Euro Fuels Specifications PDF

Fuel Engineering Euro Specifications of Gasoline and Diesel Fuels By Dr. Salman Haider Euro Specifications of Gasoline and Diesel Fuels Objective To explain the Euro Specification of Gasoline and Diesel Fuels To Explain...

Fuel Engineering Euro Specifications of Gasoline and Diesel Fuels By Dr. Salman Haider Euro Specifications of Gasoline and Diesel Fuels Objective To explain the Euro Specification of Gasoline and Diesel Fuels To Explain different Test used for testing the quality of (Euro) Fuels To Introduce the source of Extent Gum and its estimation method  Gasoline Preparation Gasoline or petrol is the most common liquid fuel for automobiles. Various processes are applied to produce gasoline of the desired quality. For precise environmental regulations, gasoline specifications are being controlled by applying the latest technologies in oil refineries. Gasoline may include various refinery blending streams like straight run, hydrotreated, isomerate, cracked naphtha, catalytic naphtha, alkylate, reformate, etc. having different properties. Certain additives are also injected into the gasoline pool to  European Standards The first set of CEN (European Committee for Standardization) standards by The European Committee for Standardization (CEN) was voluntarily introduced in 1993. The EN 228 standard covers automotive gasoline fuel quality including lead and sulfur content for gasoline. The CEN standards are periodically updated to reflect changes in specifications, such as the mandatory reductions in sulfur content. The 2009 directive introduced a Low Carbon Fuel Standard to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for road transport fuels. Some of the euro specifications of gasoline fuel are shown in the table below;  WHY DO WE CARE ABOUT OCTANE ? o Octane ratings measure a fuel's ability to resist the spontaneous ignition. o So the higher octane rating means that your car will burn slower. o In addition that every single engine has a specific octane number and o when it use a lower number the engine can be damaged for a short term.AKI or Octane number decreases when component RON MON (R+M)/2 increasing carbon chain length. Methyl hexane 44 46.4 45.2 o Normal Paraffin have low Octane n-butanol 92 71 number as the molecular weight 81.5 n-butane 94 90.1 92 increases. Iso octane 100 100 100 o Some impurities such as lead and Ethanol 108 89.8 98 sulfur can decrease the Octane xylene 118 115 116.5 rate. toluene 121 107 114  European Gasoline Standards and Specifications Some of the euro specifications of gasoline fuel are shown in the table below;  European Standards and Specifications For Euro gasoline, there are several important properties but the three have the greatest impact on engine performance. These are antiknock characteristics, Reid vapor pressure, and boiling range. Sulfur, Benzene, Aromatics, Lead, and Manganese are also very critical. These parameters are critically monitored and controlled to produce the gasoline fuel of the desired quality.  European Standards and Specifications Specifications of Euro-5 gasoline are given in the table below;  Research Octane Number (RON) and Motor Octane Number (MON) Research Octane Number (RON) and Motor Octane Number (MON), is the measurement of the anti- knocking resistance of gasoline fuel. It is measured by comparing the antiknock qualities of fuel with a mixture of iso-octane (octane number 100) and n-heptane (octane number 0). The motor octane number (MON) indicates engine performance at high-way in severe conditions with high speeds (900 rpm). On the other hand, the research octane number is indicative of low-speed city driving (600 rpm). Compression Ratio  RON 88 This denotes the lowest octane type. Fuel with an RON of 88 suits vehicles with an engine compression ratio of 9:1. RON 90 This octane variant is most commonly used in Indonesia. Fuel boasting an RON of 90 is appropriate for vehicles with an engine compression ratio of 10:1. RON 92 This octane rating suits vehicles equipped with Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) technology and engines featuring a compression ratio ranging from 10:1 to 11:1. RON 98 An RON of 98 represents the highest octane level in Indonesia. It is typically utilised for sophisticated engines in sports and premium vehicles possessing a compression ratio of 11:1 to 13:1. RON 100 This is the highest octane type, employed for high-compression racing engines with compression ratios of 13:1 and above.  Reid Vapour Pressure Reid Vapour Pressure (RVP) is(RVP) defined as the absolute vapour pressure exerted by the vapours of the gasoline at 37.8 °C in a volume of air 4 times the volume of liquid. It is the measure of volatility, vapour lock tendency, and explosion hazards of motor gasoline fuel. Sufficient vapour pressure of gasoline is required to start ignition in an internal combustion engine. ASTM D-323 is the standard method used to measure the RVP in the laboratory. It is important to measure RVP to avoid high levels of vaporization so that products are not lost to the atmosphere or the pumps are vapour-locked. In winter low vapor pressure may cause difficulty in starting the engine. Oil refineries control the RVP seasonally to maintain gasoline engine reliability.  Sulfur Content Ultra-low sulfur (