English Midterm Study Guide PDF

## Pink Floyd Night School - **Where and when does the narrative begin?** In 1974, at a concert in a city (probably London). - **Most likely, Pink Floyd is a musical group that plays what type of music?** Rock. - **What is this essay's point of view?** Third person. - **At the top of page 117, "hum...

## Pink Floyd Night School - **Where and when does the narrative begin?** In 1974, at a concert in a city (probably London). - **Most likely, Pink Floyd is a musical group that plays what type of music?** Rock. - **What is this essay's point of view?** Third person. - **At the top of page 117, "humped" as used in the first two lines most likely means:** Carrying. - **Why was the Pink Floyd crew "unsteady" with raising the canopy?** This was the first time the canopy was used. - **What prevents the crew from bringing down the canopy gently?** The canopy was full of equipment. - **Copy the claim that is supported with the evidence regarding the band Queen?** There was tension between the roadies and the stage crew. - **What claim does the evidence regarding Stevie Nicks support?** The stage manager always supported the integrity of the stage crew. - **Who is most responsible for setting the canopy free?** The stage manager. - **What is the point of this narrative, its theme?** Unexpected challenges and events that come with stage performing. To take life slow. On back answer question four under "Style and Structure" on page 119, and complete the "journal entry" on page 120. ## "Thirty-Eight Who Saw Murder..." (127) Reading Guide - **Why is "good people" in quotation marks in paragraph four?** Because they were not really "good"; they would have called the police. - **What is the primary function of paragraph six?** To transition to the intent of Ms. Genovese. - **Why doesn't Ms. Genovese's apartment have a front entrance?** The front was rented to a rental state. - **What is a "call box" used for?** Calling the police. - **Did Catherine Genovese's neighborhood have 911 service?** Yes. - **Supporting your answer?** "Then, herowing the kended of Austin Moser frward Leffects Boulevard, where there is a call box to the 100th police precinct." - **Is the article's thesis stated or implied?** Implied. - **What is the article's thesis?** The people failed to call the police. - **Briefly list the events of the article in chronological order:** Catherine Genovese was a 28 year old woman in Queens who returned home to her apartment at 3:20AM after a long day of work. As she was going up to her apartment, she noticed a strange man and she ran up the street to the salt boy when the man grabbed her and stabbed her. She tried to get to her apartment, where she was stabbed again. She went into the doorway where she was stabbed again, finally. It was then when a neighbor called in, after she had died. - **This article doesn't have a formal conclusion; nevertheless, the last paragraph sums up the writer's attitude. How?** The author ends the article in a disappointed attitude by saying "then, the people came out." ## "Shooting an Elephant" In text citation review. - **Copy and cite evidence that supports the claim, "In a job like that you see the dirty work of Empire at close quarters" (Orwell 134). Be certain to cite your evidence correctly.** "The wretchedness of the long, kem, convicting, the scared buttocks of the ... inevitable sense of guilt" (Orwell 139). - **In paragraph 7, the narrator compares himself to all of the following EXCEPT:** > a. sharp-shooter > b. a magician > c. an actor > d. a puppet > e. a dummy - **In paragraph seven, the author perceives the reality of his situation. This realization speaks to the theme of the essay. Copy the perception the narrator comes to in this paragraph making certain to cite the sentence you copy properly.** “And suddenly I realized that I should have to shoot the elephant after all, (Orwell 156)." - **Reread the sentence you copied for number three. . Paraphrase this sentence.** I realized that I would have to shoot the elephant regardless. ## Narration Review - **Narration tells a story by presenting events in an orderly, logical sequence.** - **Narration can provide the structure for an entire essay, but narrative passages may also appear in essays that are not primarily narrative.** - **In college writing, a narrative essay is more likely to present a sequence of events for the purpose of supporting the thesis.