Plant Growth and Environmental Factors PDF

1\. What is the primary reason why wind can negatively impact plant growth? A) Wind can cause soil erosion, which depletes nutrients essential for plant growth. B) Wind can increase the rate of transpiration, leading to dehydration and wilting. C) Wind can spread diseases and pests, damaging p...

1\. What is the primary reason why wind can negatively impact plant growth? A) Wind can cause soil erosion, which depletes nutrients essential for plant growth. B) Wind can increase the rate of transpiration, leading to dehydration and wilting. C) Wind can spread diseases and pests, damaging plants. D) Wind can create turbulence in the atmosphere, making it difficult for plants to photosynthesize. Answer: B) Wind can increase the rate of transpiration, leading to dehydration and wilting. 2\. According to the text, how can farmers optimize temperature for plant growth? A) By using windbreaks to reduce wind speed and create a more stable microclimate. B) By applying biostimulants to increase crop resistance to cold temperatures and improve irrigation management. C) By using anemometers to measure wind speed and direction, allowing for adjustments in planting strategies. D) By monitoring the temperature of the soil and air to determine the optimal time for planting and harvesting. Answer: B) By applying biostimulants to increase crop resistance to cold temperatures and improve irrigation management. 3\. What is the primary mechanism by which plants regulate transpiration and cooling? A) Plants use their roots to absorb water and transport it to the leaves, where it evaporates. B) Plants use specialized cells called stomata to control the amount of water vapor that escapes from their leaves. C) Plants use their leaves to capture sunlight and convert it into energy, which helps them regulate their temperature. D) Plants use their stems to transport nutrients and water throughout the plant, which helps them maintain a stable temperature. Answer: B) Plants use specialized cells called stomata to control the amount of water vapor that escapes from their leaves. 1\. Explain the relationship between temperature and plant metabolism, highlighting the concept of optimum temperature. Answer: Plant metabolism is directly influenced by temperature, with optimal growth occurring within a specific temperature range known as the optimum temperature. Below this range, metabolic processes slow down, while above it, they become increasingly inefficient and can even lead to plant death. 2\. Describe the two main factors that determine the effect of wind on plants. Answer: The two main factors that determine the effect of wind on plants are its force and persistence. Strong winds can cause physical damage to plants, while persistent winds can lead to excessive water loss and stress. 3\. What are the key considerations when choosing windbreak plants to protect vulnerable plants from wind damage? Answer: When selecting windbreak plants, it is crucial to consider their branching structure, leaf type, and ability to withstand wind stress. Multi-stemmed or densely branched plants with smaller or needle-like leaves are generally more wind-tolerant. 1\. What is the primary function of stomata in plants, according to the text? A) Stomata are specialized cells that regulate the amount of water vapor released from the plant. B) Stomata are responsible for absorbing nutrients from the soil. C) Stomata are the primary site of photosynthesis in plants. D) Stomata are involved in the production of hormones that regulate plant growth. Answer: A) Stomata are specialized cells that regulate the amount of water vapor released from the plant. 2\. What is the relationship between temperature and the rate of photosynthesis in plants, as described in the text? A) Higher temperatures always lead to increased rates of photosynthesis. B) Lower temperatures always lead to decreased rates of photosynthesis. C) Photosynthesis rates are highest at optimal temperatures and decrease at both very low and very high temperatures. D) Temperature has no effect on the rate of photosynthesis. Answer: C) Photosynthesis rates are highest at optimal temperatures and decrease at both very low and very high temperatures. 3\. What is the primary difference between a simple thermometer and a maximum-minimum thermometer, as explained in the text? A) A simple thermometer measures temperature in Celsius, while a maximum-minimum thermometer measures in Fahrenheit. B) A simple thermometer measures current temperature, while a maximum-minimum thermometer records the highest and lowest temperatures over a period of time. C) A simple thermometer is used to measure air temperature, while a maximum-minimum thermometer is used to measure soil temperature. D) A simple thermometer is digital, while a maximum-minimum thermometer is analog. Answer: B) A simple thermometer measures current temperature, while a maximum-minimum thermometer records the highest and lowest temperatures over a period of time. 1\. What are the four main classes of environmental factors that influence plant life, as outlined in the text? Answer: The four main classes of environmental factors influencing plant life are climatic, edaphic, physiographic, and biotic factors. 2\. What are the two primary temperature scales discussed in the text, and how do they differ in their measurement of the freezing and boiling points of water? Answer: The two primary temperature scales discussed are the Centigrade system, which defines the freezing point of water as 0° and the boiling point as 100°, and the Fahrenheit system, which defines the freezing point as 32° and the boiling point as 212°. 3\. What are two adverse effects of high temperatures on plants, as described in the text? Answer: Two adverse effects of high temperatures on plants, as described in the text, are that they can kill the plant and increase the rate of transpiration, leading to excessive water loss.