ENG REV 2NDQ S.R. PDF

ENGLISH Rev, 2nd Quarter Gawa ni solennlenn Sa sports writing u guys can trust me (shield sports writer ako) 01 | MODALS Modal Verbs- helping verbs which modify or EXAMPLES PARA SAYO OAT change the meaning of the main verbs 1. It is the pare...

ENGLISH Rev, 2nd Quarter Gawa ni solennlenn Sa sports writing u guys can trust me (shield sports writer ako) 01 | MODALS Modal Verbs- helping verbs which modify or EXAMPLES PARA SAYO OAT change the meaning of the main verbs 1. It is the parents’ responsibility to - You use modal verbs in giving provide for their children. advice or suggestions, in making 2. The sick lady sent a request for requests, or in giving predictions and medical assistance. prohibitions. 3. She does not have the capacity to teach. SOME EXAMPLES FORCHU! 1. May I use the restroom? MODAL NOUNS n 2. Solennavility might fail the upcoming - the condition or fact of being can exams. possible 3. I will come back after sunset. 4. You should wear appropriate attire - the quality or state of being in could for your job interview 5. You must listen intently. - - MODAL VERBS Ability, probability, permission l Past tense of can, for can could en - - need required the right or ability to do something given by someone who has the power to allow or disallow may might so - the condition or fact of a must requests and suggestions, particular outcome in an possibility uncertain situation - Permission, probability, may - the quality or state of being should possibility responsible - Probability, possibility might - the quality or state of being will - STRONG obligation, able to do something must necessity, prohibition si - Advice, very likely, WEAK should obligation Modal Adverbs- we use ung “kung paano ito nagawa” foundation or the manner. These - Prediction, biglaang will modals modify adverbs. decision, really certain - describes how something is done Modal Nouns- helping verbs which mostly and how someone feels about names of qualities or states. something. They give MORE - They are similar to modal verbs meaning however modal nouns name a quality, state, or condition that state EXAMPLES NAK, GOODLUCK modality. ENGLISH Rev, 2nd Quarter Gawa ni solennlenn Sa sports writing u guys can trust me (shield sports writer ako) 1. Drink responsibly. (Paano ka iinom? e. Or EDI responsibly, ganun lang hehe) f. Yet 2. The concert started promisingly, I g. So swear! 3. I love you, certainly. EXAMPLES HEHE 1. She grew tired of the city life, so MODAL ADVERBS she moved here. - in a manner that is sure Certainly 2. My friend could not attend this or without a doubt meeting for her family had an emergency. n - state that something is Possibly possible to happen 3. I love olives but you hate them. - in an obligate or Obligately en necessary manner 2. Subordinating conjunction- used to link a dependent clause to an independent - in a skillful or competent Ably clause. manner - Mostly cause and effect - in a promising manner Promisingly EXAMPLES BHIE - in a manner that is free Decidedly 1. Although: Although it was raining, l from doubt we still went for a walk. so - used to state something Permissively 2. Because: I went to bed early that is granted or given because I was tired. permission 3. If: If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 4. Since: Since it’s your birthday, let’s celebrate. 02 | CONJUNCTIONS Conjunctions- connect fragments, clauses, and clusters to form sentences. 3. Correlative Conjunctions- used in pairs si to join words, phrases, or clauses of equal ITS THREE TYPES importance in a sentence. 1. Coordinating Conjunctions- Also known as coordinators, coordinating - They are also known as correlators. conjunctions are used to give equal emphasis to a pair of main clauses. -COMMON PAIRS a. Either/Or -FANBOYS b. Neither/Nor a. For c. Not only/ But also b. And d. Both/and c. Nor e. Whether/or d. But f. No sooner/than ENGLISH Rev, 2nd Quarter Gawa ni solennlenn Sa sports writing u guys can trust me (shield sports writer ako) EXAMPLES (wag ka malito!!) ITS TWO TYPES 1. Either…or: You can either go to the 1. ACTIVE Voice- the subject is the beach or stay at home. DOER of the action 2. Neither…nor: Neither John nor Jane wants to go to the party. EXAMPLE (para magets mo pa nak) 3. Both…and: I like both coffee and I decorated her gift. tea. “I” is the subject and the doer of the verb 4. Not only…but also: She is not only decorated. intelligent but also hardworking. n 2. PASSIVE Voice- the subject is the RECEIVER of the action 03 | Subject-Verb Agreement - “by _____” -A verb MUST agree with its subject in en number EXAMPLE (para magets mo pa nak) 1. Her gift was decorated BY me The subject is “her gift” which is the MEANING: receiver of the verb “decorated”. - A Singular subject will have a singular verb and the S form 05 | All About Persuasive Speech EXAMPLE: l GOALS IN WRITING A PERSUASIVE 1. The cat is hungry. 