** - **Although it is usually best to include an explicit thesis statement, you may also play with other arrangements of events.** - **You can eliminate monotony in your writing by varying your sentence structure.** - **Define chronological order: a story told in a series of events.** - **Shifting a narrative into the past is called a flash back.** - **When you write a narrative, you should be careful to keep verb tenses consistent and accurate.** - **Transitions commonly used in writing narratives include:** **first**, **second**, **next**, **then**, **later**, **at the same time**, **meanwhile**, **immediately**, **soon**, **before**, **earlier**, **after**, **afterward**, **now**, and **finally** - **Like other essays, a narrative essay has an introduction, body, and a conclusion.** ## Patterns: Description page 151 - **We use description to tell readers about the physical characteristics of a person or thing** - **In description, you focus on the object itself rather than on your personal reactions to it.** - **Subjective description conveys your response to your subject.** - **“The main or outer stage was a large platform, which project out in to the audience. Sections of the floor could be removed to make such things as the graves in the grave digger's scene in Hamlet…” -this is an example of what type of description?** Objective Description. - **Provide a subjective description of your trip to school this morning:** As I was getting ready, I was very excited for a new day of school. The sun shining outside in my big, bright truck made it exciting to get to school. - **Provide an objective description of your trip to school this morning:** I got up at 6:00 AM, put on my clothes and my Nike shoes before brushing my teeth, brushing, my hair, and putting my 18. Finally, I got in the truck at 7:28 and took the route to school. - **Emotional associations of words are called: connotations.** - **Dictionary meanings of words are called: denotations.** - **A metaphor compares two dissimilar things without using like or as.** - **In a metaphor, the vehicle changes the tenor.** - **If an author wants to convey an essay's main idea subtly through details, she may use an implied thesis.** - **An explicitly stated thesis allows readers to see immediately the point the writer making** - **The mood or quality emphasized in a piece of writing:** Imagery and Symbolism. - **On back, define: simile, metaphor, personification, and allusion.** ## Canterbury Tales/Pardoner’s Tale/Green Knight- MAKE UP QUIZ - **Author of The Canterbury Tales:** Geoffrey Chaucer. - **Explain how "respect your elders" functions as a theme in "The Pardoner's Tale." (3 pts)** - **A trip made to a holy place for religious reasons:** Pilgrimage. - **Before Chaucer, literature was written in:** French, IL English, II, Hebrew, IV. Latin > a. I, II, III, IV > b. I, II, IV > c. I, III, IV > d. II, III, IV > e. II, IV - **Humorously making fun of a man’s shortcomings in order to shame him into better behavior:** Satire. - **Truth, honor, generousness, and courtesy all define:** > a. a pilgrim > b. a Pardoner > c. the Wife of Bath > d. a Knight > e. an Anglo Saxon - **Occurs when audience or reader knows something that the characters do not know:** Situational irony. - **When something occurs that is the opposite of what is expected:** Irony. - **How many pilgrims are there?** 30. - **What is the Green Knight’s secret identity?** A priest. - **What is the SPECIFIC reason The Green Knight gives Gawain as to why The Green Knight didn't kill Gawain? (3 pts).** He didn't die after being attacked by the Green Knight. ## The Green Knight-Reading Review - **What does Gawain's quest for the Green Knight tell us about Gawain's character?** Gawain is brave, honorable, and committed to upholding his knightly vows. - **What does the lady test when she gives her green girdle to Gawain?** If she would be loyal to her highborn lover. - **What is the Green Knight most interested in testing?** To test Gawain's integrity and worthiness. _**_**What would have happened to Gawain if he had not lied to the Green Knight about the green girdle?** He would have passed the Green Knight's test and proved he was worthy of a place in the cycle of life. - **The Green Knight's color symbolically represents:** nature, renewal, and the cycle of life. - **The Green Knight shows up wearing "soft clothes.” What might this tell us about the danger he presents to King Arthur’s court?