Extraoral Landmarks 2024 PDF

‫كلية طب الفم واألسنان‬ ‫رؤية الكلية‬ ‫تتطلع الكلية أن تكون في مصاف المؤسسات التعليمية المعترف بها إقليمياً وعالمياً من خالل برامج تعليمية متطورة‬.‫وأبحاث تطبيقية مبتكرة وتنمية مجتمعية مستدامة‬ The Faculty aspires to be a recognized educational institu...

‫كلية طب الفم واألسنان‬ ‫رؤية الكلية‬ ‫تتطلع الكلية أن تكون في مصاف المؤسسات التعليمية المعترف بها إقليمياً وعالمياً من خالل برامج تعليمية متطورة‬.‫وأبحاث تطبيقية مبتكرة وتنمية مجتمعية مستدامة‬ The Faculty aspires to be a recognized educational institution, regionally and internationally, by providing advanced educational programs, innovative applied research, and sustainable community development. ‫رسالة الكلية‬ ‫ ذو كفاءة معرفية وتطبيقية من خالل برامج تعليمية‬،‫إعداد طبيب أسنان ملتزم بالقيم االنسانية واألخالق المهنية‬ ‫ كما تلتزم الكلية بإعداد بحوث تطبيقية‬.‫متطورة تتوافق مع االحتياجات الفعلية لسوق العمل المحلي والعالمي‬.‫متوافقة مع االستراتيجيات القومية وكذلك تقديم خدمة مجتمعية مستدامة وفقاً لمعايير الجودة العالمية‬ The mission is to prepare knowledgeable and well-trained dentists committed to human values and professional ethics, by developing advanced educational programs that correspond to the actual needs of the local and global labor market. The Faculty is also committed to preparing applied research in line with national strategies, as well as providing sustainable community service following international quality standards. ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS OF PROSTHETIC INTEREST Objectives: At the end of the lecture the student should be able to: I- Define anatomical landmarks. II-Differentiate between bony landmarks and soft tissues landmarks. III- Identify extra-oral anatomical landmarks and their relation to complete denture construction. SLOs: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to: 1-Recognize extraoral landmarks of prosthetic importance to complete denture. 2-Define Camper’s line. 3-Identify Willis’ guide. 4-Illustrate anatomical landmarks that limit the periphery of maxillary and mandibular dentures. 5-Demonstrate anatomical landmarks of denture bearing area for maxillary and mandibular dentures. These are anatomical guides that help in denture construction These are either :- I- Bony landmarks II- Soft tissue landmarks  POINTS OF Bony Soft tissues COMPARISON landmarks landmarks Palpation Some are difficult to Easily identified and palpate, while others are easily palpated identification Position Fixed in place changing their relation according to their mobility Measurement The measurement can be duplicated with more accuracy than measurements between soft tissue landmarks.  Extra Oral Landmarks of Prosthetic Importance (in the face) Extra-oral Landmarks 1- Vermillion Border. 2- Philtrum of the lip. 3- Nasolabial sulcus. 4- Mentolabial sulcus. 5- Modiolus. 6- Ala-tragus line. 7- Inter-pupillary line. 8- The angle of the mouth and the outer canthus of the eye.  1- Vermillion Border It is the transitional epithelium between the mucous membrane of the lip and skin The amount of vermillion border shown on the lips depends on 1-The bulk of the orbicularis oris muscle. 2- The amount of the labial alveolar bone. 3-The alignment of the anterior teeth.  After loss of Teeth The amount of vermillion border shown on the upper lip is reduced Alveolar bone resorbed The orbicularis oris muscle loses its support The condition can be corrected by thickening of the labial flange of the denture and proper positioning of the anterior teeth. A B 2- Philtrum of the Lip It is a diamond shaped depression at the center of the upper lip and base of the nose After loss of teeth and labial alveolar bone, the philtrum becomes flattened.  This condition can be improved by construction of proper denture with an appropriate arch-form and tooth alignment.  3- Nasolabial Sulcus It is a depression that extends laterally and downwards from the ala of the nose. The sulcus becomes more prominent with aging due to loss of teeth and loss of vertical dimension. The condition can be modified by proper degree of jaw separation and tooth positioning. Plumpers (thick denture flanges) sometimes improve the condition but it may interfere with muscular activity.  4- Mentolabial Sulcus This is a depression that runs horizontally between the lower lip and the chin  Its curvature indicates the character of the maxillo- mandibular relationship and the degree of over-closure.  Angle Class I (Normal Ridge Relationship ) The sulcus shows a gentle curvature with obtuse angle  Angle Class II Retruded Mandibular Relation The sulcus forms an acute angle  Angle class III Protruded mandibular relationship The sulcus forms an angle of almost 180°.  Quiz Fig A Fig B Fig C  5- Modiolus It is located at the meeting of buccinator and other facial muscles distal to the angle of the mouth. With the loss of teeth the modiolus drops. The appearance can be improved by proper positioning of the maxillary teeth.  6- Ala Tragus Line (Camper’s line) The imaginary line extending from the superior border of the tragus of the ear to the inferior border of the ala of the nose This imaginary line is used as a guide to establish the posterior occlusal plane of the artificial teeth. The Anteroposterior Plane: Antero posterior plane should be parallel to the ala-tragus or Camper's line.  7- The Supra-Orbital Ridge and Eye Pupil (Inter-pupillary line) The imaginary line joining the pupils of the eye called inter- pupillary line It is used as a guide to establish the anterior occlusal plane of the artificial teeth. The Anterior occlusal Plane: Generally the plane to which the anterior teeth should be set, and to which the rim must be trimmed, is parallel to an imaginary line joining the pupils of the eyes (inter-pupillary line) or the supra-orbital ridge 8- The Angle of the Mouth and the Outer Canthus of the Eye  8- The Angle of the Mouth and the Outer Canthus of the Eye The distance from the outer canthus of the eye to the angle of the mouth was used by Willis to determine the vertical dimension of the edentulous patient at rest by making the distance from the base of the nose to the lower edge of the mandible equal to it.  3 4 5 2 6 1 7 A 65 -YEAR OLD -MAN PRESENTED TO A DENTAL CLINIC ASKING FOR RESTORATION OF LOST MAXILLARY AND MANDIBULAR TEETH. For this case A- Identify the extra-oral anatomical landmarks. B- Select a type of prosthetic appliance. C- List the clinical and laboratory procedures for this prosthetic treatment. 3 1 4 5 2 Thank You