Exam 1 Practice 1060 PDF

Intro to Pharm: **Question 1:** Which of the following is the **most important property** of an ideal drug? A. Safety\ B. Selectivity**\ C. Effectiveness\ **D. Ease of administration **Correct Answer:** C. Effectiveness\ **Explanation:** The most important property of a drug is its effectiveness...

Intro to Pharm: **Question 1:** Which of the following is the **most important property** of an ideal drug? A. Safety\ B. Selectivity**\ C. Effectiveness\ **D. Ease of administration **Correct Answer:** C. Effectiveness\ **Explanation:** The most important property of a drug is its effectiveness, meaning the drug elicits the response for which it is given. Without effectiveness, other properties are irrelevant. **Question 2:** What is the primary **therapeutic objective** of drug therapy? A. To cure all diseases\ **B. To provide maximum benefit with minimal harm\ **C. To avoid side effects completely\ D. To increase the body\'s response to all medications **Correct Answer:** B. To provide maximum benefit with minimal harm\ **Explanation:** The therapeutic objective focuses on achieving the maximum benefit for the patient while minimizing harm and adverse effects. **Question 3:** Under the Controlled Substances Act, which DEA schedule has the **highest risk for abuse**? **A. Schedule I**\ B. Schedule II\ C. Schedule III\ D. Schedule V **Correct Answer:** A. Schedule I\ **Explanation:** Drugs in Schedule I have the highest risk for abuse and are considered illegal in the USA (e.g., heroin). **Question 4:** Which phase of drug development involves the **largest sample size** for testing the drug\'s efficacy and monitoring adverse reactions? A. Phase I\ B. Phase II\ **C. Phase III**\ D. Phase IV **Correct Answer:** C. Phase III\ **Explanation:** Phase III clinical trials involve a larger sample size to test efficacy and monitor for adverse reactions in patients with the disease or condition. **Question 5:** What type of drug name is **preferable for safety purposes** in written and oral communication? A. Chemical name\ **B. Generic name**\ C. Trade name\ D. Abbreviated name **Correct Answer:** B. Generic name\ **Explanation:** Generic names are preferable because they are standardized, nonproprietary, and reduce the risk of confusion caused by multiple trade names. **Question 6:** Which pharmacokinetic process involves the removal of drugs from the body? A. Absorption\ B. Distribution\ C. Metabolism\ **D. Excretion** **Correct Answer:** D. Excretion\ **Explanation:** Excretion refers to the process of removing drugs and their metabolites from the body, primarily through the kidneys. **Question 7:** A nurse administering medications is the **last line of defense** to ensure patient safety. What is the nurse\'s primary responsibility in this role? A. Dispense the medication\ **B. Verify the medication order for accuracy**\ C. Supervise the prescription process\ D. Monitor pharmacy inventory **Correct Answer:** B. Verify the medication order for accuracy\ **Explanation:** The nurse must ensure the medication is appropriate for the patient by verifying the order and understanding the drug\'s effects before administration. Absorption: **Question 1:** What is the primary process by which most drugs cross cell membranes during absorption? A. Active transport\ **B. Passive diffusion**\ C. Endocytosis\ D. Osmosis **Correct Answer:** B. Passive diffusion\ **Explanation:** Most drugs use passive diffusion, moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, to cross lipid cell membranes. **Question 2:** Which route of drug administration typically results in the **fastest absorption**? **A. Intravenous**\ B. Intramuscular\ C. Subcutaneous\ D. Oral **Correct Answer:** A. Intravenous\ **Explanation:** Intravenous administration bypasses the absorption process entirely, delivering the drug directly into the bloodstream. **Question 3:** What factor influences whether a drug is lipid-soluble or water-soluble during absorption? A. Rate of dissolution\ B. Drug\'s chemical structure\ **C. Ionization state**\ D. Blood flow to the site **Correct Answer:** C. Ionization state\ **Explanation:** The ionization state, which depends on the drug\'s pH and the pH of the surrounding environment, determines whether a drug is lipid-soluble (non-ionized) or water-soluble (ionized). **Question 4:** Where is an acidic drug most likely absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract? **A. Stomach**\ B. Small intestine\ C. Colon\ D. Esophagus **Correct Answer:** A. Stomach\ **Explanation:** Acidic drugs are non-ionized in the acidic environment of the stomach, making them lipid-soluble and more readily absorbed there. **Question 5:** Which of the following drugs is most likely to cross the blood-brain barrier? A. A water-soluble drug\ B. A drug that relies on active transport\ **C. A lipid-soluble drug**\ D. An ionized drug **Correct Answer:** C. A lipid-soluble drug\ **Explanation:** The blood-brain barrier is primarily crossed by lipid-soluble drugs because they can penetrate the tightly packed cells of the capillary walls in the central nervous system. **Question 6:** Which of the following statements about P-glycoprotein is correct? A. It facilitates the passive diffusion of drugs into cells.\ B. It enhances drug absorption by increasing lipid solubility.\ **C. It transports drugs out of cells, reducing drug absorption.**\ D. It converts drugs into active metabolites. **Correct Answer:** C. It transports drugs out of cells, reducing drug absorption.