Episode 1: Why are there no freeways in Vancouver? PDF

EPISODE 1: WHY ARE THERE NO FREEWAYS IN VANCOUVER? BLACK SCREEN, WHITE TEXT: “We acknowledge that Undercouver is filmed on the traditional and unceded territory of the of the xʷməθkʷəy̓əm (Musqueam), Sḵwx̱wú7mesh (Squamish), and səlilwətaɬ (Tsleil-Waututh) Nations. EXT. VANCOUVER STREETS...

EPISODE 1: WHY ARE THERE NO FREEWAYS IN VANCOUVER? BLACK SCREEN, WHITE TEXT: “We acknowledge that Undercouver is filmed on the traditional and unceded territory of the of the xʷməθkʷəy̓əm (Musqueam), Sḵwx̱wú7mesh (Squamish), and səlilwətaɬ (Tsleil-Waututh) Nations. EXT. VANCOUVER STREETSIDE, DAY VITTO (WALKING DOWN SIDEWALK) This is Vancouver. A moderately large city situated on the coast of Western Canada. With a population density of about 6,000 per square kilometer, that’s 15000 per square… VITTO OPENS HIS MOUTH FOR A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME *eagle screech noise* *gunshots* *hail to the chief* for all you Americans. You already know there are a lot of people who need to be in a lot of places, either for work, school, or weed. And yet, you see bike lanes, SkyTrains, Incredibly notable highways, But somehow, with high-speed roads, the city spoils our fun! You gawk right at a map and you’ll see, freeways, there are none! But why are there no freeways in which people may maneuver? Stay tuned, and watch the very first episode of Und- this show. THE UNDERCOUVER TITLE SEQUENCE PLAYS VITTO (STREETSIDE) Before we go any further, what is the difference between Metro and Downtown Vancouver? VITTO (V/O) Metro Vancouver is this large splodge of development in the lower mainland. The part we’re talking about in this video is this little benign tumor jutting out into the Burrard Inlet. 2  VITTO (STREETSIDE) Vancouver is often touted as one of the odd cities in North America that don’t have a freeway. Which isn’t entirely true, because there are the bits of freeway here near the PNE, and here near YVR. However, there are MANY roads that FEEL like freeways. Streets like Main or Cambie come to mind, where cars travel relatively fast, and they have 2 to 3 lanes each side. However, Main and Cambie don’t seem to fit the bill. Wikipedia defines a freeway as a 1996 American black comedy crime film written and directed by Matthew Bright and produced by Oliver Stone. VITTO (IN A ROOM WITH LAPTOP) Vancouver has pretty much mastered the art of stopping highways and arterials when they reach downtown. IN GOOGLE MAPS VITTO (V/O) Highway 99 crosses False Creek on the Granville Island bridge, then turns into a funny looking interchange where it turns into Howe and Seymour Street. Highway 1A takes a sharp left turn and merges into the Georgia and the Dunsmuir viaduct. After a really short burst of freeway, it turns into two more one-way streets. The Trans-Canada Highway doesn’t even go close to the downtown core. In fact, almost all the big streets going downtown look like they’re about to turn into a freeway, but when they reach downtown they just go nyaaaaaeeeuurrrrghhh. VITTO (STREETSIDE) But why? Why do all these almost-freeways shy away from downtown? Being such a big city, why have Vancouver planners not come up with the incredibly simple solution of building a freeway? Well, the simple answer is… They have! Twice! And they both didn’t work! Because guess what! Car dependency isn’t the way to go! (Buh-yay!) 3 For the more complicated answer, we have to take you all the way back to the 1920s. WHEN THE SAINTS GO MARCHING IN PLAYS VITTO (V/O) Vancouver was teetering on the edge of a midlife crisis. 40 years of growing meant that it was time to get a new Corvette, jetski, Telecaster, and most importantly, an important change in its form and function. And it’s here, where we’ll introduce ourselves to Harland Bartholomew. Harland Bartholomew was a loser with zero friends. That’s what it says on his Wikipedia page! (ding, graphic) Despite him being a loser with zero friends, he must have been good at what he did, since he was pretty successful. A red-white-and-blue-blooded American through and through, he was commended by US presidents Hoover, Roosevelt, and Eisenhower, who all said the same thing about him. INTERCUT BETWEEN PICTURES OF THE THREE PRESIDENTS, PUT NEXT TO QUOTES HOOVER (O/S) Harland Bartholomew was a- ROOSEVELT (O/S) -loser with zero friends, but- EISENHOWER (O/S) -I’ve got to admit…- ALL THREE (UNISON, O.S) -He’s damn good at his job. VITTO (STREETSIDE) Harland was quite the big-shot, despite his friendlessness and loserity, advising on US slums by paving them over with roads. 