exam 1 concepts. 1060
26 Questions
5 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the most important property of an ideal drug?

  • Ease of administration
  • Selectivity
  • Safety
  • Effectiveness (correct)

What is the primary therapeutic objective of drug therapy?

  • To avoid side effects completely
  • To increase the body's response to all medications
  • To provide maximum benefit with minimal harm (correct)
  • To cure all diseases

Under the Controlled Substances Act, which DEA schedule has the highest risk for abuse?

  • Schedule I (correct)
  • Schedule II
  • Schedule III
  • Schedule V

Which phase of drug development involves the largest sample size for testing the drug's efficacy and monitoring adverse reactions?

<p>Phase III (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pharmacokinetic process involves the removal of drugs from the body?

<p>Excretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse administering medications is the last line of defense to ensure patient safety. What is the nurse's primary responsibility in this role?

<p>Verify the medication order for accuracy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary process by which most drugs cross cell membranes during absorption?

<p>Passive diffusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which route of drug administration typically results in the fastest absorption?

<p>Intravenous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor influences whether a drug is lipid-soluble or water-soluble during absorption?

<p>Ionization state (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is an acidic drug most likely absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract?

<p>Stomach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is most likely to cross the blood-brain barrier?

<p>A lipid-soluble drug (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about P-glycoprotein is correct?

<p>It transports drugs out of cells, reducing drug absorption. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pharmaceutical preparation dissolves in the intestine rather than the stomach?

<p>Enteric-coated tablet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a basic drug in the acidic environment of the stomach?

<p>It becomes ionized and is not absorbed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is not a determinant of drug absorption?

<p>Drug's therapeutic class (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the accumulation of drugs on the side of a membrane where the pH favors ionization?

<p>Ion trapping (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site for drug absorption following oral administration?

<p>Small intestine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor most significantly impacts the bioavailability of a drug?

<p>Type of drug preparation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should enteric-coated tablets not be crushed or chewed?

<p>Crushing can cause rapid drug release and potential overdose. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drug passes most easily through the lipid cell membranes?

<p>Lipid-soluble drugs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does fatty food have on the absorption of oral drugs?

<p>Slows down drug absorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which preparation of a drug is generally more bioavailable?

<p>Soluble liquid form (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about drug absorption is correct?

<p>Non-ionized drugs are lipid-soluble and pass easily through membranes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is insulin not administered orally?

<p>It is broken down by digestive enzymes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a drug in a sustained-release form if it is crushed before administration?

<p>It causes immediate release and risk of overdose. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can delay drug absorption in the gastrointestinal (G.I.) tract?

<p>Vasoconstriction due to prolonged fasting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ideal Drug Property

Effectiveness is the most crucial property of an ideal drug, meaning it produces the desired outcome.

Therapeutic Objective

To maximize benefit while minimizing harm.

Schedule I Drug

Highest risk for abuse; illegal in the USA.

Phase III Trials

Large-scale testing for efficacy and side effects.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Drug Name for Safety

Generic name is best for avoiding confusion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Drug Excretion

Removing drugs and their breakdown products from the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nurse's role in Medication Safety

Verify the medication order's accuracy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Drug Absorption

Transfer of drug into bloodstream

Signup and view all the flashcards

Passive Diffusion

Movement of drug from high to low concentration.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fastest Absorption Route

Intravenous administration is fastest

Signup and view all the flashcards

Drug Lipid Solubility

Determined by ionization state (pH dependent).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acidic Drug Absorption

Best absorbed in the stomach (acidic).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lipid-soluble Drug and Blood-Brain Barrier

Lipid-soluble drugs cross the blood-brain barrier easily.

Signup and view all the flashcards

P-glycoprotein Role

Pumps drugs out of cells, reducing absorption.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Enteric-coated tablets

Dissolve in intestines, resistant to stomach acid.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Basic Drug in Stomach

Ionizes in acidic stomach, not absorbed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Determinant of Drug Absorption

Drug's chemical structure (not drug class) affects absorption.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ion Trapping

Drugs accumulate in areas favoring ionization, leading to slower/reduced absorption.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Oral Drug Primary Absorption Site

Small intestine is the main absorption site for orally taken drugs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bioavailability

Extent to which the drug reaches the bloodstream. Mostly influenced by drug preparation/form.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Crushing Enteric-coated Tablets

Avoid crushing; rapid release possible, leading to potential overdose.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lipid-soluble Drug

Pass through cell membranes easily as it dissolves in fats.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fatty Food Effect on Absorption

