Emergency Procedures - Day 1 PDF

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Purpose: Emergency situations, Safety Scope: Procedures to cover the most likely situations - use own judgment and initiative. Communication Normal –language and tone relaxed and descriptive (service, duties) Abnormal – Urgency exists, speak in calm and clear voice (...

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Purpose: Emergency situations, Safety Scope: Procedures to cover the most likely situations - use own judgment and initiative. Communication Normal –language and tone relaxed and descriptive (service, duties) Abnormal – Urgency exists, speak in calm and clear voice (fuel leak) Emergency - Extreme urgency, evacuation commands, calm and clear (fire/hijacking) Non verbal communication Chain of Command Captain First Officer Senior Cabin crew Cabin crew Trainee cabin crew General Rules for All Emergencies The ICFA is the liaison with the flight deck Doors can only be opened when aircraft has come to a complete stop No exit to be opened in-flight Never attempt mass movement unless instructed by PIC Always be alert to the potential of fire Abnormal Situations Unusual noise or vibration Smoke or fumes Engine shut down Burst tyre Abandoned Takeoff Flap failure  Passenger Panic Negative/Passive Positive/Aggressive Panic Panic Lack of concern Sudden, unreasoning May remain seated Hysterical fear ▪ Repeat shouted commands ▪ Verbally gain control ▪ Alter to direct ▪ Gain control via shock commands to value passenger Use of interphone to communicate in an emergency Preferred method as flight deck door locked from chocks off to chocks on. Emergency situation – door unlocked and face to face communication Emergency situation – hijacking? Emergency in the Cabin When emergency occur – advise flight deck immediately Enter when possible and wait to be acknowledged Use interphone in the case of: ▪ Smoke filled cabin ▪ Hijacking  Flight Deck will notify you of an emergency by the command PURSER TO THE FLIGHT DECK X Notification 2 of an ICFA TO THE FLIGHT DECK Emergency X2 SENIOR TO THE FLIGHT DECK X 2 ICFA DUTIES Stop duties / stow trolley Check door area free of obstruction Check door is armed Check toilets empty and locked Check galley is secure Obtain PELB Enter the Flight Deck Conduct TESTS/NITS briefing  CREWMEMBER DUTIES Stop duties / stow trolley Check door area free of obstruction Check door is armed Check toilets empty and locked Check galley is secure Obtain PELB and meet in designated area (1R galley) Wait for SCCM to do TESTS/NITS briefing  ICFA is responsible to conduct the briefing The TESTS/NITS briefing is to ensure nothing is forgotten TESTS/NITS When ICFA completed in F/D return to Cabin to conduct briefing with other crew Briefing T – Type of Emergency Emergency N – Nature of E – Evacuation Plan I - Intention S –Signal Confirmation T – Time Remaining T – Time remaining S – Special Instructions S – Special Instructions  Brace signal 30 seconds / 200 feet above the ground BRACE BRACE (said over PA system) Emergency lights being switched on (Master control switch) A chime in the cabin being heard (Low chime)  What must you do? 1. Assume protective Brace position 2. Start shouted commands 3. Remain in Brace position until aircraft comes to complete stop.  EVACUATE EVACUATE EVACUATE If hazards exist – Evacuate left/right/forward/rear Evacuate in 90 sec’s with half exits usable Evacuation Signal If fire too hot Water too high = LEAVE Smoke too Thick Factors to determine Survivability OF AN EVACUATION Time Leadership and assertiveness Quick opening of exits Smoke, gas, or fumes Ability to see where going Prevention of evacuation If any stage emergency situation resolved, and an evacuation is no longer necessary. “CABIN CREW REMAIN SEATED” Remain seated, perform silent review. Wait for further communication, either Evacuation or explanatory announcement, if no communication attempt communication with flight deck Rejected Takeoff  Mechanical problems  Activation caution advisory lights  Entrance of aircraft/animal on runway  Other emergency  Mechanical problems Activation of caution advisory lights Missed Entrance of aircraft / animal Approach Adverse weather conditions Other emergencies  Evacuation may not be necessary- disembarkation may be option. 1. Wait for Communication 2. Senior to enter, determine actions 3. Communicate provide direction Non Catastrophic to other crew Accident 4. Initiate evacuation if necessary 5. Other crew watch – no senior – emer. interphone call to f/d 6. No response, assess, continue to assess, attempt communication 7. If turns catastrophic – initiate evacuation Catastrophic Accident Should a catastrophic accident occur before communication may take place – Initiate evacuation immediately. Exit assessment Heat on exit Smoke or visible flames A large drop High water Window melting If unable to use: S – Shout the problem E – Elevate if necessary A - Assess other exits in use R – Redirect passengers to usable exits  Rapid Disembarkation Evacuation  Little risk of injury pax  Great risk of injury to and A/C pax, a/c  PA announcement  Shouted commands  Leave belongings  Leave belongings  Leave via main door  Leave through all exits  No smoking  No smoking Check zones, collect equipment, evacuate yourself, Gather passengers 200 – 300m upwind, perform head count, first aid, and protection from elements An example of all passengers adopting a brace position before impact occured, and surviving the subsequent crash happened in 1991 when an SAS MD-80 lost both engines shortly after take-off. The aircraft ended up in three pieces, yet the majority of passengers literally walked away from the crash. Only seven were seriously injured and their all adopting a brace position was cited as a significant factor in the survival of all on board  Un Planned – takes place Types of without warning emergencies Planned – ample warning to pre-plan landing and evacuation Preparation for Emergency landing Each cabin crewmember must check your area of responsibility. Difference to normal landing checks? All lighting on for preparing cabin Give STANDARD BRIEFING to all passengers ABP’S BRIEFED – DOORS and OVERWING EXITS Window and Aisle passengers If time brief SPAT passengers Final checks to be done by the Senior Cabin Crewmember. Evacuation Responsibilities Basic Emergency Evacuation Procedure Crowd control: Pax to remain seated until A/C complete stop PA/Voice to leave all belongings Dispense with courtesy Assert your authority Assess outside conditions Initiation of Evacuation Procedure: Unfasten seatbelt and communicate with pax Assess outside conditions Open exit if safe Redirect if not safe Evacuation of passengers: Stand in Protective Position Make verbal contact Control steady flow – 1 or more pax per second Use physical/verbal measures to keep pax moving Don’t interfere with small items If stops in doorway – physically push them out Use others to assist Assess other exits whether to redirect/call pax to your exit After Evacuation: Check activity at other exits Check zones Remove emergency equipment Direct passengers upwind Give first aid Restrain passengers wanting to re enter Take change/ take command LOCATION PROTECTION FLOTATION Use Flares Build a fire Use life vests/ rafts Use Sea Dye - Put up canopy on raft Use seat cushions if Survival Kit Make a ‘huddle” in needed Use Portable ELT water Use the “huddle” in Build Fire Do the “help” position water Use material strips to in water Remember your leak make patterns on stoppers and Repair ground Clamps Put up canopy on raft Scatter life jackets around Wear Life vests Use raft Shouted commands METHOD OF SHORT/CONCISE/ DO NOT SCREAM AVOID NEGATIVE COMMUNICATING DIRECTIVE COMMANDS REPEAT COMMANDS UNTIL: AIRCRAFT COMES TO UNTIL VOICE EXHAUSTED, ENGINE NOISE IS TOO COMPLETE STOP/ NEED TO SAVE VOICE FOR LOUD AND YOU CANNOT EVACUATE COMMAND EVACUATION BE HEARD GIVEN