Environmental Science Week 7 (Part 2) PDF

 WEEK 7  CILOs C1. Demonstrate an advanced level of knowledge and understanding of core facts, principles and theories in environmental systems. C3. Investigate the impact of the exploding global population in relation to the population growth rate, and define critical is...

 WEEK 7  CILOs C1. Demonstrate an advanced level of knowledge and understanding of core facts, principles and theories in environmental systems. C3. Investigate the impact of the exploding global population in relation to the population growth rate, and define critical issues associated with the growth of the global population. 3  o Water in the liquid form is an important compound for organism’s survival. o Whenever there is water, life will be there. o Water is important for plant to maintain photosynthesis reaction, that reaction important to convert inorganic matter to organic matter required for other organism. o Because of water properties it has been used as solvent and can store heat which make water useful for heat transfer process both for heating and cooling in power plant and industries. 4  o The quality of water is important, which mean water must be free of any impurities, dissolved compound, and pollutant to be suitable to use for human and other commercial purposes. o Fresh water is the only water that can be consumed by human and commercial, but its available in nature in tiny amount only. o Potable water defines as “the water that is unpolluted and suitable for drinking”. 5  < Fresh Water Resources> 6  o 97.5% of the available water is saltwater and only 2.5% of the available water is fresh water in nature, o This required more effort to come up with the suitable technology to treat water from salt and other impurities o At the same time ensure that the quality of water that effluent from industries and other places is up to standard. 7  o World Health Organization found that “about 25% of the world people do not have safe water for drinking”, o At the same time United Nations Environment Program found that “5 – 10 million deaths annually because of diseases related to water”. 8  < Water Issues> Exercise 1. Identify two usages of water. 9  < Water Issues> Exercise 2. Choose the sources of fresh water from the list below: a. Sea b. Ice c. Ground d. River e. Sewage 10  < Water Issues> Exercise 3. Identify the water risk from the list below: a. Huge amount of rain b. Human population growth c. Reduction in the amount of water on the rivers d. Utilization of water in various industrial processes 11  o Water goes into a constant cycle in nature called hydrologic cycle. o The hydrological cycle involves of two physical processes evaporation followed by condensation of water. o Evaporation is adding heat to water molecules where it will be converted from liquid state of matter to gas state of matter. o Condensation is released of heat from water molecules where it will be converted from gaseous state of matter to liquid state of matter. 12  o Liquid water required energy to be evaporated which will be obtained from sun. o water will be evaporated from various resources those are ocean, freshwater resources, soil, and surface of plant. o Water will be retained to the land as rain or snow. o To maintain the stability of water amount in nature, the amount of water condensate should be equal or greater than the amount of water evaporated. 13  14  o The water cycle will be completed once: o The liquid water from condensation process retained back to the ocean through river, o Plant absorbed the water from soil, o Water will go to the underground through infiltration. 15  < Water Cycle> Exercise 4. Define the below terms: a. Hydrological Cycle. b. Evaporation c. Condensation 16  o Human has an influence on the water cycle which make the availability and quality water under risk. o The main impact is the climate change due to the increase concentration of greenhouse gases. o Climate change cause increase in the amount of water evaporated and reduction in the amount of rain or snow by the time the water cycle process will be affected. 17  o Gaseous emission from industries will precipitate in the ocean that considered as the sink of air pollutants. o Climate change will effect sea level due to melting ice in specific area. o Increase in the usage of water for cooling which lead to increase in water evaporation will effect on the water cycle. o Increase in building and construction of roads especially, closed the way of water for infiltration and increase the runoff which lead to reduction in the amount of underground water. 18  o Water mainly use for o Agriculture, o Domestic, o Industrial. o For water to be used for domestic it needs to go through complex, costly, storage, purification, and distribution systems. 19  20  o Water to be used for domestic purpose it needs to go through treatment process called desalination. o Desalination defines as “the treatment process of sea water to be used for domestic purpose”. o The first stage in the desalination process is filtration where sand and other suspended particles removed from water, o then chemicals are added to water enhance the combination of the dissolved particles in order to be removed, o finally disinfection water by chlorine, ozone, or ultraviolet light will be done to 21 ensure that no organisms are growth in water.  < Water Cycle> Exercise 5. Choose the sources of water for evaporation process from the list below: a. Ocean b. Rain c. Ground water d. Water on plant surfaces 22  < Water Cycle and Human influence> Exercise 6. Choose the main cause that influence on the water cycle from the list below: a. Gases in the oceans b. Building and road construction c. Climate change d. Increase underground water 23  < Water Cycle and Human influence> Exercise 7. Identify two impact of human on the water cycles. 24  < Domestic Water> Exercise 8. Write two usages for domestic water. 25  Exercise 9. Draw a simple sketch that shows desalination process. 26  Exercise 10. Write two solutions to reduce the impact of human on the availability of water. 27  What did you learn? Water Water treatment issues Domestic Water water Cycle Human impact on Water utilization the water quality 28