4  He saw Vancouver as a blank slate for his new project. It was also AWFULLY convenient that Robert Horne-Payne had just sold his streetcar company, the BCER. VITTO (V/O) The government of British Columbia thought it would be totally permissible to appoint a madman from outside the country (MAP, POINT TO USA) instead of a totally sane man from a different part of outside the country. (MAP, UK) This was a big hoo-ha since the American and British philosophies of urban design were fundamentally different. BRITISH MAN There cannot be a single, solid formula that applies to all cities! Urban planning should be incremental, and should be planned for growth, adjusting to the people’s requirements over long periods of time. AMERICAN MAN —— YEAH, WHAT CAN WE BUILD NOW?! I WANT IT NOW, YOU ——‘N HEAR ME, SINGLE-USE ZONING, MOTHER—— AMERICA, —— YEAH!!!! VITTO (V/O) Vancouver had adopted British philosophy since its establishment, and the city council hardly hired people from the States. However, they decided to be absolute edgelords, and hired Harland just because. He utilized his American urban planning values when he was forced against his own will to publish a whole 310-page yapathon, incredibly concisely titled “A Plan for the City of Vancouver, British Columbia, including a General Plan of the Region”, or APCOVBCIGPOTR. Harland pulled himself by his bootstraps and marched over to the big boys’ office to pitch his Plan for the City of Vancouver, British Columbia, and, get this, a General Plan of the Region. CITY COUNCIL CHAIRMAN Well, Mr. Bartholomew… Get on with it. HARLAND This… is uhm, you’ll find it’s a comprehensive plan for Vancouver… and a general plan of the bits around that. 5 THE MAN FIDDLES WITH THE PROJECTOR HARLAND J-just pull the crank, it’ll take quite a bit- PROJECTOR MAN Shut up, Harland. HARLAND …Okay. THE PROJECTOR PROJECTS THE PROJECTION THE COUNCIL MURMURS AND MUTTERS RANDOM COUNCIL MEMBER L’americaine… HARLAND If we want to bring Vancouver into the new age, It needs something quintessentially… (Harland lowers a pair of Ray-Bans) American. A heavy metal version of The Stars And Stripes Forever plays HARLAND FALSE CREEK? TOO BIG! MAKE IT SMALLER. IT’S A SHIPPING CHANNEL NOW, UPSIDE? MORE LAND! THE FRASER RIVER? TOO CLEAN! MAKE IT F———— FILTHY! FACTORIES, FACTORIES, AND MORE FACTORIES UNTIL THE AIR IS BLACK! NOT MANY OTHER BLACK THINGS I’M WILLING TO ALLOW SAY I WANNA GO STRAIGHT FROM CAMBIE TO BROADWAY, I HAVE TO MAKE TURNS- LOOK AT THIS! NO ONE WANTS TO DO THIS! (maneuvers his hips in a reverse C-shape) Charles, a visible dandy, looks intrigued. HARLAND KNOW WHAT YOU SHOULD DO? BOOM! RIGHT OVER FALSE CREEK. NO FRILLS, NO TURNS, NO BULL——— JUST A PLAIN DIAGONAL, SUPER STRAIGHT, JUST LIKE ME. 6 THE CAMERA GOES STILL FOR A MOMENT, framing Harland looking at a map of the Strathcona industrial, he starts to erratically stomp his feet as if a child throwing a tantrum HARLAND hngggggGGGGGGGGGGGG- I DON’T LIIIIIKE ITTTTTTTTT AHHHHHHHH IT NEEDS REZONINGGGGG- WE NEED AN AIRPORT! The board looks surprised and pleased, with murmurs of “yes, yes” and “I believe so” THE CAMERA GOES SHAKY AGAIN HARLAND 13 OF THEM! FUUUUUUUUUU————YEAHHHH ‘MURICA! HE DOWNS A BOTTLE OF ‘HARLEKEN’ BRAND BEER HARLAND Alright, now, bring it down a bit, can the band just quiet down? CHAIRMAN What band? HARLAND Alright… time for the big finish… (points to a random person) -what I said to your mom last- MAN Shut up, Harland. HARLAND Okay. I present: My Distributor Connector! A ten lane boulevard stretching all the way from Burrard to Pender Streets through a new bridge over False Creek. 