2. The cat growls loudly PIECE so ▶convince the audience to accept a - A Plural subject will have a Plural particular perspective on a topic. verb and follow the BASE form ▶persuade more into believing your side of EXAMPLE: the kwento 1. The kids are angry. 2. The kids laugh when they see you. TIPS TO WRITE TIPS: 1. Instead of always bashing the other - If the subject shows“or, nor, side, show your side more and why si either, neither.. ” the verb will be they should believe yours more than PLURAL the others. 2. Provide facts, do not merely base on - Subjects joined by “and” Usually your opinion. have PLURAL verb. 3. Use a strong structure and outline Suggested outline by me 04 | Active and Passive Voice Voice -used to denote the form of the verb INTRO which shows if the subject in a given HOOK/Attention Grabber sentence is the doer or receiver of the Your side/Thesis statement action. BODY ENGLISH Rev, 2nd Quarter Gawa ni solennlenn Sa sports writing u guys can trust me (shield sports writer ako) Reason #1 -usually uses catchy verbs, “bags” Evidence “takes home the crown” “snaps” Reason #2 “crushes” Evidence EXAMPLE: Reason #3 1. PVL: ZUS Coffee nails 2nd Evidence straight win behind new acquisitions OUTRO Restate opinion and reasons with facts 2. LEAD State call to action and WHY it matters -first paragraph in sports article. Please n End with a catch outro. make sure to answer the 5W And 1H or these: 06 | Sports Writing (ito na guys, mabilis - most important paragraph langg!!) Sports Writing- a journalism category or piece of writing that covers sports-league related topic. Usually 6-8 paragraphs - Contains facts and scores and is more specific unlike News which l covers most topics. en Who won? Against whom? By what score? What event? When? Where? 3. BRIDGE so KINDS OF SPORTS ARTICLES (w mini -connects your lead to the body. Answer explanation) “WAITS” Blow-by-blow account story (Coverage Story)- usually a narrative W- W’s and H not answered in the lead Backgrounder story (sidebar story)- A- Attributes behind the scenes, what happens in the I- Identifies other personalities involved. background T- Ties up story back to a previous story Advanced story (dope or prognostication) S- Secondary facts 4. BODY si - more advanced and specific Sports feature- mixes creativity and -explains and narrates some of the covers a name, whether it be a person, events in the game to support the lead. team, or the sport in general. Sports editorial- facts mixed with the - Can contain quotes and additional opinion of the whole newspaper outlet facts Sports cartoon- graphic art Sports Column- facts mixed with the STRUCTURE: opinion of the writer. Uses 1st person POV Team and/or individual standing Suggested outline by me Decisive play 1. HEADLINE MVP Play-by-play ENGLISH Rev, 2nd Quarter Gawa ni solennlenn Sa sports writing u guys can trust me (shield sports writer ako) Quotation/Quotes - PURPOSE: DISCOVER TRUTH AND IDEAS NOT TO WIN AN 07 | Opinion Marking Signals ARGUMENT In showing our view on topics or simply opinion, we use signals. b. GROUP DISCUSIION - need not be a Here are some of these signals! formal exchange of opinions 1. In my opinion - can be an ordinary discussion 2. From my side -does not stick to one subject 3. In my perspective 4. I think EXAMPLES OF LOGICAL FALLACIES n 5. I believe 6. I agree (FALLACIES- wrongs most commit 7. I do not agree instead of making their argument) 8. I have no doubt that 9. I dare to say that 10. I am certain that 08 | Types of Argumentations Argumentation - The act or process of forming reasons and of drawing conclusions l and applying them to a case in discussion en ▶Ad Hominem- attacking the person instead of making your argument Example: Speaker A (fallacies): You're too young to understand the issues! Speaker B: I'm 30 years old, and you didn't even address my argument so - The process of making others ▶Straw Man- Intentionally misrepresenting accept your ideas the other side's argument to beat them Example: TWO TYPES OF ARGUMENTATION Speaker A (fallacies): We can't spend all 1. Formal Argumentation- logical of our money on marketing! inference that is based on constructing and evaluating Speaker B: Not all of our money! I just said I arguments, each of which provides want a small increase in the marketing budget. si reasons for a particular claim. -Calls for a chain of reasons ▶Slippery Slope- The argument that one event will lead to a series of events and eventually will lead to something very bad 2. Simple Argumentation (self sabotaging or OVER-escalating) Example: OTHER TERMS If I don't study for my test, I'll fail a. THE FORUM - lies between formal chemistry, get a low GPA, and I'll never debate or informal discussion get into college! ENGLISH Rev, 2nd Quarter Gawa ni solennlenn Sa sports writing u guys can trust me (shield sports writer ako) ▶Red Herring- Distracting from the real Biased Writing- subjective issue with an irrelevant point or