Environmental Science PDF

BASIC CONCEPTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 1  INTRODUCTION TO Module 01 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2 LEARNING OUTCOMES 01 ENVIRONMENT AND 02 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTALISM BASIC CONCEPTS OF AND PERSISTENT...

BASIC CONCEPTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 1  INTRODUCTION TO Module 01 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2 LEARNING OUTCOMES 01 ENVIRONMENT AND 02 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTALISM BASIC CONCEPTS OF AND PERSISTENT ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES § Determine the importance of § Learn what is environmentalism the environment § Know and understand the § Learn the basic concepts of significant contributions of some environmental science personality that promote the ideas § Learn the seven of resource conservation and environmental principles preservation § Determine the importance of § Describe significant and essential environmental science environmental problems facing our world  01 ENVIRONMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE ENVIRONMENT /ənˈvīrə(n)m(ə)nt/ French origin : ENVIRONNER = to encircle or to surround § The physical, non-living, and living surroundings of a society with which it has a reciprocal relationship. water, air, and land + the interrelationships + living organisms  FUNCTIONS OF ENVIRONMENT the various roles and contributions that the environment makes to support life and human activities 6  Source of resource inputs various natural resources that are essential for human survival and economic activities Source of amenity services Provides life support Receptacle for waste 7  Source of amenity services aesthetic and recreational benefits from the natural environments Provides life support Receptacle for waste Source of resource inputs 8  Provides life support by providing clean air, clean water, and a stable climate Receptacle for waste Source of resource inputs Source of amenity services 9  Receptacle for waste disposal of waste materials generated by human activities Source of resource inputs Source of amenity services Provides life support 10  ECOSYSTEM SERVICES various benefits that humans derive from healthy ecosystems PROVISIONING CULTURAL REGULATING SUPPORTING SERVICES SERVICES SERVICES SERVICES 11  Food PROVISIONING The products directly obtained from ecosystems SERVICES 12  Water PROVISIONING The products directly obtained from ecosystems SERVICES 13  Raw materials PROVISIONING The products directly obtained from ecosystems SERVICES 14  Medicine PROVISIONING The products directly obtained from ecosystems SERVICES 15  Recreation and mental and physical health CULTURAL SERVICES Nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems 16  Tourism CULTURAL SERVICES Nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems 17  Aesthetic appreciation and inspiration for culture, art and design CULTURAL SERVICES Nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems 18  Spiritual experience and sense of place CULTURAL SERVICES Nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems 19  Local climate air quality REGULATING SERVICES The benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes 20  Carbon sequestration and storage § the process by which carbon dioxide (CO2) is removed from the atmosphere and stored in long-term reservoirs REGULATING SERVICES The benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes 21  Moderation of extreme events REGULATING SERVICES The benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes 22  Waste water treatment REGULATING SERVICES The benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes 23  Erosion prevention and maintenance of soil fertility REGULATING SERVICES The benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes 24  Pollination REGULATING SERVICES The benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes 25  Biological control REGULATING SERVICES The benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes 26 Regulation of water flow REGULATING SERVICES The benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes 27  Habitat for species SUPPORTING SERVICES Indirect services, as they are necessary for the production of provisioning, regulating or cultural services 28  NATURAL RESOURCES essential components of the environment that humans use to meet their needs and enhance their quality of life 29  RENEWABLE NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES Natural resources that can be Natural resource that cannot be replenished in a short period of re-made or re-grown at a scale time comparable to its consumption Wind Solar Nuclear Energy Natural Gas Water Forest products Fossil fuels Petroleum 30 SEVEN ENVIRONMENTAL PRINCIPLES 31  SEVEN ENVIRONMENTAL PRINCIPLES 1. Nature knows best. 2. All forms of life are important. 3. Everything is connected to everything else. 4. Everything changes. 5. Everything must go somewhere. 6. Ours is a finite Earth. Source: Del Toro, Israel & Ribbons, Relena & Pelini, Shannon. (2012). 