Exam 3 PQ_1 PDF - Lecture 17 & 18

Lecture 17 & 18 1. Which of the following is a characteristic of replication-competent "live" attenuated vaccines? Attenuated vaccines induce humoral, but not cell-mediated, immune responses These vaccines are safe to administer to immunocompromised patients A risk of these vaccines is reversion...

Lecture 17 & 18 1. Which of the following is a characteristic of replication-competent "live" attenuated vaccines? Attenuated vaccines induce humoral, but not cell-mediated, immune responses These vaccines are safe to administer to immunocompromised patients A risk of these vaccines is reversion back to a virulent pathogen (This is a risk of using these vaccines) They are built by insert pathogen DNA into a viral vector They can be generated by passaging a pathogen in human cells All of the above are characteristics of attenuated vaccines 2. Adjuvants are added to some vaccines to augment the immune response to the vaccine component(s). These adjuvants are added to _______. cause rapid dispersal of the antigen enhance antigen presentation(This is one function of an adjuvant.) inhibit an inflammatory response prevent bacterial contamination increase the vaccine shelf life 3. Seasonal influenza infection has the potential to cause severe disease in any individual, however it is particular risky for certain patients. Which patient(s) is/are considered to be in a high-risk group? A woman in her second trimester of pregnancy A 7-month old male living in Arizona A 72-year-old female in relatively good health All three patients are considered high risk None of the three patients is considered high risk 4. When a high percentage of a population has developed immunity (through vaccination or infection) and is therefore less likely to transmit the infectious agent, this affords those who cannot be vaccinated some protection. This concept is known as ________________. bystander immunity herd immunity indirect immunity passive immunity inactive immunity 5. Inactivated vaccines are composed of __________. an infectious agent without the ability to replicate whole, attenuated organisms recombinant DNA toxoids capsular polysaccharides 6. You are tasked with developing a vaccine to a new virus. You isolate the gene encoding for a cell surface protein that has been established will elicit neutralizing antibodies by the host immune response. You insert it into an expression vector, introduce it into bacteria, and then harvest and purify the viral cell surface protein. You have just created what type of vaccine? Attenuated vaccine DNA vaccine Recombinant subunit vaccine Inactivated vaccine mRNA-based vaccine 7. The COVID-19 vaccine developed by Pfizer/BioNtech and Moderna, inc. was first shown to be effective in mice and rhesus macaques in pre-clinical models before entry in phase I human clinical trials. After vaccination, both these animal models generated antigen-specific _______________. CD8 T cells Treg cells NK cells IgE antibodies Macrophages 8. When polysaccharides are conjugated to a protein, these vaccines allow for a more robust immune response because the conjugate _________. can activate helper T cells( Helper T cells only respond when protein is present) has a higher affinity for BCRs will persist longer than the polysaccharide alone has fewer epitopes to be recognized 9. Which of the following statements is TRUE considering challenges with the influenza virus vaccine? Producing the vaccine takes 3-4 years Antigenic drift necessitates annual vaccination Prediction of future circulating strains is never a challenge Antigenic shift does not occur for influenza viruses