Ergonomics PDF

ERGONOMICS- the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions SCOPE OF ERGONOMICS Design of Man-Made machine systems - system where, in relation to one or more computers Design of Consumer Goods and Service systems -- Design of Working Environment CATEGORIES OF ERGONOMI...

ERGONOMICS- the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions SCOPE OF ERGONOMICS Design of Man-Made machine systems - system where, in relation to one or more computers Design of Consumer Goods and Service systems -- Design of Working Environment CATEGORIES OF ERGONOMICS PHYSICAL ERGONOMICS -- human anatomical, anthropometric, physiological and biochemical PSYCHOLOGICAL ERGONOMICS -- studies mental processes ORGANIZATIONAL ERGONOMICS -- optimizing the organizational structure ERGONOMICS RISK FACTORS POSTURE FORCE FREQUENCY IMPORTANCE OF ERGONOMICS INCREASES PRODUCTIVITY -- best ergonomic solution enhances productivity REDUCE THE COSTS -- can be considered as the one-time investment IMPROVES THE QUALITY OF THE WORK - workers can work efficiently Helps to reduce the absenteeism Assurance to the workers MSDs -- Musculoskeletal Disorders PRINCIPLES OF ERGONOMICS MAINTAIN NEUTRAL POSTURE -- the body is aligned and balanced (opposite of neutral posture is AWKWARD POSTURE) WORK IN THE POWER/COMFORT ZONE -- aka handshake zone ALLOW FOR MOVEMENT AND STRETCHING -- stretching decreases tiredness KEEP THINGS EASY TO REACH -- REDUCE EXCESSIVE FORCE -- REDUCE EXCESSIVE MOTION -- decrease the amount of movements spent MINIMIZE CONTACT STRESS -- PROVIDE CLEARANCE -- REDUCE EXCESSIVE VIBRATION PROVIDE GOOD LIGHTNING CONDITIONS ERGONOMIC PROCESS Assess Risk -- conducting an ergonomic assessment Plan Improvements -- make changes to the workplace Measure Progress -- important component Scale Solutions -- scale best ergonomic processes ERGONOMICS design guidelines \- develop a flexible interior plan \- apply the kitchen work triangle principle \- find the right EQUIPMENT, VENTILATION, and LIGHTNING \- create enough space to ensure smooth work flow \- master the art of tidying and storing STORAGE AREA CAN BE SPLIT INTO THREE PARTS: food storage dry storage colds storage ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF DESIGNS DESIGN -- is the realization of a concept, idea or theory into a drawing ELEMENTS OF DESIGN -- are the building blocks used by the designer to create the design PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN -- combined elements to create a composition A. ELEMENTS OF DESIGN POINT -- smallest and most fundamental LINE -- putting several points SHAPE -- a closed contour (2 dimensions: height and width) FORM -- combination of shape, line and point COLOR -- eyes reaction VALUE -- degree of light TEXTURE -- consistency of the surface SPACE -- field between objects and around them B. PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN BALANCE -- equality, opposite EMPHASIS -- marks the location MOVEMENT- visual flow PATTERN -- repeats precisely REPETITION -- reuse of the same PROPORTION -- same as balance RHYTHM -- alternation VARIETY -- combination of elements KITCHEN DESIGNS U-SHAPE L-SHAPE ONE WALL PENINSULA GALLEY ISLAND