120 feet wide! THE CHAIRMAN PULLS UP HIS SHOE AND A RULER TO TRY AND VISUALIZE IT 7  HARLAND And you bet it’s multi-lane, high-speed, and most importantly, new, new, new! Brought to you by your friends down south in the U.S of A, we no lie, we tell true, honest! Let’s make British Columbia the 49th state- I mean establish friendly relations between the US and you… freaky Maple people! And the only way that can happen is this road. The first step on the stairs to coloni- friendliness! It’s a way Vancouver-ians can feel truly free. I call it? The auto-boulevard! MUSIC END VITTO (V/O) Harland Bartholomew was damn good at catering to Americans. Unfortunately, these were not Americans. CHAIRMAN …What… the fu- We see Harland storming out of the office, throwing his whole plan onto the floor, shaking his fists as he screams into the sky. BATTLE HYMN OF THE REPUBLIC, RESUME, TRIUMPHANT 🎵 🎵 CHOIR Damn you, Harland, you have done it once again 🎵 You’re a loser and you have like zero friends 🎵 🎵 Damn you Harland, you have done it once again 🎵 🎵 You’re a nerd with zero friends 🎵 THE CHAIRMAN, ON CRUTCHES, WALKS OUT. CHAIRMAN Bartholomew? 8  HARLAND Oh, what do you want now? Haven’t I been humiliated enough? CHAIRMAN Maybe so, but the problem with you is… you’re just… too enthusiastic. He tries to walk over, but his leg creaks. CHAIRMAN (CONT’D) Oh, my leg's getting a little rusty… guess I have to oil it again, could you help me? There’s a can in my suitcase… Harland lifts his head, and a militaristic snare drum hits. HARLAND …Oil? ABRUPT CUT Harland runs away with flimsy limbs, arms akimbo holding an oil can ABRUPT CUT VITTO (STREETSIDE) So that was Vancouver’s first attempt at a downtown freeway. And it was the last… for a while. 40 years after the Bartholomew debacle however, cars became astronomically popular, and would influence society on an equally astronomical level. This decade in question was… CHORUS THE NINE-TEEN-SIXTIES! FOOTAGE OF VANCOUVER FROM THE 1960S VITTO (V/O) The sixties were a time of revolutionary change in North America. The hustle and bustle, major countries going to war for no reason, and the emergence of a brand new funny-looking leaf called mar-i-ju-anna. The federal government at this time was giving money to cities so that they’d build more highways. Vancouver at this time was also growing rapidly, and needed tons of new housing. 9  VITTO (V/O) And since the recently closed Burrard Inlet ferry used to be people’s main transit system to the North Shore, people started to pass through downtown instead, clogging up traffic for the people who ACTUALLY NEEDED to be there. This was a problem. Add to that the state of the nearly half a century old Georgia Viaduct and the spread of so-called “Urban Blight” (Ahem, lower income minority neighbourhoods), Downtown Vancouver was in desperate need of renewal. The man for the job was Gerald Sutton-Brown, Vancouver’s first chief planner. This time, people actually considered his ideas because he was a Brit, and was therefore more credible. Born and raised in Jamaica, went to school in Southampton, and planned for the cities of Manchester and Liverpool. VITTO (STREETSIDE) Sutton-Brown knew his way around British planning philosophies unlike some losers. So he decided to make a hybrid planning system, combining aspects of American and British planning. VITTO (V/O) With this, he proposed a slew of megaprojects to fix all of Vancouver’s problems. Housing would be built in False Creek and Coal Harbour. Project 200 also provided housing, and would double Downtown’s office and commercial space by covering up the CPR yard. But where would he get all the funding for these housing projects? Remember those highway grants the government was giving out? Well, if you put two and two together, you get four. Sutton-Brown decided to include a freeway in the plan, so that the city could use part of the HIGHWAY funding as HOUSING funding OOOOOOOH. A freeway over Main and Prior Streets would converge in a huge 4 level interchange just above False Creek. It would then go up to the 10 Waterfront, connect to Project 200, and cross the Inlet through what is now Harbour Green park. It would be bigger-er and better-er than every other-er development project in greater-er Vancouver-er-er-er-er-er. Rrrrer. Truly one of the great marvels of the… CHORUS NINE-TEEN-SIXTIES! VITTO (STREETSIDE) However, it was quite problematic. VITTO (V/O) The freeway and interchange would’ve cut straight through Strathcona, Gastown, and Chinatown. Basically the entire east end! WoOoOoOoOaH!!!! One of the people who spoke