\ **Explanation:** P-glycoprotein is a transporter protein that pumps drugs out of cells, decreasing their absorption and distribution. **Question 7:** Which pharmaceutical preparation dissolves in the intestine rather than the stomach? A. Regular tablet\ **B. Enteric-coated tablet**\ C. Sustained-release capsule\ D. Sublingual tablet **Correct Answer:** B. Enteric-coated tablet\ **Explanation:** Enteric-coated tablets are designed to resist the acidic environment of the stomach and dissolve in the more alkaline environment of the intestine. **Question 8:** What happens to a basic drug in the acidic environment of the stomach? A. It becomes non-ionized and is absorbed.\ **B. It becomes ionized and is not absorbed.**\ C. It forms a neutral compound and dissolves.\ D. It binds to enzymes and deactivates. **Correct Answer:** B. It becomes ionized and is not absorbed.\ **Explanation:** Basic drugs ionize in acidic environments, becoming water-soluble and unable to cross lipid membranes for absorption. **Question 9:** Which factor is **not** a determinant of drug absorption? A. Blood flow to the absorption site\ B. Rate of dissolution\ **C. Drug\'s therapeutic class**\ D. Surface area for absorption **Correct Answer:** C. Drug\'s therapeutic class\ **Explanation:** While the therapeutic class is important for understanding drug effects, it does not directly affect the absorption process. **Question 10:** What term describes the accumulation of drugs on the side of a membrane where the pH favors ionization? **A. Ion trapping\ **B. Passive diffusion\ C. P-glycoprotein transport\ D. Blood-brain barrier effect **Correct Answer:** A. Ion trapping\ **Explanation:** Ion trapping occurs when drug molecules accumulate on the side of a membrane where they are ionized and, therefore, unable to diffuse back across the membrane. Absorption Continued: **Question 1:** What is the primary site for drug absorption following oral administration? A. Stomach\ **B. Small intestine**\ C. Large intestine\ D. Esophagus **Correct Answer:** B. Small intestine\ **Explanation:** The small intestine has a large surface area due to its folds and villi, making it the primary site for drug absorption. **Question 2:** Which factor **most significantly impacts the bioavailability** of a drug? A. Rate of stomach emptying\ **B. Type of drug preparation**\ C. Stomach acidity\ D. Patient\'s age **Correct Answer:** B. Type of drug preparation\ **Explanation:** The form of the drug (e.g., tablet, capsule, enteric coating) directly affects its dissolution and absorption, thereby impacting bioavailability. **Question 3:** Why should **enteric-coated tablets** not be crushed or chewed? A. They are designed to dissolve in the stomach.\ B. Crushing them alters the drug\'s chemical composition.\ **C. Crushing can cause rapid drug release and potential overdose.\ **D. They become insoluble in gastric fluids when crushed. **Correct Answer:** C. Crushing can cause rapid drug release and potential overdose.\ **Explanation:** Enteric-coated tablets are designed to dissolve in the intestine. Crushing them disrupts the coating, leading to immediate drug release. **Question 4:** Which type of drug passes most easily through the lipid cell membranes? A. Water-soluble drugs\ B. Ionized drugs\ **C. Lipid-soluble drugs**\ D. Non-ionized water-soluble drugs **Correct Answer:** C. Lipid-soluble drugs\ **Explanation:** Lipid-soluble drugs dissolve in the lipid material of cell membranes, allowing them to pass through more easily. **Question 5:** What effect does **fatty food** have on the absorption of oral drugs? A. Speeds up drug absorption\ **B. Slows down drug absorption**\ C. Has no effect on drug absorption\ D. Neutralizes the drug **Correct Answer:** B. Slows down drug absorption\ **Explanation:** Fatty foods delay stomach emptying, which slows down the absorption of drugs. **Question 6:** Which preparation of a drug is generally **more bioavailable**? A. Enteric-coated tablet\ B. Sustained-release tablet\ **C. Soluble liquid form\ **D. Non-soluble liquid form **Correct Answer:** C. Soluble liquid form\ **Explanation:** Soluble liquid forms of drugs dissolve quickly, making them more bioavailable compared to solid forms. **Question 7:** Which of the following statements about drug absorption is correct? A. Non-ionized drugs are water-soluble and pass easily through membranes.\ B. Ionized drugs are lipid-soluble and dissolve readily in gastric fluids.\ **C. Non-ionized drugs are lipid-soluble and pass easily through membranes.**\ D. Ionized drugs pass through membranes faster than non-ionized drugs. **Correct Answer:** C. Non-ionized drugs are lipid-soluble and pass easily through membranes.\ **Explanation:** Non-ionized (lipid-soluble) drugs pass through cell membranes more readily than ionized (water-soluble) drugs. **Question 8:** Why is insulin not administered orally? A. It cannot dissolve in gastric fluids.\ B. It is ionized in the stomach.\ **C. It is broken down by digestive enzymes.**\ D. It reacts with stomach acid. **Correct Answer:** C. It is broken down by digestive enzymes.\ **Explanation:** Insulin is a protein and is degraded by digestive enzymes in the stomach, rendering it ineffective if taken orally. **Question 9:** What happens to a drug in a **sustained-release form** if it is crushed before administration? A. It releases the drug slowly over time.\ B. It remains inactive due to lack of gastric dissolution.\ **C. It causes immediate release and risk of overdose.**\ D. It alters the drug\'s pharmacokinetics. **Correct Answer:** C. It causes immediate release and risk of overdose.\ **Explanation:** Crushing a sustained-release drug disrupts its design, leading to rapid release of the drug into the system. **Question 10:** Which of the following factors can delay drug absorption in the gastrointestinal (G.I.) tract? A. Rapid gastric emptying\ B. Increased surface area in the stomach\ **C. Vasoconstriction due to prolonged fasting\ **D. Alkaline environment in the intestine **Correct Answer:** C. Vasoconstriction due to prolonged fasting\ **Explanation:** Prolonged fasting can cause vasoconstriction of G.I. blood vessels, slowing drug absorption.