DNA Structure and Replication Review PDF

DNA Structure and Replication Review Name: 1. a. Did transmforation experiments on mice with bacteria and showed DNA was involved in the transermation of b. - Tested DNA, RNA, & proteins in heat-killed pathogenic bacteria - It discovered that the transforming agent was DNA Repeat...

DNA Structure and Replication Review Name: 1. a. Did transmforation experiments on mice with bacteria and showed DNA was involved in the transermation of b. - Tested DNA, RNA, & proteins in heat-killed pathogenic bacteria - It discovered that the transforming agent was DNA Repeated Grififth experiment and showed without a doubt that DNA was doing the transformation c. Hershey and Chase discovered that DNA was the stuff of inherent. Used bacteriophages and fluorescent isotopes of S and P to transform bacteria and showed DNA was the stuff of inheritance. d. X-ray crystallography showed DNA was a double Her research showed that DNA was a double helix and anti-parallel helix. Her research was crucial to Watson and Crick. e. - Discovered the double helix by building models to conform to Franklin's X-ray data and Chargaff's Rules. - Watson and Crick established the anti parallel '5 \>'3 orientation and hydrogen boning between bases 2\. What is the basic structure of a DNA molecule? Mention its specific arrangement and orientation DNA is double helix anti-parallel with nitrogenous bases of A pairs with T and G pairs with that are connected with hydrogen bonds. Polymer of nucleotides(sugar + phosphate- A, T, G or C) '5\>'3 A-t G-C joned by hydrogen bonds 3\. What are the pairing rules for DNA and who established them? T pairs to A and G pairs to C discovered by Chargaff. A-T and G-C Chargaff established them if there is 30% A, There is %20 G 30% A and 30% T 20% G 20% C 4\. When DNA is replicated what is the main difference between the leading and lagging strands? How is the lagging strand caused by DNA Polymerase III? DNA unwound by helicase DNA Polymerase III synthesizes new daughter DNA strand in '5 -\> '3 direction Leading strand is synthesized in the direction that its opening Lagging stadn is synthesized in the OPPISITE direction The leading strand is made as a continuous piece with one primer. The lagging strand is made in small pieces and needs as many primers as it needs to complete it. The lagging strand is caused by how DNA Polymerase III makes pieces instead of one long strand. The lagging strand is made oppositely. 5\. What are Okazaki fragments and why do they occur? Okazaki is the pieces of DNA between the primer so that DNA can be synthesized in the essential 5\' to 3\' manner on the lagging strand. Segments of DNA on lagging strand separated by primers 6\. What are the functions of DNA Polymerase I and DNA ligase? Why are they necessary? DNA Polymerase I replaces RHA bases with DNA bases. Ligase joins the fragments together like the glue.