ENG4U Final Exam Review PDF

ENG4U Final Exam Review 1.​ Literary Terms: Foreshadowing: information/ event introduced that gives detail or hints at a future Hyperbole: An exaggeration used for effect scenario Irony: a contradictory statement or situation t...

ENG4U Final Exam Review 1.​ Literary Terms: Foreshadowing: information/ event introduced that gives detail or hints at a future Hyperbole: An exaggeration used for effect scenario Irony: a contradictory statement or situation to Allegory: a story, poem that can be interpreted to reveal a reality different from what appears to be reveal a hidden meaning (moral) true Analogy: comparison of two things for Metonymy: a figure of speech in which a person, explanation or clarification place or thing is referred to by something closely associated with it. (ex. The white house stated Metaphor: a direct comparison between two that…) unlike things, stating that one is the other or does the action of the other Oxymoron: combination of two words that appear to contradict each other (bittersweet) Allusion: a brief reference to some person, historical event, work of art, biblical or Paradox: statement in which a seeming mythological situation, character. contradiction may reveal an unexpected truth (ex. To keep peace you must prepare for war) Ambiguity: A word or phrase that can mean more than one thing, even in its context. Poets Synecdoche: indicating a person, object, etc. by often search out such words to add richness to letting only a certain part represent the whole their work. Often, one meaning seems quite (ex. All hands on deck) readily apparent, but the other is deeper and darker of a meaning await those who Synesthesia: an attempt to fuse different senses contemplate the poem. by describing one kind of sense impression in words normally used to describe another (ex. Apostrophe: speaking directly to a real or Loud aroma, soft voice) imagined listener, inanimate object, addressing that person or thing by name (ex. O Captain my Foil character: A contrast to the main character, Captain!) or the protagonist. The foil's personality traits, attributes, values, or motivations serve to Euphemism: An understatement used to lessen highlight the traits of the protagonist. If the the effect of a statement (ex. She is at rest, she’s protagonist is brave, the foil is timid. If the dead.) protagonist is kind, the foil is cruel  2.​ Hamlet: Go over your content questions. Re-familiarize yourself with the following important events from the play: ​ The ghost’s visitation (Act I, Scene I) -​ Ghost tells hamlet how he was murdered by his brother claudius, and explains how (poison in the orchard, and he managed to seduce gertrude) he instructs hamlet to revenge his foul and most unnatural murder -​ Ghost is spirit of Old King Hamlet ​ Claudius' Speech (Act I, Scene II) -​ Addresses the court about the death of his brother, and then toasts to his marriage -​ Emphasizes the need to balance mourning with the duties of the state -​ He encourages everyone to move on from the death (showing his lack of sincerity and grief for the situation) ​ Polonius' Advice to Laertes / Ophelia (Act I, Scene III) Ophelia and Hamlet's Relationship (Act I, Scene III) ​ The Ghost’s Revelation (Act I, Scene V) ​ Hamlet’s Antic Disposition (Act II, Scene I) ​ "To be or not to be" soliloquy (Act III, Scene I) -​ Hamlet contemplates death, and the uncertainty after death -​ ​ The "Play within a Play" (Act III, Scene II) ​ Hamlet Confronts Gertrude / murders Polonius (Act III, Scene IV) ​ Ophelia’s Madness (Act IV, Scene V) ​ Laertes Returns (Act IV, Scene V): ​ The Graveyard Scene (Act V, Scene I) ​ The Duel (Act V, Scene II) 3.​ 1984 Review all content questions and especially your 1984 Unit Test Review. ​ 4.​ Secondary Characters: Describe the important contributions to plot development made by each of the following characters from Hamlet and 1984. Character: Importance to plot or character development of protagonist: (Hamlet or Winston) Polonius -​ Comic relief -​ Lacks self awareness, (can be a foil to hamlet as he is driven by self-knowledge) -​ His death impacts hamlet as it enrages ophelia and laertes who seek revenge Claudius -​ Main antagonist -​ Demonstrates the contemplation of guilt and ambition (reveals inner conflict and potential request for forgiveness, sincere regret yet fails to do so) -​ Strong ability to manipulate others Gertrude -​ Sets the events in motion by marrying her late husband's brother -​ Witnesses hamlet killing Polonius and reports it to the king Rosencrantz and -​ Demonstrates lack of loyalty Guildenstern -​ Tests hamlets awareness and instincts, proves his madness is calculated -​ Represents irony because they end up experiencing the fate they set out for hamlet Ophelia -​ Represents femininity , stereotypes (men placing a substantial value on her virginity rather than who she is as a person) -​ Advice scene from Polonius demonstrates feminine stereotypes of the time (women are not emotionally intelligent, needs guidance and is vulnerable, gullible) -​ Serves as an outlet for hamlet to express his emotions, tool for the reader to dive deeper into his consciousness -​ Her character shows hamlets inconsistency, indecisiveness (i loved you, i loved you not) -​ She is used to spy and detect his strange behaviour (her humanity is disregarded, and she is more of a tool than a partner or valued daughter) Laertes -​ Serves as a foil to hamlet (he is single minded and seeking justice, but he is able to act unlike Hamlet) Horatio -​ Provides crucial information about the ghost appearance -​ Informs hamlet of the ghost -​ Keeps a secret -​ Loyal to hamlet (only character that stays consistent and faithful to Hamlet) O’Brien -​ Manipulates winston and gains his trust -​ He symbolizes the government, power and oppression -​ Tortures winston into submission -​ Winston suspects that O'Brien secretly opposes the Party. -​ O'Brien is a high-ranking Inner Party member, and Winston thinks he is secretly a rebel. He manipulates Winston