7. Nature is beautiful and that humans are the stewards of God. 32  SEVEN ENVIRONMENTAL PRINCIPLES 1. Nature knows best. 2. All forms of life are important. 3. Everything is connected to everything else. 4. Everything changes. 5. Everything must go somewhere. 6. Ours is a finite Earth. 7. Nature is beautiful and that humans are the stewards of God. 33  SEVEN ENVIRONMENTAL PRINCIPLES 1. Nature knows best. 2. All forms of life are important. 3. Everything is connected to everything else. 4. Everything changes. 5. Everything must go somewhere. 6. Ours is a finite Earth. 7. Nature is beautiful and that humans are the stewards of God. 34  SEVEN ENVIRONMENTAL PRINCIPLES 1. Nature knows best. 2. All forms of life are important. 3. Everything is connected to everything else. 4. Everything changes. 5. Everything must go somewhere. 6. Ours is a finite Earth. 7. Nature is beautiful and that humans are the stewards of God. 35  SEVEN ENVIRONMENTAL PRINCIPLES 1. Nature knows best. 2. All forms of life are important. 3. Everything is connected to everything else. 4. Everything changes. 5. Everything must go somewhere. 6. Ours is a finite Earth. 7. Nature is beautiful and that humans are the stewards of God. 36  SEVEN ENVIRONMENTAL PRINCIPLES 1. Nature knows best. 2. All forms of life are important. 3. Everything is connected to everything else. 4. Everything changes. 5. Everything must go somewhere. 6. Ours is a finite Earth. 7. Nature is beautiful and that humans are the stewards of God. https://www.playstreetmuseum.com/blog/natural-resources 37  SEVEN ENVIRONMENTAL PRINCIPLES 1. Nature knows best. 2. All forms of life are important. 3. Everything is connected to everything else. 4. Everything changes. 5. Everything must go somewhere. 6. Ours is a finite Earth. 7. Nature is beautiful and that humans are the stewards of God. 38 What is Environmental Science? 39  ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE The use of scientific approaches TO UNDERSTAND THE COMPLEX SYSTEMS in which we live. § The systematic study of our environment and our place in it. § Application of fundamental knowledge to real-world problems. 40  FACTS ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 41 FACTS ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Politics Ethics 01 INTEGRATIVE Economics Demography Anthropology 02 GLOBAL Philosophy Biology Geography 03 HELPS US UNDERSTAND OUR Chemistry Geology PLANET Ecology Physics 42 FACTS ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 01 INTEGRATIVE § Global dependence on resources § Global environmental problems 02 GLOBAL § Global solutions 03 HELPS US UNDERSTAND OUR REMARKABLE PLANET 43 FACTS ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 01 INTEGRATIVE 02 GLOBAL 03 HELPS US § Earth's Systems UNDERSTAND OUR § Earth's natural processes § The impacts of human activities REMARKABLE § The challenges facing our planet PLANET 44  MAIN GOALS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 45 MAIN GOALS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LEARN HOW THE NATURAL WORLD WORKS. UNDERSTAND HOW HUMANS INTERACT WITH THE ENVIRONMENT. DETERMINE HOW WE AFFECT THE ENVIRONMENT. 46  02 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTALISM AND PERSISTENT ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES ENVIRONMENTALISM /ənˌvīrə(n)ˈmen(t)lˌiz(ə)m/ A social movement or an ideology focused on the welfare of the environment, environmentalism seeks to protect and conserve the elements of earth's ecosystem. OXFORD: “Concern about and action aimed at PROTECTING ENVIRONMENT”  ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE the use of scientific methods to study processes and versus systems in the environment in which we live ENVIRONMENTALISM working to influence attitudes and policies that affect our environment ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE IS NOT THE SAME AS ENVIRONMENTALISM 49  HISTORIC ROOTS OF GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTALISM 50 4th CENTURY B.C. 18th CENTURY B.C. 1764 1769 Deforestation has adverse effects. The connections between deforestation, soil erosion, and local climate change were already observed and PLATO understood. /play-tow/ 51 4th CENTURY B.C. 18th CENTURY B.C. 1764 1769 Some of the earliest recorded scientific studies of environmental damage were carried out by French or British colonial administrators. 52 4th CENTURY B.C. 18th CENTURY B.C. 1764 1769 Hale’s idea of conserving green plants preserves rainfall was put into practice on the Caribbean island, where about 20 percent of the land was marked as STEPHEN “reserved in wood for rains.” HALE British Plant Physiologist 53 4th CENTURY B.C. 18th CENTURY B.C. 1764 1769 Poivre was appalled at the environmental and social devastation caused by destruction of wildlife PIERRE POIVRE /pwah-vruh/ Mauritius remains a model for balancing nature and an early French governor of Mauritius human needs. (/mr-i-shuhs/) ordered that one-quarter of Mauritius be preserved in forests 54  FOUR STAGES BEFORE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTALISM 55 01 RESOURCE WASTE TRIGGERED PRAGMATIC RESOURCE CONSERVATION “All Nature is linked together by invisible bonds and every organic creature, however low, however feeble, however dependent, is necessary to the well- being of some other among the myriad forms of life.” 56  01 RESOURCE WASTE TRIGGERED PRAGMATIC RESOURCE CONSERVATION Theodore Gifford Pinchot, Roosevelt, first American Progressive forester Movement  First chief of leader (1905) the new Forest  Moved forest Service management into the Department of Agriculture. Both recognized the framework of the national forest, park, and wildlife refuge system. The basis of Roosevelt’s and Pinchot’s policies was pragmatic utilitarian conservation. 