Exam Questions Winter 2022-2023 PDF

NAME___________ DATE________________ Which of the following statements best describes the contemplative stage of behavior change as outlined by Prochaska and DiClemente? 1. Determination 2. Integration of behavior change into a p...

NAME___________ DATE________________ Which of the following statements best describes the contemplative stage of behavior change as outlined by Prochaska and DiClemente? 1. Determination 2. Integration of behavior change into a person's life 3. Struggling with ambivalence 4. None of the options above Which of the following behaviors are part of active listening? 1. maintain eye contact 2. nodding and making eye contact. 3. asking for clarification 4. all of the above What would be the best physician response to elicit a change talk in the following situation? Physician: “How confident are you on a scale of 0 to 10 that you can make this change?” Patient: “About a 4.” 1. So, you’re about a 4 2. Why are you a 4 and not a 0? 3. You’ve got some confidence, but not a lot. 4. Why are you not a 10? Which of the following statements is correct according to the James-Lange theory of emotion? 1. Physiological arousal of the body occurs before the conscious interpretation of an emotion. 2. Conscious interpretation of an emotion occurs before physiological arousal. 3. Abolishing physiological arousal can still result in signs of emotion 4. The autonomic nervous system responds in exactly the same way to all types of emotion. Which is NOT part of active listening 1. Look at the person 2. Encourage the person to talk 3. Give advice 4. Use empathy When someone incorrectly believes he or she is receiving a real treatment and reports an improvement in his or her condition, it is called... 1. Placebo 2. Stimulus 3. Placebo effect 4. Control effect Among the different stages characterizing the mechanism for changing risky health behaviors, Pre- contemplation is when: 1. the patient is ready to implement a plan for changing health risk behaviors. 2. the patient sees both the reason why to change and why not to change. 3. the patient goes see the physician for a problem and the physician gives information on the condition and the health risk associated with that condition. 4. the patient experiences health related issues but has not gone to see the physician, yet. Within the framework of motivational interviewing as explained in class: when a physician argues that a patient’s behavior needs to change, the patient often responds by: 1. accepting the need for change. 2. arguing against change. 3. asking for advice. 4. moving to the next stage in the process of change.  Which of the following is NOT consistent with the Motivational Interviewing approach? 1. Rolling with resistance 2. Avoiding argumentation 3. Confronting denial 4. Supporting self-efficacy Please read this exchange between counselor and client and answer the questions that follow. a-Patient (P): I know I messed up. I ruined my family, my wife hates me, I got fired from my job, and now I just feel so hopeless. I’m sad all the time, and it’s like I can’t do anything about it. b-Physician (Ph): Where did you work? c-P: Joe’s Auto. I just felt lost there all day, like I didn’t want to be there. d-Ph: Did your boss know you were drinking? e-P: Yeah, when he fired me, he told me he could smell the alcohol. God, he must really think I’m a loser. f-Ph: What you are is an addict. g-P: I’m not addicted, ok. I just need a few beers after work to calm down. h-Ph: No, you are an addict. You have to admit you are powerless over it before you can better. Physician’s statement #h represents 1. Lack of denial 2. an accurate reflection 3. a failure to roll with resistance 4. none of the options above What causes autism? 1. Mothers who don't bond with their newborn 2. A single gene on chromosome 12 3. Poor prenatal nutrition 4. There is no single cause of autism According to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, 1. the autonomic nervous system has no role to play in emotion. 2. there is a different pattern of physiological activity for each emotion. 3. cognitive appraisal of the emotion has to take place before activation of the sympathetic nervous system. 4. the autonomic nervous system responds in exactly the same way to all types of emotion. Which of these is an unconditioned stimulus? 1. Shock 2. Money 3. Music 4. None of these options When would you use closed questions? 1. When you do not want the person to keep talking 2. When the client is short of breath 3. When you do not understand the conversation 4. Closed questions are never helpful The Motivational Interviewing approach is: 1. completely non-directive 2. highly authoritarian 3. directive but patient-centered 4. primarily educational  Which of the following is NOT a Motivational Interviewing-consistent strategy for handling resistance? 1. simple reflection 2. amplified reflection 3. argument 4. emphasizing personal control 5. Self-efficacy is: 1. the confidence that you are right 2. the belief that you can accomplish anything 3. a humanistic theory by Carl Rogers 4. the belief that you will be able to accomplish a specific task Which of the following is NOT considered a source for self-efficacy? 1. Mastery experiences 2. Social modeling 3. Physiological factors 4. Genetic predisposition The statement, "You’re very determined, even in the face of discouragement. This change must really be important to you." is an example of _______________. 1. An open-ended question 2. Affirmation 3. Change talk 4. A reflection Patient-Centeredness is best defined as: 1. Having the patient make all decisions in regards to their medical care 2. Providing care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs and values 3. Practicing evidence based medicine to ensure that patients receive high quality care 4. A philosophy that focuses more on holistic healing and complementary medicine than conventional medical care Paralanguage or paraverbal communication refers to: 1. the words spoken. 2. the various meanings in different languages. 3. the vocal messages of pitch, rate, and loudness. 4. None of these options are correct When a patient expresses anger about a physician’s colleague, which of the following statements would be the most appropriate response? 1. You are aggravated over something trivial 2. Before I ask any questions, please calm down 3. Tell me what concerns you have and how you were treated 4. It’s better if you talk directly to Dr. X about the reason why you are upset Empathic understanding is which ONE of the following? 1. Empathic understanding is the ability to see the incomplete picture that patients paint with their words. 2. Empathic understanding is the ability to feel with patients, as opposed to feeling for patients 3. Empathic understanding is the ability to communicate and demonstrate genuine caring and concern for patients. 4. Empathic understanding is the ability to deal with the here-and-now factors that operate within the doctor-patient relationship  In patient-doctor communication, what is the difference between reflecting and paraphrasing? 1. Reflecting goes on to check how the person is feeling, not just checking you understand 2. Paraphrasing is when you repeat back word for word while reflecting means you change is slightly 3. They mean the same thing 4. Reflecting is when you repeat back word for word while paraphrasing means you change it slightly Negative reinforcement can be defined as: Stimulus _______________, contingent upon a response, which _______________ the future probability of that response. 1. Presented, increases 2. Presented, decreases 3. Removed, increases 4. Removed, decreases In which of the following conditions involving the use of placebos have NO real changes been detected in the patient... 1. Depression 2. Fatigue 3. Parkinson’s 4. Pain First Impressions are based on the following three items: 1. Appearance, Presentation, Dress 2. Appearance, Presentation, Content 3. Appearance, Presentation, Language 4. Appearance, Presentation, Opinions Which is NOT a principle of nonverbal communication? 1. It is possible not to communicate nonverbally. 2. Communication occurs even when language is not used. 3. Nonverbal communication is ambiguous. 4. Nonverbal communication is culture bound. Learning by trial and error is called ______. 1. classical conditioning 2. operant conditioning 3. positive reinforcement 4. Learning by observation One difference between verbal and nonverbal communication is that verbal communication is 1. more multidimensional. 2. usually continuous. 3. more ambiguous. 4. usually deliberate. You visit a new friend for the first time and as you enter his apartment his cat hisses and jumps on you from above the doorway. This happens for several nights. Then one evening you come in for a visit and at the sound of the cat's hiss you jump briskly to one side and the cat lands on the floor next to you. The cat's hiss is the: 1. Conditioned stimulus 2. Conditioned response 3. Unconditioned stimulus 4. Unconditioned response