Earth's Measurements and Properties PDF
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2023
Jodivine A. Navarosa
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Summary
This document provides an overview of Earth's measurements and properties. It explores concepts like circumference, diameter, volume, density, rotational speed, and orbital speed. Calculations and formulas are provided, along with historical background on how the size of the Earth was calculated. This will be a great learning resource for undergraduate students.
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Earth’s Measurements and Properties ES 1-1.1 © 2023 | Jodivine A. Navarosa Faculty, Research-IS Unit Earth’s Measurement and Properties ❖Learning Objectives ▪ Compare the equatorial circumference and polar circumference of the Earth....
Earth’s Measurements and Properties ES 1-1.1 © 2023 | Jodivine A. Navarosa Faculty, Research-IS Unit Earth’s Measurement and Properties ❖Learning Objectives ▪ Compare the equatorial circumference and polar circumference of the Earth. ▪ Account for the different Earth measurements based on the Earth's shape. ▪ Compute the quantities relevant to Earth, such as mass, diameter, circumference, volume, density, rotational speed and orbital speed. © 2023 | Jodivine A. Navarosa Faculty, Research-IS Unit Earth’s Shape OBLATE SPHEROID *Spheroid – deformed sphere *Oblate - deformity happens ON THE LATITUDE © 2023 | Jodivine A. Navarosa Faculty, Research-IS Unit Circumference of the Earth © 2023 | Jodivine A. Navarosa Faculty, Research-IS Unit Circumference of the Earth Eratosthenes of Alexandria ❖ first person to devise a method of estimating the Earth’s circumference ❖ https://cviscpshs- my.sharepoint.com/personal/janavarosa_cvisc_psh s_edu_ph/Documents/How%20The%20Ancient%2 0Greeks%20Proved%20Earth%20Wasn't%20Flat% 202,200%20Years%20Ago.mp4 © 2023 | Jodivine A. Navarosa Faculty, Research-IS Unit © 2023 | Jodivine A. Navarosa Faculty, Research-IS Unit © 2023 | Jodivine A. Navarosa Faculty, Research-IS Unit Equatorial circumference is about 40,075 km. Pole-to-pole (a.k.a. polar/meridional) circumference is less; only about 40,008 km. © 2023 | Jodivine A. Navarosa Faculty, Research-IS Unit Let’s check! © 2023 | Jodivine A. Navarosa Faculty, Research-IS Unit Earth’s Mass ❖The mass of the Earth may be calculated using Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation. ▪ Every object in the universe attracts every other object in the universe with a gravitational force; and ▪ The magnitude of the gravitational force between two objects is: 1. directly proportional to the product of their masses; and 2. inversely proportional to the square of the separation between their centers. © 2023 | Jodivine A. Navarosa Faculty, Research-IS Unit 𝑔𝑟 2 M= 𝐺 G = universal gravitational constant = 6.67 x 10−11 𝑁𝑚2 / 𝑘𝑔2 © 2023 | Jodivine A. Navarosa Faculty, Research-IS Unit Let’s check! © 2023 | Jodivine A. Navarosa Faculty, Research-IS Unit Earth’s Volume Volume of a sphere: r = Earth’s radius © 2023 | Jodivine A. Navarosa Faculty, Research-IS Unit Let’s check! © 2023 | Jodivine A. Navarosa Faculty, Research-IS Unit Earth’s Density Dividing the value of the Earth’s mass by its volume: 𝑀 𝜌= 𝑉 © 2023 | Jodivine A. Navarosa Faculty, Research-IS Unit Let’s check! © 2023 | Jodivine A. Navarosa Faculty, Research-IS Unit Earth’s Rotational Speed 𝐶 ∙ cos(𝛼) 𝑠= 𝑡 © 2023 | Jodivine A. Navarosa Faculty, Research-IS Unit Let’s check! © 2023 | Jodivine A. Navarosa Faculty, Research-IS Unit Earth’s Orbital Speed © 2023 | Jodivine A. Navarosa Faculty, Research-IS Unit Let’s check! © 2023 | Jodivine A. Navarosa Faculty, Research-IS Unit IN SUMMARY + the difference between the measurements of the Earth’s circumference and diameter is due to its shape : an OBLATE SPHEROID (have flattened poles and a bulging equator) + At present, GEODESY helps us know more about the Earth’s measurement. It uses various land surveying techniques and mathematical calculations to accurately measure the Earth’s size and to map its shape. © 2023 | Jodivine A. Navarosa Faculty, Research-IS Unit
