EMT Final Exam Study Guide PDF

**EMT Final Exam Study Guide** Medical Terminology: **Preparatory Chapters** Roles and responsibilities of an EMT Types of medical direction Role of the medical director Evidence-based medicine CPR: numbers, rates, ratios, depths for newborns, infants, children, and adults AED use Hepatitis...

**EMT Final Exam Study Guide** Medical Terminology: **Preparatory Chapters** Roles and responsibilities of an EMT Types of medical direction Role of the medical director Evidence-based medicine CPR: numbers, rates, ratios, depths for newborns, infants, children, and adults AED use Hepatitis, tuberculosis Stages of grieving (anger, denial, bargaining, depression, acceptance) How to dispose of PPE Components of negligence (all 4) DNR, when to honor it Types of consent (implied, expressed, informed, minor, etc.) Slander vs. libel How to give a verbal report to hospital Role of the FCC Military time Proper lifting mechanics Transport positions on the stretcher (fowler, semi-fowler, supine, prone, etc) Aerobic vs. anaerobic metabolism Perfusion triangle (pump, blood, vessels) Carbonic drive vs. hypoxic drive What is tidal volume How to calculate minute ventilation (breathing rate X tidal volume) Causes of syncope (fainting) How to perform bag-valve-mask ventilations How to open a patient's airway (head-tilt-chin lift vs. modified jaw thrust) How to insert an oropharyngeal airway Oxygen administration percentages and flow rates for each device (NC, NRBM, BVM, SFM) How to ventilate through a tracheostomy tube When to use CPAP and how to use CPAP Oxygen administration for patients with COPD How to ventilate a child Where to assess pulses SAMPLED-OPQRST Normal blood pressures for adults and children Capillary refill How to assess pulse oximeter Carbon monoxide- what is it? How does it affect SpO2 readings Signs of respiratory distress Signs of respiratory failure Treatment of respiratory failure How to treat snoring respirations Signs / symptoms of heat stroke and heat exhaustion Steps of a secondary assessment How to calculate GCS Scope of practice Duty to act **Medical** Know actions of albuterol, nitroglycerin, activated charcoal, glucose, naloxone, aspirin ECG rhythms in cardiac arrest Standard of care Epiglottitis Treatment of open chest injury Cardiac arrest cardiac rhythms (ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, asystole) Pathophysiology of types of shock (distributive, obstructive, hyopvolemic, cardiogenic, anaphylaxis, hemorrhagic, sepsis, etc.) Common causes of cardiac arrest in children and infants Left sided heart failure vs. right sided heart failure Signs and symptoms of an aortic aneurism Sign and symptoms in a myocardial infarction Signs and symptoms of a stroke Types of stroke (ischemic, hemorrhagic) Treatment of a stroke Contraindications for fibrinolytic medications TIA Treatment of seizures Types of seizures (petit mal, clonic-tonic, etc. ) Status epilepticus Stages of a seizure Signs/symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia Diabetic ketoacidosis Long-term complications of diabetes Signs/symptoms/ pathophysiology/treatment of anaphylaxis Routes poisons can enter the body (absorbtion, injection, ingestion, inhalation, etc.) Types of narcotics (fentanyl, morphine, dilaudid, codeine, heroin, etc.) Treatment for narcotic overdose Treatment of other overdoses Hollow organs and solid organs Causes of acute abdominal pain Signs, symptoms, treatment of causes of abdominal pain: appendicitis, cholecystitis, endometriosis, UTI, endometriosis, ectopic pregnancy, etc. Kidney stones Sign/symptoms of upper and lower GI bleed Dialysis fistulas and shunts Ways people lose heat (convection, conduction, respiration, evaporation, radiation) Types of environmental emergencies Hypothermia, frost bite, heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke, etc. Cardiac arrest treatment in hypothermia How to rewarm a hypothermic patient Treatment of snake bites Venomous snakes (copperhead, rattlesnake, etc.) Venomous spiders (Brown recluse & Black widow) Treatment of spider bite Treatment of lightning strike Rhabdomyolysis (causes and symptoms) Treatment of drowning Pathophysiology of drowning Diving emergencies (arterial gas embolism, decompression sickness, etc. ) Treatment of behavioral emergencies **Trauma** Types of vehicle collisions and anticipated injuries (frontal, rear-end, rotational, rollover, lateral) Cavitation and gun shot wounds High velocity vs. low velocity GSW Capabilities of the different levels of trauma center Platinum 10 minutes Golden hour Signs/symptoms/management of different types of bleeding (arterial, venous, capillary) Signs/symptoms of shock Stages of shock (compensated, decompensated, irreversible) Treatment of epistaxis (nosebleed) Treatment of evisceration Treatment of amputation Treatment of open neck injury Different categories of burns (superficial, partial thickness, full thickness) Rule of 9's (Adults and babies) Rule of palms Treatment of burns Ligaments, tendons, fascia, joints Sprains, strains, fractures, dislocations Rules of splinting long bones Rules of splinting joints When to remove impaled objects Treatment of impaled objects How to assess distal sensory and motor function in extremity Know the 6 P's of assessing an extremity Compartment syndrome Know the number of vertebrae in each area of the spine How to perform spinal motion restriction Retrograde amnesia Treatment of eye injuries Flail segment signs and symptoms and treatment Signs and symptoms of a tension pneumothorax, open pneumothorax, hemothorax, cardiac tamponade, etc. **Special Patient Populations** Length of full term pregnancy Gravida, parity Know the different stages of labor When and how to clamp/cut umbilical cord When/how to perform uterine massage Assessment of a newborn Calculation of an APGAR score Normal respiratory/pulse rate of newborn Treatment of abnormal birth presentations (prolapsed cord, limb presentation, breech, nuchal cord, meconium, etc.) Abruptio placenta vs. placenta previa Signs symptoms of eclampsia and pre-eclampsia Signs/symptoms/treatment of ectopic pregnancy Causes of febrile seizure Common respiratory conditions for children (croup, asthma, epiglottitis, RSV, pneumonia, etc.) How to assess a small child Importance of injury prevention program in kids Common respiratory conditions of the elderly (pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, etc.) Elderly compensation for shock Hospice care **Operations** Ambulance operations Intersection safety School bus safety while operating ambulance Hazmat: cold, warm, hot zone Staging area How to triage ambulatory patients at MCI MCI triage (RPM) Green, Yellow, Red, Black tags Cystic fibrosis Assessment findings of patient with CHF and pulmonary edema