into trusting him, and afterward he arrests and tortures Winston. -​ He is important in the story because he is an antagonist who directly affects the protagonist, Winston. -​ He functions largely to bring the reader into the inner chambers of the Party so that its mechanisms can be revealed. Without O'Brien, the Party would be as mysterious to the reader as it is to Winston and Julia Julia -​ A free-spirited mid-20's woman who opposes the Party, but in subtle ways through her love affair with protagonist Winston. She's the type of rebel who sleeps around for her own fulfillment or for rebellious reasons -​ Causes winston to rebel and be in a relationship, one the party does not support -​ Gives winston hope and a desire to live  Mr. Charrington -​ Allows winston and julia to rent his upstairs room to experience privacy which supports their relationship -​ He is the one who traps them, leading to their arrest -​ Mr. Charrington seems to physically represent the unsettling ability of the Thought Police to hide in plain sight and infiltrate the lives of Party members. -​ Member of the thought police -​ Shows to winston that he can not trust anyone in this type of society, 5.​ Themes - Come up with specific examples from each work for the following themes: Theme: Hamlet 1984 Sanity and “madness” -​ Hamlet displays an “antic -​ Winston believes different things disposition” where the than everyone else even though he Which characters seem “mad” in each work due surrounding characters is right, so he is considered insane to their beliefs or believe he has gone mad for not believing the lies actions? What is it they -​ This madness is fueled by his -​ He is taken to the Ministry of Love do? How does this affect fathers unnatural death, an act for conditioning and is told he is a other characters? of regicide committed by his ‘flaw in the pattern’ and is ‘insane’. uncle. -​ Other characters mainly those who -​ This madness is projected are affiliated with the Party, think onto his mother in a violent he needs conditioning too, and outburst expressing his arrest him. distaste for Claudius and his disappointment in her moving on quickly -​ This “calculated” madness causes him to impulsively kill Polonius, unintentionally which serves as plot development. -​ Madness out of anger and desires to avenge this murder -​ Ophelia shows signs of madness caused by her father’s death (killed by her lover Hamlet), Hamlet’s anger, and Laertes’ frequent absence.  -​ Act 4 shows Ophelia’s madness-- she is singing and at the end of the act she drowned herself in a river Betrayal and deception Protagonist: Prince Hamlet Protagonist: Winston -betrayed by his uncle, who kills his -​ Betrayed by mr.charrington who How are each of the protagonists betrayed and father to take the throne, and ended up being a member of the deceived by people / Gertrude thought police and they have been institutions surrounding watched on the telescreen all along. them? - his mother betrays him by having -​ O brien and mr charrington are an affair with his uncle and does not very deceiving as they convince mourn over his father’s death, instead Winston they are on the same side, marries the person who killed him just to then arrest him and frame him for thoughtcrime and rebelling. - Laertes deceives Hamlet by creating a plan to murder him -Hamlet betrays Ophelia by telling her that he never loved her, playing with her feelings and contributing heavily to her mental instability Love and loyalty -​ Hamlet shows loyalty to his -​ Love seems to be a crucial theme father for julia as she is not willing to give How do these function in -​ Claudius is not a loyal brother up her relationship with winston to the respective works? which causes a series of commit to the brotherhood issues -​ Winston and julia strongly value -​ R+G are not loyal friends to the idea of being loyal to each other Hamlet, but instead aim to even through the pain and torture. curry favor with the King. They are not willing to sacrifice -​ Hamlet and Ophelia each other for the sake of the demonstrate love, but it is put brotherhood. to a stop by Polonius as he -​ Intimate relationships are forbidden believes Hamlet is insincere by the Party because these and Ophelia will be used. relationships create divided -​ Horatio demonstrates pure loyalties; rather than placing the loyalty to his friend Hamlet, party first, people want to put their he is able to keep a secret, spouses first offers advice (the ghost could -​ be an evil appearance) informs him immediately of the ghost sighting, and supports him as he tries to prove that his uncle is responsible for his father’s death. Horatio is the only central character remaining and offers to kill himself to go with Hamlet, but as his dying request, he stays and lives on to tell his story. Abuses of Power -​ King Claudius abuses his -​ The government has complete power to get what he wants, control over the lives of the people Who has power in each work? What kind of his queen, the throne and in oceania, as well as their minds, power to they have? (e.g. control over Hamlet-- and as actions and beliefs (the children are - power over another we see in the prayer scene he completely brainwashed and the character, power over a is not willing to sacrifice idea of doublethink makes the country, power over these things ( this people believe lies or information someone’s mind / heart, etc.) unquenchable desire causes that used to be seen as fact to be him to do immoral acts) false, and that it always has been) -​ Claudius uses his power to -​ Must think and act a certain way as manipulates Hamlet you are always being watched, and -​ Hamlet also has a level of the idea of thoughtcrime has severe power, and uses this to seek consequences, limiting creativity revenge while questing for a and ability to have independent political balance for his thoughts people. -​ O brien representing power and oppression abuses the power he has to torture winston. Torture him into changing and conforming with the parties beliefs.