PSYC 330 Practice Exam 1 PDF

Test Name: PSYC 330 Practice Exam 1 1. Personality reflects shared human tendencies, but how are these tendencies typically conceptualized? a. as evolved tendencies that, over time, have resulted in people being very similar b. as individual differences that vary from person to person c. as interna...

Test Name: PSYC 330 Practice Exam 1 1. Personality reflects shared human tendencies, but how are these tendencies typically conceptualized? a. as evolved tendencies that, over time, have resulted in people being very similar b. as individual differences that vary from person to person c. as internal workings of human nature that cannot be measured d. as core traits that are exhibited to the same degree across people 2. What limitation applies to most theoretical systems of personality? a. Personality has proven to be impossible to measure. b. No personality system can capture all the unique differences among people. c. It has been difficult to identify a core set of personality dimensions. d. Personality is, by definition, an unconscious process. 3. Which example represents the assessment and measurement root of personality psychology? a. administering a test of extraversion to a large group of people b. proposing a set number of traits that define the entirety of personality c. developing a personality theory based on people's unconscious impulses d. drawing conclusions about personality dimensions based on works of fiction by great authors 4. What is a significant limitation of self-report measures of personality? a. They are limited to the person's own self-assessment. b. There is no way to address socially desirable or acquiescent response tendencies. c. Very few self-report measures exist, so application of those measures to understanding personality on a large scale is limited. d. Most people are reluctant to answer questions about themselves. 5. Tanya loves to complete questionnaires that she finds online and in magazines. "It's fun and easy!" Tanya exclaims. "I circle 'strongly agree' for every item to show how much I appreciate the test makers' time and effort and to let them know I'm helping them with their research!" What questionnaire-taking style is Tanya demonstrating? a. reverse-scored items b. an acquiescence response set c. underestimating her true responses d. social undesirability 6. What does the statement r =.12 mean? a. There is a strong positive correlation between the two variables under consideration. b. The variables under consideration show a strong negative association. c. There is a small positive correlation between the two variables under consideration. d. The variables under consideration show no relationship to one another. 7. What does Cronbach's alpha reveal to a researcher? a. whether a measuring device is valid or not b. the intercoder reliability among a set of judges c. the extent to which a questionnaire has internal reliability d. how much test-retest reliability a questionnaire has 8. When a scale is related to a concrete outcome or other behaviour, it is said to demonstrate __________. a. discriminant validity b. predictive validity c. face validity d. convergent validity 9. Which of the following situations is extremely unlikely? a. A reliable test is valid. b. A valid test is unreliable. c. A invalid test is unreliable. d. An unreliable test is invalid. 10. Which Big Five personality dimension has the highest number of adjectives or trait terms associated with it? a. openness to experience b. neuroticism c. conscientiousness d. extraversion 11. On a personality test, Simine rates herself low on manipulativeness and boastfulness and high on honesty and sympathy. Which Big Five dimension is Amber endorsing? a. agreeableness b. openness to experience c. neuroticism d. extraversion 12. Are the Big Five dimensions a comprehensive system of personality? a. Yes; evidence confirms that these five dimensions capture the totality of personality. b. No; it's just a convenient shorthand for researchers to simplify analyzing the Big Twenty. c. Yes; that's why they are the Big Five rather than the Perhaps Five. d. No; there are many other important ways that people differ from one another. 13. How should the Big Five personality traits be conceptualized? a. as distinct categories b. as individual, non-overlapping traits c. as a set of continuums that people fall on somewhere d. as theoretical abstractions not necessarily found in concrete measurements 14. Cali and Cari are identical twins. Their parents want to make sure they have a chance to develop their own individual personalities, so they enroll Cali in soccer and Cari in dance. This is a reflection of the twins' __________. a. genetic makeup b. shared environment c. nonshared environment d. inherited circumstances 15. What are the three main influences considered by researchers who study the origins of personality? a. brain, biology, and behaviour b. nonshared environment, shared environment, and genetics c. environment, genetics, and capabilities d. parents, peers, and acquaintances 16. What does the phrase "percentage of variance" tell a researcher? a. how much of a trait in a single person can be explained by genetics b. the amount of variation among a group of people c. the difference in outcomes attributed to the shared versus nonshared environment d. the amount of variation within a given individual 17. In one epigenetic study, mice experienced a stressful environment as newborns when they were separated from their mothers. What happened to these mice? a. The mice were no different from mice that were not in stressful situations. b. The mice became socially anxious, as did their offspring. c. The mice interacted frequently with other mice. d. The mice became very aggressive. 18. Laurel has sustained damage to the frontal lobes of her brain. She is most apt to experience __________. a. impaired self-control b. enhanced self-control c. increased anxiety d. increased agreeableness 19. Armando has low levels of conscientiousness and high levels of impulsivity, as measured by a reliable and valid personality questionnaire. Which area of Armando's brain is likely to show greater activity when he acts impulsively? a. amygdala b. ventral striatum c. superior temporal sulcus d. frontal lobe 20. Some researchers have found a relationship between conscientiousness and __________. a. high levels of serotonin b. increased impulsivity c. low levels of satisfaction with interpersonal relationships d. higher rates of incarceration 21. Night owls are considered to be more __________ than early birds. a. open to new ideas b. organized c. shy d. caring Test Name: PSYC 330 Practice KEY 1. b. as individual differences that vary from person to person 2. b. No personality system can capture all the unique differences among people. 3. a. administering a test of extraversion to a large group of people 4. a. They are limited to the person's own self-assessment. 5. b. an acquiescence response set 6. c. There is a small positive correlation between the two variables under consideration. 7. c. the extent to which a questionnaire has internal reliability 8. b. predictive validity 9. b. A valid test is unreliable. 10. d. extraversion 11. a. agreeableness 12. d. No; there are many other important ways that people differ from one another. 13. c. as a set of continuums that people fall on somewhere 14. c. nonshared environment 15. b. nonshared environment, shared environment, and genetics 16. b. the amount of variation among a group of people 17. b. The mice became socially anxious, as did their offspring. 18. a. impaired self-control 19. b. ventral striatum 20. a. high levels of serotonin 21. a. open to new ideas