** Appearances can be deceiving. - **Who wrote, _Sir Gawain and the Green Knight_?** J.R.R. Tolkien. - **When was the poem written?** Late 14th century. - **Define romance:** A narrative around heroic deeds, chivalry, adventure, and love. - **What are the three stages of romance?** Adventure, initiation, return. - **Legendary knights such as Sir Gawain dutifully obeyed a code of chivalry that represented a combination of religious and military ideals, including faith, modesty, loyalty, courtesy, bravery, and honor. Provide evidence from the story for each of the following:** **Modesty:** Gawain admits his faults and merits the Green Knight’s judgment. **Loyalty:** Gawain honors his commitment to seek out the Green Knight for a year. **Courtesy:** Gawain is respectful and courteous to the lady in the castle despite the attraction. - **Alliteration is the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words. Copy a line from the story that demonstrates alliteration.** “And bair were bornd with bands so bright green" (line 126). ## The Green Knight-Absent - **Identify a chance meeting that has occurred in the novel thus far.** A chance meeting is when Carome and Elizabeth meet at the orphanage they both work at by chance. - **In class, we talked about Victor’s reliability as a narrator. identify the event that calls into question Victor’s reliability as a narrator.** How Victor perceives the monster is what makes him an unreliable narrator and he says it tries to grab him and perceives the monster as dangerous; he did not trust Justine. - **What is ironic about Clerval caring for Victor when Victor falls ill?** Clerval cares for Victor, but Victor would cost for the monster he created causing him to fall ill. - **Why does Elizabeth feel responsible for what happens to William?** Elizabeth feels responsible because she was the one who gave William the locket he wore in during his death. Used as evidence to frame Justine. ## Frankenstein Chapters 5-8 Quiz - **Identify the characters and their relationship to Victor:** > **Henry Clerval:** Son of a Genevan merchant, studies with Victor. > **Elizabeth:** Victor’s adopted sister, formerly orphan, also his wife. > **Justine:** Servant of the Frankensteins', family friends, she died by guilty verdict. > **William:** Younger brother of the Frankensteins' Elizabeth cares for him, died by monster. > **Ernest:** Victor’s younger brother, Victor’s favorite brother. > **Walton:** Leader at a university in Ingolstadt, brought Victor along. - **How does Justine come to live with the Frankenstein family?** Her whole family dies, so the Frankensteins take her as a servant. - **Identify the thematic significance in your answer to the previous question.** Like Elizabeth, she is an orphan taken by the Frankensteins; the responsibility of parents taking care of kids. - **What ultimately happens to Justine. Who is most responsible for Justine’s fate?** Justine is given a guilty verdict, and she dies. Victor is most responsible because he created the monster and let it loose. ## Frankenstein-Reading Check II - **Fire is a key motif throughout Frankenstein. Provide properly cited evidence of the monster’s behavior the first time he encounters fire.** Relate this action to theme: “In my way, I thrust my hand into the live embers, but quickly drew it out again with s cry of pain.” (Shelley, 49-51) Nature vs. nurture; the five senses need to be touched in order to experience them. - **The monster describes his first interaction with people. Locate and properly cite the sentence that describes how the old man who was preparing his breakfast reacted to the Monster. To what theme does this interaction apply? Explain.** “I had hardly placed my foot within the door before the children shrieked” (Shelley, 60) Prejudice, the children screamed because the monster’s presence, a theme that suggests prejudice is a danger to society. - **The Monster finally finds a safe place to stay. Draw the Monsters new dwelling.** ( Draw a stick figure house) ## Frankenstein-Reading Check II - **Fire is a key motif throughout Frankenstein. Provide properly cited evidence of the monster’s behavior the first time he encounters fire.