Psychology Exam 1 Review Sheet PDF

CHAPTER 1 and 2 =============== Intro to Psychology ------------------- What is the definition of psychology? Know the goals of psychology: description, explanation, prediction, and control Know the early schools of psychology: structuralism, functionalism, psychoanalysis, gestalt, and behaviori...

CHAPTER 1 and 2 =============== Intro to Psychology ------------------- What is the definition of psychology? Know the goals of psychology: description, explanation, prediction, and control Know the early schools of psychology: structuralism, functionalism, psychoanalysis, gestalt, and behaviorism Know the modern perspectives: psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, sociocultural, biopsychological, evolutionary. Research in Psychology ---------------------- Be familiar with the scientific method Definition of theory and hypothesis Know the scientific methods of gathering data: Observation (naturalistic, participant, structures), interviews (clinical, structured), surveys, case studies What is the difference between a sample and a population? What is revealed through correlation research? Be able to distinguish between negative and positive correlations - Experimental methods - Independent Variable, Dependent Variable - Experimental & Control Groups - Reason for establishing *causation* - Placebo Effect What does it mean to operationalize a variable? What is a random assignment? What is the difference between "blind" and "double-blind" experiment CHAPTER 3 ========= The Nervous System ------------------ General definition and understanding of the nervous system What is a neuron? Know the parts of a neuron (Soma, Dendrites, Axon, Myelin, Synaptic Knob) Know the neurotransmitters, their roles, and association with which diseases. What happens to neurotransmitters in the synapse? Define and explain the function of the PNS and CNS. Know the difference between somatic and autonomic divisions of PNS. Know the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of ANS. Know the three regions of the brain and their structures with respective functions (hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain). What are the parts for the limbic system. Know their functions. Know the four lobes of the cortex and their functions. What is neuroplasticity? - Extra credit: Broca and Wernicke's aphasia, Prosopagnosia; Endocrine glands CHAPTER 8 ========= Memory ------ Know the main processes of memory. Learn the information processing model. What are the types of memory? What is the difference between short-term memory (working memory) and long-term memory? Know what is chunking. What is the magic number? What is the difference between recognition and recall? Know the primacy and recency effect and the difference between them. What are the two types of rehearsal we talked about? What are implicit vs explicit memories; what are episodic and semantic memories. Have examples of each. Know what procedural memory is and have examples. - Extra credit: Know the two types of encoding specificity. Know the types of amnesia we talked about. CHAPTER 6 ========= Learning -------- Define learning. Who was Pavlov and what did we learn through his experiment with dogs. Be able to recognize the following terms: UCS, CS, UCR, and CR. Know and define classical conditioning. For classical conditioning to be strongest, what should come first: the CS or the UCS? Why? Know the following classical conditioning terms: extinction, spontaneous recovery, stimulus generalization. Understand the theory of operant conditioning and its terms: reinforcement, reinforcer, punishment. Know the law of effect. What is primary and secondary reinforcement and what is the difference between these two terms? What is the difference between positive and negative reinforcement? What is difference between reinforcement and punishment? How is negative reinforcement different than punishment? Know the difference between continuous and partial reinforcement. Know the four partial reinforcement schedules that we discussed in class. Be prepare to recognize them in examples. What is the difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning? - Extra credit: Cognitive Learning Theories. Know the concept of learned helplessness. What are the four elements of Observational learning? Be familiar with BOBO doll study.