F2024 Leading Projects Week 8 PDF

Leading Projects in an Conte Organizational xt BUSN Week 8 10276 Sandra Napoleone  Today Organizational Culture – how important is this to your success as a PM? Leadership Leadership versus...

Leading Projects in an Conte Organizational xt BUSN Week 8 10276 Sandra Napoleone  Today Organizational Culture – how important is this to your success as a PM? Leadership Leadership versus management Leadership Theories Leadership Style After class assignment (5 marks) due next class week 9 2  Organizational Culture What is it? Pattern of shared values and beliefs that produce certain norms of behaviour. Wiki says Organizational culture influences the ways in which people interact, how decisions are made (or not made), the context within which knowledge is created, the resistance they will have towards certain changes, and ultimately the way they share (or the way they do not share) knowledge. Source wiki 3 Purpose of Organizational Culture To provide a sense of identity to the team or employees Generate commitment to organizations vision and goals Is a guiding principle for how the organization operates day to day and in most cases, this extends to project management 4  Types of Organizational Culture Adhocracy Culture: Emphasizes innovation, flexibility and a dynamic approach to problem-solving Clan Culture: Emphasizes internal focus and integration, prioritizing collaboration, trust and employee well-being Hierarchy Culture: Centers on stability, control and internal efficiency, often featuring formalized procedures and clear organizational structures Market Culture: Aims for competitiveness and achievement, emphasizing external positioning and results-oriented goals https://www.forbes.com/sites/tracylawrence/article/organizational-culture/ 5  Impact of Culture on Projects What is the impact of culture on projects? Culture will impact what the project regularly pays attention to, what it will measure, and control Response and reaction to critical incidents and crises Criteria used to allocate scarce resources 6  Impact of Culture on Project Managers What do you think the impact of culture is on Project Managers? Could impact how you lead or manage a project Might contradict your leadership style causing conflict Added pressure to deliver based on the ‘culture’ versus the project goal or outcome 7  Leadership If you were asked to define leadership – what would you say? 8  Let’s talk Leadership If you were asked to define leadership – what would you say? Take a 5 mins to write a sentence or two on how you define leadership? 9  Question Is leadership different from management? Yes or No? Why? 10  Leadership Defined Leadership - the action of leading a group of people or an organization source Oxford dictionary Leadership is enabling others to accomplish something they couldn’t do on their own, and it is a skill that can be learned. source mckinsey.com 11  Project management Project management entails applying knowledge, skills, tools and techniques for management activities as well as leadership activities. Management activities focus on the means of meeting project objectives, such as having effective processes, planning, coordinating, measuring and monitoring work amongst others. Leadership activities focus on people. Leadership includes influencing, monitoring, listening, enabling and other activities having to do with the project team. Both are important in delivering the intended outcomes. Source PMI v7.0 12  My thoughts on Ability Leadership to influence a group toward the achievement of goals. An effective leader who establishes a connection between the team, individual goals and organizational goals. Leaders are influential, informed and diplomatic As a leader your team, the employees have to believe in the goal and the goal needs to be aligned to the greater organizational strategy. 13  Leadership vs Management Leadership Creates a vision and meaning for the organization Innovates for the entire organization Asks what and why to change standard practice Formulates long-term objectives for reforming the system: Plans strategy and tactics. Uses transformational influence: Induces change in values, attitudes, and behaviour using personal examples and expertise. Uses empowering strategies to make followers internalize values. Status quo challenger; change creator. 14 Leadership vs Managment Management Engages in day-to-day caretaker activities: Maintains and allocates resources Exhibits supervisory behaviour: Acts to make others maintain standard job behaviour Administers subsystems within the firm Asks how and when to engage in standard practice Acts within established culture of the organization Uses transactional influence: Induces compliance in manifest behaviour using rewards, sanctions, and formal authority Relies on control strategies to get things done by subordinates 15  5 Levels of Leadership “Almost no great leader started as a great leader. A good leader can become a great leader” Jim Collins https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LU84BF FqKvI 16  5 Levels of Leadership Level 5 - Highest level leader Build enduring greatness through a paradoxical blend of personal humility and professional will. Level 4 - Effective Leader Catalyze commitment to and vigorous pursuit of a clear and compelling vision, stimulating higher performance standards. Level 3 - Competent Manager Excellent management skills, organize people and resources toward the effective and efficient pursuit of predetermined goals (objectives). Level 2 - Contributing Team Member Great team skills, contributes individual capabilities to the achievement of group objectives and works effectively with others in group settings. Level 1 - Highly Capable Individual Has good individual skills, make productive contributions through talent, knowledge, skills, and 17 good work habits.  