57  02 ETHICAL AND AESTHETIC CONCERNS MOTIVATED THE PRESERVATION MOVEMENT John Muir, geologist, author, first Sierra Club president “Nature deserves to exist for its own sake, Aldo Leopold, wildlife regardless of its ecologist usefulness to us.” “Conservation is the positive exercise of skill and insight, not merely a negative exercise of abstinence or caution.” 58 03 RISING POLLUTION LEVELS LED TO THE MODERN ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT Rachel Carson, stimulated modern environmentalism through her book (1962) 59 03 RISING POLLUTION LEVELS LED TO THE MODERN ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT Rachel Carson, David Brower, Father stimulated modern of Modern environmentalism Environmental through her book (1962) Movement 60 04 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IS TIED TO SOCIAL PROGRESS Barry Commoner, molecular Wangari Maathai, Green Belt Movement biologist Founder § public campaigns against nuclear § planted more than 30 million trees testing, chemical pollution and while mobilizing communities environmental decay § Nobel Peace Prize for her work (2004) 61 STAGES BEFORE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTALISM 01 Resource waste triggered pragmatic resource conservation 02 Ethical and aesthetic concerns motivated the preservation movement 03 Rising pollution levels led to the modern environmental movement 04 Environmental quality is tied to social progress 62 WHAT PERSISTENT CHALLENGES DO WE FACE? 63 WHAT PERSISTENT CHALLENGES DO WE FACE? Environmental Quality Human Population Natural Resources 64 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Environmental Quality GREENHOUSE GASES. concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere have increased nearly 50 percent. CLEAN WATER. 1.1 billion people lack access to safe drinking water AIR QUALITY. 2 billion metric tons of air pollutants are released each year (UN). 65 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES § Human population and well-being § Population growth, Hunger and Food § Number of people on earth – 7 billion § Number of degraded agricultural lands – two-thirds § Number of people chronically hungry – 850 million § Number of people with food shortages – 60 millions 66 67  GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Natural Resources BIODIVERSITY LOSS 800 species have disappeared and 10,000 species are now considered threatened. In 2004, bird and butterfly populations had declined by 50 to 75 Half of the forests existing before the introduction of agriculture have been cleared. 68  GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Natural Resources MARINE RESOURCES. More than three- quarters of the 441 fish stocks are severely depleted. 90 percent of all the large predators have been removed from the ocean. ENERGY RESOURCES. Costs of extracting and burning these fuels: air and water pollution, mining damage, violent conflicts, and climate change. 69 TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS (1968) 70  “ Freedom in a commons brings “ RUIN TO ALL. Garrett Hardin 71 Someone will pick it up 72 Someone will pick it up 73 Someone will pick it up TRAG COMMONS EDY O F THE 74 TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS 75 76 Lady Eboshi from the movie: Princess Mononoke (by ghibli) In the film, Lady Eboshi is depicted as a powerful and ambitious businesswoman who is determined to industrialize her community and make it prosperous. To achieve this goal, she uses advanced technology, such as guns and explosives, to clear the forest and extract its natural resources, including iron and timber. Overall, Lady Eboshi's character represents the complex and often conflicting values of business, progress, and environmentalism. Her actions and motivations raise important ethical questions about the role of technology and industry in society, and the need to balance economic development with environmental conservation and social justice. 77  “ Sustainable development: meeting the needs of the present without “ compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs. GRO HARLEM BRUNDTLAND Former Director-General, WHO 78 SUSTAINABILITY § Environmental Sustainability- living within the means of our natural resource. § Economic Sustainability- requires a business or a country to use its resources efficiently. § Social Sustainability- ability of society to persistently achieve good social well-being. 79 T HR O U G H O U T 80