General Anatomy 1 PDF
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Uploaded by GreatNash7831
College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad
Dr. Ali Sareeh
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Summary
This document introduces the key concepts of human anatomy, including anatomical position, body planes, body cavities, and body movements. It provides clear explanations and diagrams, making it a valuable educational resource for understanding fundamental anatomical principles. Anatomical terms and directional references are also highlighted.
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# General Anatomy 1 Dr. Ali Sareeh ## Human Anatomy is the science of the structure of the body. The word is derived indirectly from the Greek “anatome”. *Ana up tome=cut* ## Content 1. Anatomical position 2. Planes of the body 3. Body cavities 4. Body movement ## Anatomical position -...
# General Anatomy 1 Dr. Ali Sareeh ## Human Anatomy is the science of the structure of the body. The word is derived indirectly from the Greek “anatome”. *Ana up tome=cut* ## Content 1. Anatomical position 2. Planes of the body 3. Body cavities 4. Body movement ## Anatomical position - Standing erect - Facing forward - Arms at each side - Palms facing forward - Legs are parallel - Toes facing forward ## Supine position - Lying and face up ## Planes of the body - To identify the different sections of the body, anatomists use an imaginary flat surface called a plane. | Plane | Description | |---|---| | Midsagittal (median) | Vertical plane, dividing the body into right and left sides at midpoint. | | Coronal (frontal) | Dividing the body into Anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) aspects. | | Transverse (horizontal) | Parallel to the ground dividing the body into Superior (upper) and inferior (lower) aspect. | ## Direction term - **Superior (Cranial)**: Above, in a higher position toward the head. - **Inferior (Caudal)**: Below, in a lower position. The abdomen is **superior** to the pelvic and **inferior** to the chest. ## Direction term - **Medial**: Toward the midline of the body - **Lateral**: Toward the side of the body The eye is **medial** to the ear The ear is **lateral** to the nose ## Direction term - **Anterior (Ventral)**: Toward or at the front (belly) of the body. - **Posterior (Dorsal)**: Toward or at the back (dorsum) of the body. Ear is **posterior** to the eye Nose is **anterior** to the ear ## Direction term - **Proximal:** Nearer to the point of attachment or to a given reference point. - **Distal:** Farther from the point of attachment or from a given reference point. Wrist is **distal** to the elbow Elbow is **proximal** to the wrist ## Direction term - **Superficial (external)**: Closer to the surface of the body. - **Deep (internal)**: Closer to the center of the body. Epidermis is **superficial** to the dermis. ## Body Cavities | Cavity | Contains| |---|---| | **Dorsal** | | | Cranial | Brain | | Spinal | Spinal cord | | **Ventral** | | | Thoracic | Heart, lungs, and associated structures | | Abdominopelvic | Digestive, excretory, and reproductive organs and structures | **Diaphragm** The muscle that separates the thoracic from the abdominal cavity ## Body Movement - **Abduction**: Movement away from the midsagittal. - **Adduction**: Movement toward the midsagittal. ## Body movement - **Flexion**: Bending movement that decreases the angle between body parts. - **Extension**: Straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts. ## Rotation - **Internal Rotation**: Toward from the midline. - **External Rotation**: Away from the midline.