Leadership style A leadership style is a leader’s method of providing direction, implementing plans and motivating people Leadership styles Coach Visionary Servant Autocratic or Authoritarian Laissez-faire Democratic Trendsetter Bureaucratic 18  Leadership Theory Leadership theory seeks to explain how and why certain people become leaders Essential qualities of leadership Authenticity Curiosity Analytical prowess Adaptability Creativity Comfort with ambiguity Resilience Empathy Sources verywellminded.com https://hbr.org/2023/12/8-essential-qualities-of-successful-leaders 19  Leadership theories Trait theory Emotional Intelligence and Intellectual Intelligence (EQ and IQ) Situational theory Transactional or management theory Transformational or relationship theory Source https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/leadership-styles-and-theories 20  Trait Theories Trait: characteristics of the person Physical Characteristics(physical) Abilities Personality Traits Traits consistently associated with leadership Ambition, desire to lead Honesty and integrity Self-confidence, Intelligence Relevant Job knowledge 21 Emotional Intelligence and Intellectual Intelligence Emotional Intelligence(EQ) is the best predictor of who will emerge as a leader. Leaders need all the components of emotional intelligence: self-awareness, self-management, self- motivation, empathy, and social skills to become a star performer. IQ and technical skills are “threshold capabilities.” They’re necessary but not sufficient nor the only requirements for leadership. 22  Situational Theory Stresses the importance of considering the context when examining leadership Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Theory** Fiedler Contingency Model Path-Goal Theory Substitutes for Leadership 23  Situational Leadership Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership** The Situational Leadership Model® is a flexible framework that enables leaders to tailor their approach to the needs of their team or individual members. Developed by Paul Hersey in 1969, this model provides a repeatable process for matching leadership behaviors to the performance needs of those being influenced. Unlike other leadership models, Situational Leadership® recognizes that there is no one-size-fits-all approach, allowing leaders to adapt their behaviors to suit the unique needs of each situation. 24  Transactional Theory Transactional or management theory The transactional theory of leadership, also called "management theory," states that leadership is a system of rewards and penalties. It views effective leadership as results-focused and hierarchical. Transactional leaders prioritize order and structure over creativity by rewarding someone who meets a goal and penalizing someone who doesn’t. Source https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/leadership-styles- and-theories 25  Transactional Leaders Contingent Reward Contracts the exchange of rewards for effort, promises rewards for good performance, recognizes accomplishments Management by Exception(passive) Intervenes only if standards are not met somewhat quick to engage Management by Exception (active) Watches and searches for deviations from rules and standards, takes corrective action 26 Laissez-Faire Leader Transformational Theory Transformational or relationship theory The transformational theory of leadership, also called "relationship theory," asserts that effective leadership is the result of a positive relationship between leaders and team members. Transformational leaders motivate and inspire through their enthusiasm and passion. They are a model for their teams, emphasizing a collaborative work environment, diplomatic communication skills, and efficient delegation Source https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/leadership-styles- and-theories 27 Transformational Leaders Charismatic Provides vision and sense of mission, instills pride, gains respect and trust Inspirational Communicates high expectations, uses symbols to focus efforts, expresses important purposes in simple ways Intellectual Promotes intelligence, rationality, and careful problem- solving, collaboration, Focuses on Individualized Engagements Gives personal attention, treats each employee individually, coaches, advises 28  Summary Leading teams requires developing some new skills Patience, Trust, Communication Leading teams requires playing different roles and that you wear different hats  how many is going to be tricky? Negotiator, Problem solver, Coach, Advisor, Motivator, Mediator 29  Summary Leadership plays a key role in how you as a PM will manage projects in an organization Be well informed of the culture and expectations of project delivery in the organization Understand your leadership style and that of your senior leadership team. As well as the leadership team you report to and how those work together? Or how they can create confusion? There will be differing viewpoints that emerge, how does your style change to accommodate that? Remember, this is only the tip of the iceberg, leadership is an ongoing skill that you should keep growing and developing. It most certainly is not a one and done. As you mature in the profession create and keep an active plan for yourself, that focus’ on your development ie leadership skills, communication skills, etc. 30  Summary Leadership is a key differentiator when it comes to project success. Those leaders that are able to motivate a team to accomplish objectives they didn’t think were possible are the leaders who will prosper and create long term value for the organization, and for the team members themselves. 31  After class assignment – 5 marks You are only to choose A or B (not both) Choose A. If you have not had a leadership role. Think about leaders that you have worked for in the past and answer the following questions. What was it about them that you would want to emulate? What aspects have you learned about leadership that you would want to incorporate into your own leadership style? Why is this important to you? Choose B. If you have had a leadership role. Think about what makes up your own leadership style. Explain the background to your leadership style, how did you come to this style? Describe what your leadership traits are and explain how you intend to use them or you have used them? NOTE: if you use any information from any outside source, please clearly note your sources at the end of the 32 assignment. If you do not do so the grade for this  Next week Week 9 On campus next week Review updated learning plan and due dates Review after class assignment 3 Week 9 Interpersonal conflict, Team conflict and communications Talk about assignment 2 33