out against the freeway and led the fight to kill it was UBC professor Walter Hardwick, (immaturely long giggle) who said: WALTER Whoever heard Mr. Sutton Brown, the senior commissioner, make a public speech? They have no business making their goals the goals of the public... I have goals for our city that go far beyond the efficient movement of vehicles! HARDWICK rips up a picture of Sutton-Brown. VITTO (V/O) When the residents realized this, they started to freak out. CHORUS Ahh they’re mad! A PASTICHE OF REVOLUTION PLAYS OVER FOOTAGE OF CHINATOWN PROTESTS VITTO (V/O) Yes, they were mad. Just like the rest of the world in the late… CHORUS NINE-TEEN-SIXTIES! 11  VITTO (V/O) …city governments were building freeways downtown, and city ZENs were protesting against said freeways. The people argued that a freeway would kill Chinatown. Literally, that’s what they said. ZOOM IN ON “FREEWAY WILL KILL CHINATOWN” VITTO (CONT’D) And a closer look at the plan reveals that Chinatown would indeed be heavily impacted. This is Chinatown in 2024. A VOX-STYLE MAP OF CHINATOWN IS SHOWN, BLACK OUTLINED BUILDINGS AND ROADS ON A TAN BACKGROUND VITTO (CONT’D) (V/O) And this is what the freeway looks like on top. A RED GRAPHIC IN THE SHAPE OF THE FREEWAY IS OVERLAID ON TOP THE BUILDINGS WITH THE RED OVERLAY OVER THEM TURN WHITE WITH A THICKER STROKE VITTO (CONT’D) (V/O) These buildings either would be torn down or wouldn’t exist. This is just one example of a minority, then-low income community that would be devastated by the construction of the freeway. If it had been built, we wouldn’t get 4.5 star-rated popular Chinese eatery, Ming Fong Fast Food. And we at Undercouver can’t live without 4.5 star-rated popular Chinese eatery, Ming Fong Fast Food. CUT TO: VITTO AT MING FONG FAST FOOD VITTO THANKYOUMINGFONGFASTFOOD! 谁来救救我，摄像机后面有一个拿着枪的人！ (Shéi lái jiù jiù wǒ, shèxiàngjī hòumiàn yǒu yīgè názhe qiāng de rén!) 12 SUBTITLES: I would die for 4.5 star-rated popular Chinese eatery, Ming Fong Fast Food. VITTO EATS RAVENOUSLY DISCLAIMER, WHITE HELVETICA BOLD “This is not an advertisement.” “Undercouver is in no way affiliated with Ming Fong Fast Food or any of its subsidiaries” “Ang Ming Fong Fast Food ay hindi gamot, and hindi dapat gamiting panggamot sa anumang uri ng sakit.” VITTO (NEAR VIADUCTS) In addition to Chinatown, another neighbourhood would be in jeopardy. Hogan’s Alley stood right in the way of where the new Georgia Viaduct would go. Even though it was literally one block, it was home to Vancouver’s first, only, and last Black neighbourhood. VITTO (V/O) But the city council was in even MORE of a panic than the citizens. 1967 was a very tense period for Vancouver city council. Notably, then-Vancouver Mayor Tom Campbell in a somewhat bemusing speech, addressed the protesters as, and I quote: “Maoists, Communists, pinkos, left-wingers, and hamburgers”. He later defined “hamburgers” as “people without a university degree”. And yes. This is a thing that he actually said. These things, that I claim he said, were things that he actually said. In addition to this, several investors and more importantly all levels of government had already pitched in to fund it. And you wouldn’t want to let greedy investors down would you? So the city went back to the drawing board and proposed… this! The freeway would instead use the new and improved Georgia Viaduct, then down along False Creek on the first plan’s Taylor Street expressway, and under Thurlow Street as a tunnel to the North Shore. But still, people didn’t like it! 13  It took a very inefficient and illogical route through the city, and wouldn’t even be underground for half of the way, which meant downtown would have to put up with the constant noise. It also looked SUSPICIOUSLY like Harland Bartholomew’s Distributor Connector. CUT TO: HARLAND RUNNING AWAY WITH THE OIL CAN AGAIN, ‘SPANISH FLEA’ PLAYING TEXT: THE MAN WHO THESE PEOPLE MIGHT HAVE BASED THEIR PLAN ON. VITTO (WALKING DOWN SIDEWALK) With the plan being worse than the last one, people protested even harder. They managed to get 21,000 signatures to never ever have a freeway in Vancouver ever again and make Chinatown a Historic District. VITTO (V/O) The federal government saw that Vancouver just couldn’t get on with it. So they took away all the funding for the freeway, and by extension the housing projects. But the city just couldn’t ignore the Georgia Viaduct, so the rebuilding was given the green light. VITTO (STREETSIDE) On the upside however, no political party or anyone really ever since has put forward any serious plan to build freeways downtown since the… CHORUS NINE-TEEN-SIXTIES! But without the vital transport connection, how were people supposed to get from Vancouver to the North Shore? Or better yet, how was Vancouver going to get to Vancouver? What was the solution to this commuting conundrum? FOOTAGE OF VANCOUVER FROM THE 1970S VITTO (V/O) It was clear by this time that the city of Vancouver was just not destined for a freeway, and it’s understandable because of its extremely tricky spot. There was and is simply no way to build one without razing thousands of meters of the downtown. 14  And at the same time, Vancouver and its Metro was growing even more rapidly in… CHORUS THE NINE-TEEN- ✨-sebentiss.✨ VITTO (V/O) VITTO (STREETSIDE) So a transit solution was desperately needed. The government started talk of this new thing called a… Sky… Train? Well that’s stupid. It’s like if they made a… Sea… Bus… What WILL they think of next?… …stupid. SHORT PAUSE VITTO (V/O) 10 years later, the SeaBus was put into service in 1977, Putting an end to the pesky North Shore problem. Today, the SeaBus carries 15,000 people a day across the Inlet. 15,000 people who would’ve otherwise been in their cars causing traffic. The Burrard Inlet Ferry would be proud. Another 10 years later, the SkyTrain was unveiled at Expo 86, forever revolutionizing transit and “property values”. It carries almost half a million people a day across Metro Vancouver, from Richmond all the way to Coquitlam, with plans in place for a route to the North Shore. VITTO (STREETSIDE) So what remains of these failed megaprojects from 50 years ago? Only one of the two planned office buildings for Project 200 were ever built. This is 200 Granville Street. Fitting. While Sutton-Brown’s False Creek housing plan did fail, the developments here today look suspiciously similar to what he planned. There’s a small curved patch of grass on Gore and Union that was meant to be for one of the slip lanes. And the viaducts have to be the dead giveaway that a freeway was supposed to go here. 15 DISCLAIMER: “This is an Undercouver opinion!” VITTO (NEAR VIADUCTS) Have I mentioned that these two are absolutely useless? And that we should tear them down? SHOW SHOTS OF THE VIADUCTS These things were designed to carry upwards of 1,800 vehicles per lane per hour, but only carry 750, which is less than half. Might I also mention that this wasn’t built with any earthquake safety in mind. Especially considering… ‘the b i g o n e.’ They also have no business being here without the REST of the planned interchange, which was horrible in the first place. A modernized Georgia Street viaduct would’ve been perfectly okay. Fortunately, there has been a plan set in place to tear down these stupid things, and put down some much-needed housing and green space. The Northeast False Creek Plan or NEFC will be put into action no later than 2027. But you’ll come to find some people today, mostly chronically-online meganerds, are still split on the topic of a freeway through Downtown to the North Shore. Why? Are there genuine pros and cons for Vancouver to have continued with the plan? Well, what are the pros, if there are any? VITTO (V/O) Pro one. Traffic. The freeway study actually extended throughout the Metro. These coloured lines showed where a freeway would be most viable. Ironically, some of these routes are the most congested today. Vancouver in 2023 was the 4th worst for congestion in the entire continent. And don’t forget, the Port of Vancouver is the busiest and biggest port in the country, which means lots and lots of trucks going through the city. Pro two. Livability. 16  Project 200 and the other plans would have built housing for over 50,000 people. This would keep housing prices down for the decades to come. Pro three. Looks. VITTO (AT GRANVILLE SQUARE) Project 200 would’ve not only doubled Downtown’s area, but built over this railyard. Keeping it out of sight, out of mind. And now to the cons. VITTO (V/O) Con one. Traffic. A freeway would’ve basically made people want to drive more. Meaning more people driving through downtown, which is exactly what they wanted to get rid of. People are just more likely to skip all these streets and use the freeway to get Downtown. Con two. Livability. VITTO (STREETSIDE) The housing projects that were proposed in the 60s were probably not the city’s ONLY opportunity to keep housing prices down. Plus, Downtown Vancouver is known for its walkability and greenspace. A freeway would’ve made it less livable for the residents. What some people forget is that people actually live here, and a top down approach to planning isn’t what a dense and diverse city needs. VITTO (V/O) Con three. Looks. VITTO (AT VIADUCTS) The Viaducts today have a lot of dead space in between them that could’ve been put to better use. There’s the skate park… and that’s about it. If the full freeway system were built, it’d basically mean more dead zones like this. Eurgh. VITTO (V/O) Con four. Pollution. 17  VITTO (NEAR SCIENCE WORLD) It’s no surprise that more cars means more pollution. Both the noise and the air kind. Just IMAGINE a freeway right where I’m standing. VITTO (V/O) Con five. Transit. VITTO (STREETSIDE) The planners did intend to build both a freeway AND rapid transit in one of the later plans. But by this time, the city was fed up with the freeway. And since the funds were all taken away, it was basically one or the other. VITTO (V/O) Con six. Money. VITTO (ON VIADUCTS) The average highway in Canada lasts around 30 years. If a freeway were built almost 60 years ago, Vancouver would’ve had to go through 2 major highway upgrades. Holding up this much traffic and working on a system as complex as this would cost loads. VITTO (V/O) Con seven. Science World. VITTO (AT SCIENCE WORLD) If the freeway was built, it would’ve probably meant limited room for Expo 86. Which means no Pepsi™️ presents: TELUS™️ World of Science™️ brought to you by MasterCard™️. THANKYOUPEPSI™️PRESENTSTELUS™️WORLDOFSCIENCE™️BROUGHTTOYOUBYMASTERCARD™️! VITTO EATS A PICTURE OF SCIENCE WORLD RAVENOUSLY DISCLAIMER, WHITE HELVETICA BOLD “This is not an advertisement.” “Undercouver is in no way affiliated with Science World or any of its subsidiaries” “Ang Pepsi™️ presents: TELUS™️ World of Science™️ brought to you by MasterCard™️ ay hindi gamot, and hindi dapat gamiting panggamot sa anumang uri ng sakit.” VITTO (STREETSIDE) 18  So as you can clearly see, even though there are far more cons than pros, you’ve got to admit, this is a pretty sticky issue, that should ultimately be blamed on the fact that they decided to pay for both housing AND highways using ONLY highway funds. In our timeline, the freeway and housing projects never got built, which led to a more dense and walkable Downtown, at the cost of housing affordability. In an alternate timeline, the freeway and housing projects DID get built, which would lead to lower housing prices, at the cost of car dependency, traffic, and pollution. But at the end of the day, it’s understandable that people disagree. After all, democracy requires differing opinions like these to reach a compromise. And if those people from the… CHORUS NINE-TEEN-SIXTIES! VITTO (STREETSIDE) …had never put their opinion forward and fought against this, Vancouver would’ve never become the city it is today. A city that has somehow managed to strike a perfect balance between cars and transit. So always remember, take advantage of the existence of a city council. Raise your voice for or against things that you might find important, whether you’re in a position to decide these things, a regular civilian, or even a chronically online meganerd, there’s a chance you can make a difference in the place you live in for seven generations down the line. And don’t forget to visit 4.5 star-rated popular Chinese eatery, Ming Fong Fast Food! THANKYOUMI- SPY MUSIC PLAYS VITTO (STREETSIDE) So that’s the story of Vancouver’s freeway debacles. However, that wasn’t the only lesser-known plan Vancouver’s had. In fact there was a whole method of transportation that basically built Vancouver as a city. But how come they aren’t around today? Find out in the next episode of Undercouver. 19 THE UNDERCOUVER END CREDITS PLAY 20