Evidence Based Decision Making Quiz Review PDF

Evidence Based Decision Making Quiz Review 1. Hierarchy of Evidence Levels of Evidence: o Highest Level: Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses  Combines findings from multiple studies, providing robust evidence. o Lower Levels:  Rando...

Evidence Based Decision Making Quiz Review 1. Hierarchy of Evidence Levels of Evidence: o Highest Level: Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses  Combines findings from multiple studies, providing robust evidence. o Lower Levels:  Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs): High internal validity, random assignment.  Cohort Studies: Observational, follows a group over time.  Case-Control Studies: Observational, compares those with a condition to those without.  Expert Opinion: Lowest level, based on individual expertise without research backing. Purpose of Systematic Reviews: o Synthesis of Research: Summarizes and integrates findings across studies, enhancing the strength of evidence. 2. Validity Construct Validity: o Measures if a study accurately captures the concept it intends to measure. Internal Validity: o Assesses whether the study’s outcomes are due to the variables tested, not confounding factors. o Higher in Randomized Controlled Trials due to random assignment and control over variables. External Validity: o Determines the generalizability of the study's findings to a broader population. o High external validity implies applicability beyond the study sample. True/False Understanding: o Studies can have high internal validity but low external validity, meaning accurate results within the study setting but limited generalizability. 3. Reliability Definition: o Consistency of a measurement tool or instrument in obtaining similar results under consistent conditions. Assessment Tool: o Cronbach’s Alpha: A commonly used statistical method to test internal consistency and reliability. 4. Methodology in Research  Factors in Methodology Strength: o Important factors: Sample Size, Data Collection Methods, Data Analysis Techniques o Less relevant: Theoretical Framework (provides context but doesn’t directly impact methodological rigor) Effect Size: o Indicates practical significance of findings, showing the magnitude of change or effect in a study. Critiquing Validity: o Reviewing Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Ensures the study sample appropriately represents the population and controls for bias. 5. Types of Studies and Evidence for Interventions Randomized Controlled Trials: o Most effective for testing intervention effectiveness due to high internal validity and control over variables. Cohort Studies: o Observational design, tracking groups over time to observe outcomes. Case-Control Studies: o Observational comparison of groups with and without a particular outcome, generally lower in evidence level than cohort studies. 6. Trustworthiness in Qualitative Research Trustworthiness: o Involves credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability in qualitative research. Transferability: o Similar to external validity in quantitative studies, it addresses the extent to which qualitative findings apply to other settings. 7. Relevance and Application in Occupational Therapy Applicability to Practice: o The relevance of study findings to occupational therapy practice is essential for determining their value in professional settings. Limitations: o High-level evidence, while rigorous, may not always directly apply to occupational therapy practice.