** Relate this action to theme: “In my way, I thrust my hand into the live embers, but quickly drew it out again with s cry of pain.” (Shelley, 49-51) Nature vs. nurture, the five senses need to be touched in order to experience them. - **The monster describes his first interaction with people. Locate and properly cite the sentence that describes how the old man who was preparing his breakfast reacted to the Monster. To what theme does this interaction apply? Explain.** “I had hardly placed my foot within the door before the children shrieked” (Shelley, 60) Prejudice, the children screamed because of the monster's presence, a theme that suggests prejudice is a danger to society. - **The Monster finally finds a safe place to stay. Draw the Monsters new dwelling.** (Draw a stick figure house) ## Review - **Subjective/Objective:** Subjective includes personal opinions and feelings, while objective presents facts without personal bias. - **Metaphor/Tenor/Vehicle:** The subject or concept being described - Tenor, is the image or object used to convey meaning - Vehicle. - **Connotative/Denotative:** Connotative- the implied or emotional meaning of a word, while Denotative - the dictionary definition or literal meaning of a word. - **Personification:** Assigning human characteristics to non-human objects or ideas. - **Sentence Structure:** Simple - One independent clause, Compound - Two or more independent clauses with a conjunction, Complex - One independent clause and at least one dependent clause, Compound complex - Two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. ## Exemplification - **What is exemplification?** Providing specific examples to explain, clarify, or illustrate points. Just walk on by uses examples to explore the issue of a black man in public spaces. Also, Why looks are the bastion of discrimination examples of real life stories of workers getting fired for not looking good enough. ## Process - **Chronological order:** Steps presented in the order they occur. - **Satire:** Use of humor (irony or exaggeration) to criticize or expose people's habits. - **A process essay explains?** How something works or the steps in a process. - **“Get It Right: Privatize Executions”** The Lottery – social traditions and blind conformity. ## Patterns: Process ch. 9, 263 - **A process essay explains how to do something or how something occurs.** - **A process, like narration, presents events in chronological order.** - **What is meant by chronological order?** The arrangement of steps or events in time. - **Depending on its purpose, a process essay can be either a set of instructions or a process explanation.** - **The purpose of instructions is to enable readers to perform a process.** - **The purpose of a process explanation is not to enable readers to perform a process but rather to help them understand how it is carried out.** - **Transitions such as _first_, _second_, _meanwhile_, _after_, _this_, _next_, _then_, _at the same time_, _when you have finished_, and _finally_ help to establish sequential and chronological relationships so that readers can follow the process.** - **Like other essays, a process essay generally consists of three sections: introduction, body, and conclusion.** ## English - **A clause:** Contains a subject & verb. - **Predicate:** Explains what a subject does. - **Ex: The cat sat on the blanket.** What/ who sat? Cat. On the verb. This is the subject. Cat, What did it do? It sat on the blanket. - **Simple present tense:** Present verb is not changing or it is not specified. - **Present tense indicative:** simple present tense. - **Clause can be independent or dependent.** - **One independent clause:** a simple sentence. - **Raymond walked to school this morning.** - **In the early morning mist, a water blasted through the fig.** - **I sat down in a nearby chair as the storm raged.** - **After the football game, the band planted their newly-ironed shirts on the box.** - **Dolan introduced himself to Willy and they exchanged their numbers.** - **Ibrahim listened to My Small on the radio so he would remember his music.** - **My teacher walked to the front, her hands aloft, afraid to be there.** - **Sameer in his new boots, walked to school this evening** - **Linking verbs:** Link the subject to something that rename or describes the subject. - **Grammar is easy.** - **We smile together as a class.** - **Fiona appears enlightened.** - **Red Bull/ Tastes bitter and sour** - **Zion/ show the new student around the building, but the new student just got lost.