piece of information 10 | Word Roots and Affixes Example: Speaker A: I know you want the company to Word Roots - base components of a word raise wages because of this that carry its MAIN meaning. Also Speaker A: We currently offer life-time - Base word of verbs, adjectives, benefits! adverbs WHAT I MEAN: *see how the second statement is useless Word root of cooking = cook n and distracting? Word root of swimming= swim Word root of actually= actual ▶Hasty Generalization- assuming without Word root of beautiful= beauty ENOUGH evidence Example: Speaker A: My friend took a philosophy class and said it was so challenging. All philosophy classes must be hard. I'm never taking one! ▶Ad Populum- “because something is l popular it is good or the truth” en Affixes - words added to the end or start of a word to modify its meaning ITS TWO TYPES 1. Suffix- affixes added to the end of the sentence EXAMPLES so Example: a. Ly Speaker A: All these people agree with b. Ful me. I'm definitely right! c. Able d. En 09 | Fact and Opinion & Understanding e. Ed f. Ing Biases g. Ion Fact - is true h. ness Opinion- is not, just on what you si think PERSONALLY EXAMPLES! 1. She danced awfully. When it is a factual writing piece like a 2. Popmart is not really affordable, News Article and there is opinion, it is biased. well on his budget. 3. Johnny, are you sleeping? If it is on what the speaker thinks and assumes, it is most likely biased. It is Favoritism for something an author is 2. Prefix- affixes added to the writing about. beginning of the sentence EXAMPLES Unbiased Writing- objective a. anti ENGLISH Rev, 2nd Quarter Gawa ni solennlenn Sa sports writing u guys can trust me (shield sports writer ako) b. fore 5. Onomatopeia- giving objects or c. Il describing with sounds d. Mis Example e. Non b. The floorboards creaked loudly. f. Re g. Un 12 |Synonyms, Antonyms and Homonyms EXAMPLES! Synonyms- pair of words that share the 1. This time she was unprepared. same meaning 2. The cops ignored the obvious EXAMPLES n illegal POGO hub. 1. Beautiful- gorgeous 3. Could they retell the story? I have 2. Fast- agile not listened well. 3. slim-fit 11 | Figures of Speech Figures of speech - are words or phrases that are used in a non-literal way to create an effect. COMMON KINDS: 1. Simile- comparing words with the words “like” or “as” Example l en Antonyms- pair of words that share the opposite meaning EXAMPLES 1. dim- bright 2. capable- incompetent 3. open-close Homonyms- pair of words that share the so a. Her smile was like the sun’s have the same spelling or pronunciation shining rays but different meanings EXAMPLES 2. Metaphor- comparing words directly 1. Bow (hair accessory)- bow (sign of without the words “like” or “as” respect Example 2. Address (speak)- address(location) a. I was midnight rain. 3. Match (pair)-match (flame) si 3. Personification- giving human qualities 13 |Cause and Effect to non-living matters/objects Cause- reason, bakit Example Effect- outcome, what happened after a. The moon and sun fought all year. EXAMPLES 4. Hyperbole- being “OA”, exaggeration 1. She studied hard for the exams Example (Cause) a. I just cried the whole river last So she scored pretty high (effect) friday. 2. He loved travelling (cause) So his parents bought him tickets to his dream destination (effect) ENGLISH Rev, 2nd Quarter Gawa ni solennlenn Sa sports writing u guys can trust me (shield sports writer ako) 3. You should have attended the EXAMPLE by mee meeting (effect) The o-cean cries loud- 5 syllables Because a celebrity visited (cause) Oh, See-king for a-ten-tion- 7 syllables con-sumed by des-pair - 5 syllables 14 |Types of Irony Irony- literary device that shows the contrast 17| Propaganda Techniques of expectation from reality Propaganda techniques- methods used to convince an audience ITS THREE TYPES 1. Verbal Irony- what is seen vs what KINDS OF PROPAGANDA TECHNIQUES n is said 1. Bandwagon- “most do it, so you should too!” 2. Situational Irony- what is expected vs what is done/reality 2. Testimonials- using a popular 3. Dramatic Irony- what the character knows vs what YOU/audience knows 15| Extensive and Intensive Reading knowledge l Reading-a source of enjoyment and en figure/expert or celebrity to promote. 3. Name calling - insulting other competitors 4. Plain folk- “im just like you” so 5. Glittering generalities- using flower ITS TWO TYPES or nice words to promote, “best, 1. Extensive Reading- reading for refreshing, captivating” recreation, out of fun 6. Humour- to elicit laughter from its 2. Intensive Reading- reading for target audience to catch attention. knowledge, to know 7. Transfer- using strong positive or si 16| Haiku negative feelings attached to it to Haiku-a japanese poem more on nature or make people feel the same way what the author feels. about something else. - Consists of only THREE lines STRUCTURE First line- 5 syllables Second line- 7 syllables Third line- 5 syllables