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This document appears to be a self-learning English language and Indian culture material, likely for an educational institute. The text is presented in a format suitable for notes and possibly study materials rather than a structured exam.

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ISBN : 978-81-967430-5-5 Lo v/;;u lkexzh Self -Learning Material (English Language & Indian Culture) ISBN : 978-81-96743...

ISBN : 978-81-967430-5-5 Lo v/;;u lkexzh Self -Learning Material (English Language & Indian Culture) ISBN : 978-81-967430-5-5 : (English Language & Indian culture) egkfuns’kd e/;izn's k tu vfHk;ku ifj"kn~] Hkksiky mik/;{k e/;izn’s k tu vfHk;ku ifj"kn~] Hkksiky mik/;{k e/;izn’s k tu vfHk;ku ifj"kn~] Hkksiky dqyifr egkRek xka/kh fp=dwV xzkeksn; fo'ofo|ky;] fp=dwV dk;Zikyd funs'kd e/;izn's k tu vfHk;ku ifj"kn~] Hkksiky egkRek xka/kh fp=dwV xzkeksn; fo'ofo|ky;] fp=dwV egkRek xka/kh fp=dwV xzkeksn; fo'ofo|ky;] fp=dwV egkRek xka/kh fp=dwV xzkeksn; fo'ofo|ky;] fp=dwV vf/k"Bkrk] xzkeh.k fodkl ,oa O;olk; izca/ku ladk; vf/k"Bkrk] xzkeh.k fodkl ,oa O;olk; izca/ku ladk; dqylfpo]egkRek xka/kh fp=dwV xzkeksn; fo'ofo|ky;] fp=dwV gsYiMsLd fp=dwV & 07670&265627] gsYiMsLd Hkksiky & 0755&2660203 www.cmcldp.org, [email protected] http://web700.128.202.new.ocpwebserver.com/ dkWihjkbV % egkRek xka/kh fp=dwV xzkeksn; fo'ofo|ky;] fp=dwV] e/;izn's k vkHkkj % bl ikB~;Øe dh v/;;u lkexzh vusd lzksrks]a O;fDr;ksa ds vuqHko vkSj laLFkkvksa ds izdk'kuksa rFkk osclkbZV~l ij miyC/k lkexzh ds lg;ksx ls rS;kj dh xbZ gSA lHkh ds izfr d`rKrk vkSj vkHkkjA ISBN : 978-81-967430-5-5 ISBN : 978-81-967430-5-5 dqyifr egkRek xk¡/kh fp=dwV xzkeksn; fo'ofo|ky;] fp=dwV lqizfl) lekt lsoh HkkjrjRu jk"Vª_f"k ukukth ns'keq[k ds nwjn'khZ iz;klksa vkSj igy ds ifj.kkeLo:i e/;izns'k 'kklu }kjk fp=dwV esa iq.; lfyyk ek¡ eankfduh ds lqjE; rV ij egkRek xka/kh fp=dwV xzkeksn; fo'ofo|ky; dh LFkkiuk 12 Qjojh 1991 dks ,d i`Fkd vf/kfu;e 9] 1991 ds }kjk ns'k ds igys xzkeh.k fo'ofo|ky; ds :i esa gqbZA fo'ofo|ky; dk /;s; okD; gS& vFkkZr xzke fo'o dk y?kq :i gSA lokZaxh.k xzkE; fodkl ds mn~ns'; dh izkfIr gsrq foxr rhu n'kdksa ls fo'ofo|ky; viuh lEiw.kZ jpukRed ÅtkZ dk fofu;ksx dj jgk gSA fu/kZu ds fe=] fodkl ds fpard vkSj 'kklu ds lg;ksxh ds :i esa fo'ofo|ky; us viuh mYys[kuh; lsok;sa izns'k vkSj jk"Vª dks lefiZr dh gSaA eq[;ea=h lkeqnkf;d usr`Ro {kerk fodkl dk;ZØe ¼lh-,e-lh-,y-Mh-ih-½ e/;izns'k 'kklu dh ,d egRokdka{kh vkSj vfHkuo igy gSA bl dk;ZØe ds varxZr fo'ofo|ky; e/;izn's k tuvfHk;ku ifj"kn~ ds lg;ksx ls izns'k ds leLr 313 fodkl[k.Mksa esa fodkl dh vko';drkvksa gsrq okafNr ekuo lalk/ku rS;kj djus ds mn~ns'; ls lekt dk;Z ds Lukrd vkSj ijkLukrd Lrjh; ikB~;Øeksa dk lapkyu djus tk jgk gSA fo'ofo|ky; us bl dk;Z dk 'kqHkkjEHk 'kS{kf.kd l= 2015&16 ls fd;k FkkA Lukrd Lrjh; ikB~;Øe esa vc rd ,d yk[k iPphl gtkj ls vf/kd Nk= iathÑr gksdj ikB~;Øe iw.kZ dj pqds gSaA ikB~;Øe dh miyfC/k;k¡ lgt gh xkSjo dh vuqHkwfr djkus okyh gSaA ^jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr&2020* ds ;qxkUrjdkjh izko/kkuksa us Hkkjrh; f'k{kk dh n'kk vkSj fn'kk esa vkewypwy ifjorZu djus dk 'ka[kukn dj fn;k gSA gekjk izn's k blesa usr`RodrkZ dh Hkwfedk esa gSA gekjk fo'ofo|ky; fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, mi;ksxh izko/kkuksa dks bl ikB~;Øe ls vFkZiw.kZ :i esa tksM+dj bUgsa l= 2022&23 ls iqu% la'kksf/kr&ifjof/kZr :i esa izkjEHk djus tk jgk gSA ikB~;Øe ;|fi nwjorhZ i)fr ls lapkfyr gS] fdUrq fu;fer laidZ d{kkvksa ds vk;kstu] mPp xq.koRrk dh Lo&v/;;u lkexzh ,oa ubZ 'kSf{kd izkS|ksfxdh dk mi;ksx djrs gq, f'k{kkFkhZ dks ^yfuZax eSustesaV flLVse ¼,y-,e-,l-½* vkSj ^LekVZ Qksu* ij ,Dlsl djus okys ,Ii ds ek/;e ls csgrjhu 'kS{kf.kd vuqHko iznku djus dh O;oLFkk lqfuf'pr dj jgk gSA ,slk djus okyk ;g izns'k dk igyk fo'ofo|ky; gSA ikB~;Øe dk y{; xkao&xkao esa fodkl dh {kerk vkSj le> j[kus okys ifjorZu nwrksa dks rS;kj djuk gSA ;g fo'ofo|ky; ds y{;ksa ds dsUnz esa Hkh gS vkSj ^laxPNRoe~ lEonRoe~* dh vo/kkj.kk okys e/;izns'k tuvfHk;ku ifj"kn~ ds fØ;k&dykiksa ds dsUnz esa Hkh gSA leku vo/kkj.kk vkSj dk;ZØeksa ls xzkE; thou dks iqf"ir&iYyfor djus okys bu laLFkkuksa dk ef.k&dkapu la;ksx izns'k ds fodkl ifjn`'; ds fy, vuqdwy vkSj vuqdj.kh; gksxkA ,slk esjk n`

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