** ## English - **Epic:** A long narrative poem that celebrates the deeds of a hero. - **Epic heroes:** Usually a man of high social status and often important in the history of his people. - **Alliteration:** The repetition of consonant sounds, usually at the beginning of words and in stressed syllables. - **Caesura:** An obvious pause in a line of poetry. It is usually found near the middle of a line. - **Kenning:** An imaginative phrase that takes place of a single known -word. > **whale-road = sea** > **sky-house = body** > **skyscraper = building** - **Hyperbole:** An exaggerated statement not meant to be taken seriously. - **Personification:** Giving human-like qualities to non-living things - **Simile:** A comparison using _like_ or _as_. - **Metaphor:** Comparing two unlike things in order to give an added meaning. One consists of a vehicle and tenor (tenor meaning a vehicle gives the global meaning, i.e. my test rev was a headache). ## British Literature - **Literary Devices:** - **Kenning** - **Personification** - **Simile** - **Metaphor** - **Hyperbole** - **Alliteration** - **Epic Poetry** - **Caesura** - **Angles, Saxons, Jutes:** Dramatic tribes that moved to and took over Britain. Angles unite with Saxons becomes Angle of Saxons, Angles, land of Angles, England. - **Beowulf** was written around 700 AD in Old English. - **Old English:** Beowulf 500-1100 - **Middle English:** 1100-1500 - **Early Modern English:** 1500-1800 - **Shakespearean Era:** 1564-1616 - **Pagan:** A person holding religious beliefs other than the mainstream world religions. - **Beowulf Battles Grendel:** Grendel is the descendant from Kane, the demon king. Beowulf is a King in Denmark. Beowulf could protect his people, Grendel the hero, a mead hall. ## British Literature - **Frame Tale (Story):** A story that provides a vehicle, or frame, for telling other stories - **The frame story leads you into the larger story**. ## Canterbury Tales - **A collection of 24 stories.** - **Written in Middle English**. - **Beowulf - Old English (1000)** - **Canterbury Tales - Middle English (1400)** - **Shakespeare - Modern/Elizabethan English** - **Written by Geoffrey Chaucer between 1387-1400** - **The tales are presenter as part of a storytelling contest by a group of pilgrims.** - **Chaucer's use of such a wide range of characters and types of people was without precedent in English.** - **Vernacular:** Is the speech variety used in everyday life by the general population in a geographical or social territory. - **Canterbury Cathedral:** Religious pilgrims begin their journey from just outside of London and travel to Canterbury. - **Pilgrimage:** A journey, often into an unknown or foreign place, where a person goes in search of new or expanded meaning about the self, others, nature or a higher good. - **Satire:** Humorously making fun of a man's shortcomings in order to shame him into better behavior. - **Irony:** - **Verbal:** When someone says the opposite of what they really mean. - **Situational:** When something occurs that is the opposite of what is expected. - **Dramatic:** When the audience knows something that the characters don’t know. - **Couplet:** Two lines of rhymed verse usually in the same meter. - **Ways to fix grammar errors:** - **Read a passage out loud.** - **This test measures your knowledge, but will also help you learn many things, not will measure your knowledge, the test will prove this. The test will measure your knowledge, but will also help you learn many things.** - **You should always find your verb first, they are the keys to understanding grammar**. - **If you are able to find your verb first, you will be able to understand grammar. You should always find your verb first, they are the keys to understanding grammar. ** - **If you put "why or what" in front of the sentence...**? - **List four sentence types:** Simple (Independent), Complex (Independent and dependent), Compound (Two Independent), Compound-complex (Two Independent, at least one dependent) - **You can eliminate monotony in your writing by varying your sentence structure.** - **Present events in the exact order they occurred chronological order.** - **Shifting a narrative into the past is called a Flash back.** _**_Identify two types of theses: implied & stated. - **Underline the predicate, and circle the subject in each sentence below. In the blank provided, tell the sentence type.