Exam 2 (1).pdf

LO7: Distinguish between the types of loose and dense connective tissue proper. Dense Regular Dense Irregular Elastic fibers arranged in different Dense regular with a high planes; resis...

LO7: Distinguish between the types of loose and dense connective tissue proper. Dense Regular Dense Irregular Elastic fibers arranged in different Dense regular with a high planes; resists tension exerted proportion of elastic fibers – allows packed into parallel bundles from many directions tissue to recoil after stretching tendons, fibrous capsules of joints; walls of large arteries ligaments, dermis of skin fascia https://ditki.com/  Loose Areolar Form the lamina propria---part of the mucous membranes (moist linings), which line tubes, such as the respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal tract, and the urogenital tract. Mucosa Adipose Reticular Adipose tissue itself “bubble-like” appearance, little matrix supports blood cells within lymphoid organs  Protective cushion, insulation to preserve (lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen) body heat, Stores energy https://ditki.com/  LO8: Describe the composition of skeletal cartilage Cartilage is a type of “DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE” Cartilage cells are called chondrocytes It exhibits chondrocytes housed in lacunae within the extracellular matrix Lacunae (singular: lacuna) are small spaces found within the matrix of bone and cartilage. It consists of collagenous fibers embedded in a firm matrix of lacks nerve fibers, is avascular chondroitin sulfates– produced by chondroblasts ---when mature (chondrocytes) lie in lacunae  LO9: Identify the types of cartilage tissues found in the skeletal system. Elastic elastic fibers predominate→provides flexible support of the external ear Fibrocartilage Tough, shock absorbing Location: Between vertebrae parallel Hyaline Collagen fibers form an imperceptible network. Most abundant Provide support Location: Forms costal cartilages of the ribs, nose, trachea, and larynx covers ends of joints,- serves as padding https://www.premedhq.com/cartilage  LO10: Describe the structure, function, and location of mucous, serous, cutaneous & synovial membranes. Body membranes are essentially thin sheets of tissues that cover, line, and protect various parts of our body. They consist of an epithelium bound to an underlying connective tissue layer. Synovial membrane Cutaneous membrane (skin) Line the inner surfaces of synovial joints and bursae Lubrication: ↓ friction b/w bones during joint movement Helps cushion the impact on bones during activities like jumping or running. Secreted by Fibroblast-like synoviocytes within the Covers the body surface synovial mb It is the thickest membrane and the only dry membrane ©Pearson, Inc.  Mucous membranes (mucosa)  Respiratory tract  Digestive tract  Urinary tract Line body cavities that are open to the exterior  Reproductive tract Lined with epithelial tissue, which contains specialized goblet cells that produce mucus. Sits on top of a layer of connective tissue called the lamina propria. Mucous coat cilia Epithelium Goblet cells Protection: Mucus traps dust, dirt, and pathogens, Mucosa preventing them Basement mb from entering the Lamina propria body. Collagen Lubrication: Mucus fibers keeps these Fibroblasts surfaces moist and Elastic fibers slippery, reducing Muscularis friction. mucosae  Serous membranes (Serosa) Line body cavities that are closed to the exterior Consist of a single layer of flat epithelial cells called mesothelium, which sits on a layer of connective tissue. It secretes a lubricating fluid called serous fluid--a watery fluid, resembling (blood-)serum. This also explains the name 'serous membrane’. Main function: reduce friction between organs. Named using the terms "visceral" and "parietal“+ describing the body cavity where they are located. 3 Major serous membranes: pericardium, pleural, and peritoneum. line the body cavities line the outer part of the organs within the body cavity Serosa of the abdominopelvic cavity are called either parietal peritoneum or visceral peritoneum https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/West_Hills_College_-_Lemoore/Human_Anatomy_Laboratory_Manual_%28Hartline%29/01%3A_Introduction_to_Anatomy_and_Anatomical_Terms/1.09%3A_Serosa_%28Serous_Membranes%29  LO11: Classify exocrine glands based on structure and function. A gland is one or more cells specialized to secrete a product. On the basis of site of product release, glands are classified as exocrine or endocrine. Exocrine glands release their products through ducts onto an epithelial surface They are classified structurally as multicellular or unicellular: Multicellular exocrine glands classified according to duct structure as simple or compound, and according to the structure of their secretory parts as tubular, alveolar, or tubuloalveolar. Unicellular glands, typified by goblet cells and mucous cells, are mucus- secreting single- celled glands. ©McGrawHill, Inc.  Multicellular exocrine glands are classified functionally as merocrine or holocrine. Holocrine glands Merocrine glands Secrete their products by The entire secretory cell exocytosis ruptures, releasing secretions and dead cell fragments the cell remains intact e.g. sebaceous glands ©McGrawHill, Inc. Image: Shutterstock