Fatty food slows down drug absorption by delaying stomach emptying.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Soluble Drug Form

Soluble liquid form of a drug is generally more bioavailable.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Insulin Oral Administration

Insulin cannot be administered orally as it's destroyed by digestive enzymes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sustained-release Drug Crushing

Crushing changes the release to immediate release, leading to potential overdose risk.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Factors Delaying GI Absorption

Vasoconstriction (due to prolonged fasting) can delay GI tract drug absorption.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Therapeutic Objective of Drug Therapy

The therapeutic objective focuses on achieving the maximum benefit for the patient while minimizing harm and adverse effects.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Highest Risk for Abuse in DEA Schedules

Drugs in Schedule I have the highest risk for abuse and are considered illegal in the USA (e.g., heroin).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Largest Sample Size in Drug Development

Phase III clinical trials involve a larger sample size to test efficacy and monitor for adverse reactions in patients with the disease or condition.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Drug Removal from the Body

Excretion refers to the process of removing drugs and their metabolites from the body, primarily through the kidneys.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Primary Drug Absorption Process

Most drugs use passive diffusion, moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, to cross lipid cell membranes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Factor Influencing Drug Solubility

The ionization state, which depends on the drug's pH and the pH of the surrounding environment, determines whether a drug is lipid-soluble (non-ionized) or water-soluble (ionized).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acidic Drug Absorption Site

Acidic drugs are non-ionized in the acidic environment of the stomach, making them lipid-soluble and more readily absorbed there.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Determinant of Drug Absorption (Not Class)

While the therapeutic class is important for understanding drug effects, it does not directly affect the absorption process.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Crushing Enteric-coated Tablets: Risk

Crushing enteric-coated tablets disrupts their design, leading to immediate drug release and a potential overdose.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lipid-soluble Drug vs. Cell Membranes

Lipid-soluble drugs dissolve in the lipid material of cell membranes, allowing them to pass through more easily.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fatty Food Effect on Drug Absorption

Fatty foods delay stomach emptying, which slows down the absorption of drugs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Soluble Drug Form vs. Bioavailability

Soluble liquid forms of drugs dissolve quickly, making them more bioavailable compared to solid forms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Insulin Oral Administration: Why Not?

Insulin is a protein and is degraded by digestive enzymes in the stomach, rendering it ineffective if taken orally.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sustained-release Drug Crushing: Risk

Crushing a sustained-release drug disrupts its design leading to rapid release of the drug into the system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Intro to Pharmacy

  • Ideal Drug Property: Effectiveness is the most important property
  • Therapeutic Objective: To provide maximum benefit with minimal harm
  • Schedule I Drugs: Highest risk for abuse (e.g., heroin)
  • Phase III Trials: Involve the largest sample size for testing efficacy and monitoring adverse reactions
  • Generic Names: Preferred for safety in written/oral communication as they are standardized and non-proprietary, reducing confusion

Pharmacokinetics

  • Absorption: The primary process by which most drugs cross cell membranes to enter the bloodstream, using passive diffusion.
  • Fastest Absorption Route: Intravenous administration
  • Factors influencing Drug Absorption: Ionization state (lipid-soluble vs water-soluble)

Drug Absorption Locations

  • Stomach: Acidic environment where acidic drugs are best absorbed
  • Small Intestine: Primary site for absorption due to large surface area (folds and villi)

Drug Names and Preparation

  • Enteric-coated tablets: Designed to dissolve in the intestine, not in the stomach. Crushing them can cause rapid release and overdose potential
  • Absorption and Bioavailability: Type of preparation influences bioavailability. Solubility/Dissolvability: Soluble liquid forms more bioavailable.

Other Key Concepts

  • P-glycoprotein: Transports drugs out of cells, reducing absorption
  • Ion Trapping: Drug accumulation on the side of a membrane where pH favors ionization (makes the drug less able to cross the membrane).
  • Drug Absorption factors: blood flow to the absorption site, rate of dissolution, and surface area for absorption.
  • Bioavailability: influenced by drug preparation type, impacting absorption
  • Insulin Administration: Not administered orally because it's broken down by digestive enzymes in the stomach.
  • Prolonged Fasting: Can cause vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the GI tract, slowing drug absorption.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Exam 1 Practice 1060 PDF

Description

This quiz covers essential concepts in pharmacy including drug properties, therapeutic objectives, and pharmacokinetics. It delves into drug absorption mechanisms and locations, providing a comprehensive look at the foundational knowledge required for pharmacy studies. Ideal for students and professionals alike.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser