Exercise Physiology Final Exam Study Guide Fall 2024 PDF

Exercise Physiology Final Exam ============================== Hormonal Control/Endocrinology (Ch. 4) ====================================== What are the 3 different classifications of hormones? - Steroid hormones- Chemically like cholesterol - Directly derived from cholesterol - Lipid-solub...

Exercise Physiology Final Exam ============================== Hormonal Control/Endocrinology (Ch. 4) ====================================== What are the 3 different classifications of hormones? - Steroid hormones- Chemically like cholesterol - Directly derived from cholesterol - Lipid-soluble **- Examples include testosterone** - **Non-steroid hormones characteristics: - Not lipid soluble - Cannot cross cellular membranes easily - Subdivided into two groups: \* Protein hormones \* Peptide hormone** - **Adrenal medulla hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) are amino acid derived hormones Non-steroid hormones are categorized into two types: - Protein hormones - Peptide hormones** What are the factors that affect hormone concentrations in the blood? - **Pulsatile hormone release pattern Hormones do not have constant steady output** - ** Hormone Regulation Mechanism: Negative Feedback - Hormone secretion controlled by body\'s self-regulating system - Large hormone amounts → reduce physiological response** - ** Hormone plasma concentrations are highly variable Significant fluctuations occur across different hormones Concentration levels are not static but dynamically changing** - Describe the Factors that stimulate the production/release of each of the following hormones and the target tissues and their effect on the body: - Growth hormone, antidiuretic hormone, testosterone, estrogen, catecholamines, cortisol, insulin, glucagon - Describe the mechanisms of fluid balance/maintenance of hydration (what hormones regulate and how?) Cardiovascular System (Ch. 7) ============================= - What are the major cardiovascular system functions? - Describe the cardiac conduction system. - Describe the cardiac cycle. - What are stroke volume, cardiac output, and ejection fraction? - Describe how blood flow can change. - Identify P, QRS and T waves on an ECG. Measure HR from an ECG strip. Cardiorespiratory Responses to Exercise (Ch. 9) =============================================== - What is the Fick equation and what does it calculate? - How is HR max calculated? - Describe the cardiovascular responses to acute exercise. - What factors determine stroke volume and cardiac output? - Why does stroke volume change during exercise? By what mechanism? - How does blood flow change during exercise? - What is residual volume, tidal volume, vital capacity, total lung capacity, & functional residual capacity? (**Chapter 8**) Principles of Exercise Training (Ch. 10) ======================================== - What are the differences between strength, power, and endurance? - Describe the different training principles. - Describe the periodization model. - What are the different metabolic systems utilized in aerobic and anaerobic training programs? - How can you manipulate interval training? Adaptations to Resistance Training (Ch. 11,12) ============================================== - What are the mechanisms behind strength gains? - What are the differences between fiber hypertrophy and fiber hyperplasia? - What is DOMS? Adaptations to Aerobic and Anaerobic Training (Ch. 11,12) ========================================================= - As exercise professionals, how do we evaluate aerobic endurance? - What does the Fick equation determine? - Describe the cardiovascular adaptations to endurance training. - What kinds of adaptations occur to muscle during endurance training? - What factors affect VO2 max? - Be familiar with the different parameters of an exercise prescription and program design. Laboratory Section ================== - Methods of assessment (skinfold, hydrostatic, anthropometric, hip to waist ratio, BMI, circumference...) - Ideal percent values for men and women - Calculation of ideal body weight, BMI - Principles for hydrostatic weighing o Methods of assessment, tare weight, effects of ambient and water temperature - Body density, Vital Capacity, Residual Volume, percent fat and absolute fat calculations - ECG lead placement (chest and limb leads) - PQRST wave patterns and Heart cycle and conductivity - Effects of body position, exercise and recovery on ECG - Procedures and significance - Maximal oxygen uptake, Criterion for VO2max attainment - Direct measurement of aerobic capacity - VE, FIO2, FICO2, FEO2, FECO2, VO2 (ATPS, BTPS, STPD), R (RER, RQ), METS, Kcals - Understand the methods of assessment and the purpose for standardizing the values of gases - Determine fuel selection based on RER values - Be able to calculate kcals/min, VO2 and METs with data provided. - Work vs power (joules vs. watts) - Anaerobic Treadmill Test, Wingate Anaerobic Bike Test - Understand the methods of assessment and the significance for each value obtained