Human Processes 3 Exam Revision - Cardiovascular Disorders - Nov 2024 PDF

Human Processes 3 – Exam Thursday 07 Nov 2024 Revision Module 2: Cardiovascular Disorders Non-modifiable risk factors - Age (>65 years) - Sex (Men 65 years) - Family history - Ethnicity (Higher prevalence in African, Indigenous and South Asian) Modifiable risk factors -...

Human Processes 3 – Exam Thursday 07 Nov 2024 Revision Module 2: Cardiovascular Disorders Non-modifiable risk factors - Age (>65 years) - Sex (Men 65 years) - Family history - Ethnicity (Higher prevalence in African, Indigenous and South Asian) Modifiable risk factors - Hypertension, cholesterol levels, diabetes, pre-diabetes, smoking, obesity, high salt or low potassium diet, lack of exercise, chronic stress Hypertension A chronic medical condition in which the force of the blood against the walls of the arteries is elevated, increasing the risk of cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident and CKD. Category Systolic BP (mmHg) Diastolic BP (mmHg) Normal BP 10 mmHg difference may indicate vascular disease). - Ambulatory BP Monitoring (ABPM) may be used to confirm diagnosis. Comprehensive Assessment - History: Family history of hypertension or cardiovascular diseases, lifestyle habits (diet, exercise, smoking, alcohol).  - Physical Assessment: Check for signs of end-organ damage (e.g., chest pain, vision changes, oedema). - Nursing Diagnoses: o Ineffective Health Maintenance o Risk for Decreased Cardiac Output o Risk for Stroke o Fluid Volume Excess related to impaired renal function Management Lifestyle modifications - DASH Diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension): High in fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, whole grains, low in Na+ and saturated fats - Sodium restriction: Aim for