CHM100 Fall 2024 Exam #3 Review (Units 6 & 7) Review PDF

CHM100 Fall 2024 Exam #3 Review (units 6 and 7) Unit 6 Solutions Know what makes up a solution and how to determine what is the solute and solvent o Difference between ionic vs covalent compound dissolution —hydration vs dissolving De...

CHM100 Fall 2024 Exam #3 Review (units 6 and 7) Unit 6 Solutions Know what makes up a solution and how to determine what is the solute and solvent o Difference between ionic vs covalent compound dissolution —hydration vs dissolving Describe the intermolecular forces between solute and solvent molecules o How do IMFs play a role in solutions? o Identify solutes that can dissolve in a given solvent Know the definition of electrolytes vs non-electrolytes o Ionic vs molecular compounds  Be able to determine strong vs weak electrolytes based on a balanced equation (reversible vs non-reversible reactions, i.e. forward and reverse arrow in reaction) o Identify electrolytes vs non-electrolytes—from a balanced equation with physical states given as well as the arrows shown; also using information in the solubility rules chart Describe the difference between saturated vs unsaturated solution o Identify whether a solution is saturated or unsaturated from given information How does temp affect the solubility of solutes including solids and gases in liquids and Henry’s Law (effect of pressure on gaseous solutes) Be able to do calculations determining %m/m, %m/v, %v/v and how to calculate the grams or volume of a solute needed to form a solution with a given concentration. Be able to do calculations involving Molarity (M)= mol/L o What is molarity given the mass or moles of solute and volume of solution? o Be able to use molarity to determine the amount of solute (g or moles) in a solution if given volume o Calculate the grams or moles of a solute needed to form a solution with a given concentration and volume o Be able to do dilution calculations based on ANY concentration given (the initial and final concentrations will have the same units unless the question specifically asks something different) Be able to describe colligative Properties o Effect of solutes on boiling (vapor pressure) and freezing points of a solvent  Determine which solute would give a greater effect given the molarity of a solution or number of moles of solute Unit 7: Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry 7A be able to balance chemical equations with the chemical formulas already given be able to write a balanced equation from given information (i.e. names and physical states of compounds involved in words without chemical formulas)  Know what kind of information is provided from a balanced equation (# atoms/moles of an element or ion in a formula) be able to identify/recognize the type (classification) of chemical reaction based on the balanced equation o predict products of acid/base reaction (normal acids and bases and carbonates) o predict the precipitate of a reaction and be able to determine solubility based on solubility rules (you don’t need to memorize rules) o predict the products of a single or double replacement reaction know what occurs that proves a chemical reaction has occurred (ex. color change, bubbles, change in T, precipitate formation, etc.) 7B Calculations: (same types of calculations that we have covered in class and in Tophat, with a little complexity) o be able to calculate molar masses of elements and compounds o be able to use Avogadro’s number to calculate the number of particles (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.) of a substance from given mass or number of moles of a pure substance or a compound o be able to calculate the number of atoms in a compound given the mass or moles of that compound—you will need the molar ratio of the atoms in the compound for example: 1 mol of CH4 has 1 mole of carbon atoms (6.02x1023 carbon atoms) and 4 moles of H atoms (2.41x1024 H atoms) o be able to use a balanced chemical equation to determine the following relationships and perform calculations using conversion factors from equalities:  g Amol Amol Bg B (A and B can be either reactants or products) use the coefficients of the balanced equation to get the molar ratios between the given substances to convert between moles of one to moles of the other to solve the problems use molar mass to convert between the grams and moles of a substance o be able to calculate the %yield from given information or be able to determine the actual amount from the percent yield and theoretical yield o % yield = actual yield/theoretical yield x 100 o Actual yield = %yield/100 x theoretical yield o Remember that theoretical yield is what all of the calculations (g Amol Amol Bg B) you have done and represents what SHOULD form if the reaction was 100% efficient.  Theoretical yield counts as 100% of product IF reaction would go to completion  The actual amount (yield) is what is formed during an experiment o % efficiency is the same as % yield Remember about 4 questions from units 4 and 5 will be on exam 3. Many of the topics of Unit 4 are required for your understanding of Units 6 and 7. 1-3 Questions on topics below for EX CREDIT questions on Exam #3  Be able to describe osmosis as it relates to the flow of water across a semipermeable membrane (including blood cells) o Describe the difference between hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions  Know what happens to cells when placed in either of the above solutions (crenation and hemolysis) Take time to watch the following video on osmosis https://youtu.be/eQsAzXr0UCU Recognize Redox reactions from a balanced chemical equation o Mainly combustion reactions and most likely single replacement reactions involving pure elements and ionic or acidic compounds. Determine the oxidizing and reducing agent for a Redox reaction