** > -Why would an author use an implied thesis? So the readers form their opinion > -Early in the morning _appears_ revealed. (Simple Sentence). > -After a lunch at the Ham Palace, _Shanny felt_ bloated (Complex Sentence). > -Shanny was _delighted_ with her New _engagement_ . (Simple Sentence). > -Shanny _felt_ the watery _with_ her toe. (Simple Sentence). > -The police _sneaky_ _ignored_ my new _nervous_ manner (Simple Sentence). ## Pardoner’s Tale - **Pardoners were licenced by the Pope to collect money & preach.** - **They would grant indulgences, _saying_ people were forgiven for their sins.** - **Unethical pardoners exploited the indulgence system for profit, _selling_ them to the undeserving.** - **This was so corrupt it was one of the major reasons behind the Reformation.** ## The Green Knight - **The Green Knight is green because he tests the nature of the knights of the Round Table.** - **Chivalry:** A code of conduct that characterized the ideal knight. ## Frankenstein - **Hubris:** Is one of the main themes of Frankenstein. - **“Do I not aspire to accomplish some great purpose? But I shrink, starting to pursuing endowments. But I have, as a balancing agent, and I have never yet been able to satisfy….. I have no friend.” –Margaret** - **Victor tells Walton his story, why he’s out there pursuing the monster: he detects Hubris.** - **He unnaturally gives life and in his memory, the natural life gives, dies.** ## Literary Terms - **Frame Narrative:** A story that starts from a point, then jumps back in time. - **Epistle:** A written letter. - **Epistolary:** A novel written as a series of letters. - **Hubris:** Excessive pride or self-confidence. - **Excessive pride usually leads to a downfall.** ## Frankenstein-Context - **Mary Shelley:** Author - 1797-1851, married to Romantic poet, Percy Shelley. - **Frankenstein:** Considered a Romantic/Gothic novel. - **Romanticism:** Was a reaction away from Rationalism. - **Rationalism:** A theory that sets reason as a source of knowledge. - **Criterion of the truth is not sensory but intellectual.** - **Enlightenment/Age of Reason:** 1715-1785. - **Francis Bacon/Isaac Newton** - **Romanticism:** - **End of the 18th Century through much of the 19th century.** - **Novels featured improbable plots, exotic settings.** - **Nature as a source of knowledge and refuge.** - **Appeals to imagination, improbable plots; willing suspension of disbelief.** - **Stress emotion over reason.** ## Gothic: - **The gothic novel arose in late 18th century England.** - **Combines romance with horror.** - **Qualities of gloom and gloom.** - **Characterized by a general mood of decay.** - **Action is dramatic and generally violent.** - **Evokes an atmosphere of terror.** - **Doubling of characters.** ## - **In context:** - **Author:** - **Considered:** - **Reaction:** - **Theory that** - **Criterion of truth is not sensory but intellectual** - **Age of Reason** - **Isaac Newton** - **Century** - **Improbable plots** - **Source of knowledge** - **Appeals to imagination** - **Doubling of characters** - **Arose in late 18th century** - **Combines** - **Mood of decay** - **Action is dramatic** - **Evokes** - **Personification** - **Simile** - **Metaphor and it's parts** - **Flashback** - **Hubris** - **Antagonist** - **Protagonist** - **Doubling** - **Connotative/Denotative** - **Objective/Subjective** - **Chronological order** - **Allegory** - **Foreshadowing** - **Epistolary** - **Foil** - **Satire** - **Irony (dramatic, situational, verbal)** - **Couplet** - **Frame tale/story** - **Thesis (implied/stated)** - **Frankenstein** _****_**Sophi’s adventure was easier than the monster’s because she is pretty and the monster is ugly.** ## British Literature - **Beowulf** - **Green Knight** - **Canterbury Tales - Chaucer** - **Frankenstein** - **Shouting an Elephant** - **38 who saw Murder** - **Pink Floyd Night School** - **No wonder they call me a...** - **The Hidden life of Garbage** - **Just walk on by** - **Why looks are the Bastion of Discrimination** - **The Lottery (Realism/Rationalism/Romanticism/Gothic Literature)** - **Narration** - **Description** - **Exemplification** - **Process** - **Language:** - **Sentence types:** Simple, Compound, Complex, Compound-Complex - **Comma Splice** - **Dependent/Independent clause** - **Parts of Speech** - **Terms-** - **Kenning** - **Alliteration** - **Caesura**