Essential Terminologies in Molten Salt Technology PDF

Essential Terminologies in Molten Salt Technology Brayton Cycle- it is a thermodynamic cycle that describes the workings of a constant-pressure heat engine, often used in high-temperature applications like molten salt storage. Catalyst- it is the ability of molten salts to facilitate ch...

Essential Terminologies in Molten Salt Technology Brayton Cycle- it is a thermodynamic cycle that describes the workings of a constant-pressure heat engine, often used in high-temperature applications like molten salt storage. Catalyst- it is the ability of molten salts to facilitate chemical reactions and synthesize compounds. Cold Tank - it stores the cooler molten salt that has transferred its thermal energy for electricity generation or other uses. Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)- it is a technology that uses mirrors or lenses to concentrate sunlight onto a small area to generate heat, which is then used to produce electricity. Corrosion Resistance- it is the capability of materials or coatings to withstand degradation caused by chemical reactions with molten salts, especially chloride salts. Electricity Conductivity- it is the ability of molten salt to conduct electric charge in their liquid state, where the constituent chemicals exist as ions. Firebrick Insulation- it is a material used to contain molten salts and protect structural elements in storage systems, minimizing the need for more expensive liners. Fissile Material- it refers to substances that can undergo fission upon absorbing thermal neutrons, such as uranium-235 and plutonium-239. In molten salt reactors, these materials can be mixed with molten salts for efficient nuclear fuel utilization. Fissionable Isotope- it is an isotope capable of sustaining a nuclear fission reaction when bombarded with neutrons. Examples include uranium-235 and plutonium-239, which can be dissolved in molten salts for use in MSRs. Fluid Stability- it is the ability of molten salts to flow like water at high temperatures while maintaining a liquid state. This fluidity allows it to behave similarly to water in terms of viscosity at elevated temperatures. Freeze Plug- it is a safety feature in molten salt reactors designed to prevent the uncontrolled release of radioactive materials. It consists of a section of frozen salt that can be melted to allow for controlled drainage of the reactor's contents during emergencies. Freezing Risks- it is the potential for molten salts to solidify at high temperatures (120–250°C), causing blockages and operational challenges. Halotechnics Saltstream700 (SS700)- it is a specific type of molten salt designed for high-temperature energy storage applications. Heliostats- these are devices used in concentrated solar power (CSP) plants that track the sun's movement and reflect sunlight onto a receiver, often containing molten salt. Heat Treatment- in molten salt technology, it refers to a process where materials are subjected to high-temperature treatments using molten salt baths. High Heat Capacity- it is the ability of molten salts to store thermal energy efficiently over extended temperature ranges, particularly up to 700°C. Hot Tank - it stores the heated molten salt that has absorbed thermal energy from the heat source. Hybrid Storage System- it is an integrated energy storage system combining multiple technologies like CSP and nuclear reactors to optimize performance and reliability. Molten Salt- it is a phase change material that is solid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Molten Salt Batteries - are high temperature batteries that use molten salt as electrolytes. Molten Salt Energy Storage Systems (MS-ESS)- it is a system that uses molten salts to store thermal energy for later use in electricity generation, especially in concentrated solar power (CSP) plants. Molten Salt Reactor (MSR)- it is a type of nuclear reactor that utilizes molten salts as both coolant and fuel solvent. This design allows for high operating temperatures and low pressure, enhancing safety and efficiency in nuclear energy production. Molten Salt Technology- it is a system that utilizes molten salts at high temperatures for various applications. Nuclear Energy - refers to the energy released from nuclear reactions, particularly nuclear fission, within a molten salt reactor (MSR). Receiver- it is a component located at the top of a solar power tower that absorbs concentrated sunlight reflected by heliostats. The receiver heats the molten salt flowing through it, enabling the storage of thermal energy or immediate conversion into steam for electricity generation. Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)- it is a type of nuclear reactor with a smaller footprint and modular design, often explored in conjunction with molten salt technologies. Solar Assisted Nuclear Power Plant (SANPP)- it is a hybrid energy system combining parabolic trough solar power with a nuclear reactor to enhance efficiency and reliability. Solid Fuel - in nuclear reactors, it is made of nuclear material, like uranium or plutonium, shaped into small pellets that can sustain a fission chain reaction. Solid Fuel Rod - are long tubes filled with solid fuel pellets, bundled together and inserted into the reactor core to produce heat for generating electricity. Solvent- it is the ability of molten salts to dissolve and dilute various organic and inorganic materials, including metal oxides. Supercritical CO₂- it is a carbon dioxide in a state above its critical temperature and pressure, used as an operating fluid in advanced thermal systems for higher efficiency and reduced corrosion. Thermal Stability- it is the ability of a substance, such as molten salts, to maintain performance under high-temperature conditions without decomposing or reacting. Thermoflex 25.0- it is a simulation software used to analyze and model energy systems, including the SANPP system. Thorium Cycle Fuel- it refers to the use of thorium-232 as a nuclear fuel source in reactors, including MSRs. When thorium absorbs neutrons, it can be converted into fissile uranium-233, providing an alternative fuel cycle with potential benefits for sustainability and waste management. Thermal Energy - is the heat energy stored in a system, which can be used to generate electricity or provide heating.