failures, etc.). Deliberately when we have time to analyse, evaluate and create solutions. It helps us bridge and align the short-term problem-solving and decision-making to the holistic approach required to manage the failure and come up with as close as possible solution to an optimum one.