Elements and Principles of Graphic Design PDF

Elements of Arts “The building blocks” LINE Is the path of a moving point. SHAPE A two-dimensional enclosed area Geometric shapes have clear edges and angles ex. Square, circle, triangle Organic Shapes are irregular shapes or shapes found in nature Abstract Shapes have a recognizabl...

Elements of Arts “The building blocks” LINE Is the path of a moving point. SHAPE A two-dimensional enclosed area Geometric shapes have clear edges and angles ex. Square, circle, triangle Organic Shapes are irregular shapes or shapes found in nature Abstract Shapes have a recognizable form but are not real. They are stylized or simplified versions of organic shapes. A stick figure is an abstract shape depicting a person. FORM A three-dimensional geometrical figure Versus shape, which is two-dimensional, or flat Color Hue. May be complimentary, analogous, primary, secondary, tertiary, or part of a color wheel. COLOR Consists of Hue (another word for color), Intensity (brightness) and Value (lightness or darkness). Henri Matisse Alexander Calder Achromatic “No color” Using only black, white and greys to create art QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Monochromatic Using ONE color, and various values of that color to create art  Warm Colors Reds, Pinks, Yellows, Oranges Think “fire” Cool Colors Greens, Blues, Purples Think “water”  Complementary Colors Colors that appear directly across from one another on the color wheel. Orange & Blue Green & Red Yellow &Violet Visual Elements - Value Categories of Values  Tint is adding white to color paint to create lighter values such as light blue or pink.  Shade is adding black to paint to create dark values such as dark blue or dark red.  High-Key is where the picture is all light values. VALUE The lightness and darkness of a color or tone Visual Elements - Texture Categories of Texture  Real Texture is the actual texture of an object. Artist may create real texture in art to give it visual interest or evoke a feeling.  Implied Texture is where a piece of art is made to look like a certain texture. Like a drawing of a tree trunk may look rough but in fact it is just a smooth piece of paper SPACE Distance or area around, between, behind a 3-D object Positive & Negative Space Positive - area that objects occupy Negative - area around objects  LINE COLOR Review of the VALUE Elements… SHAPE TEXTURE FORM SPACE PRINCIPLES OF ART What we do with the elements of design Proportion Variety Balance Movement Rhythm/Repetition Emphasis /Pattern Unity/Harmony Contrast BALANCE Equalizing the visual forces, or “Visual weight” Central Axis - dividing line that works like the point of balance on a scale (can be vertical or horizontal) Types of Balance Symmetrical: two sides identical; mirror image Radial: when the elements of a design come “out” from a central point Asymmetry (Informal): balance of unlike elements, b/c two objects may have same visual weight as a larger singular object  Symmetrical Balance The parts of an image are organized so that one side mirrors the other. Leonardo DaVinci Asymmetrical Balance When one side of a composition does not reflect the design of the other. PROPORTION The comparative relationship of one part to another with respect to size, quantity, or degree; SCALE. Gustave Caillebotte MOVEMENT How your eye moves throughout the artwork Ways to Create Movement Overlap objects Aligning to edges to produce a feeling of continuous movement Strong sense of form Create a path between objects Emphasizing/Exaggerating elements Placing center line (horizon line) high in the picture Blurry outlines Multiple images RHYTHM/REPETITION repeating an object or art element creates Pattern and Rhythm… PATTERN and Repetition Repetition of a design. Gustav Klimt What is a motif? A thematic or visual element in a work of art, usually recurrent. In design, a repeated form or pattern - geometrical, naturalistic or stylized. EMPHASIS Emphasis of an area or focal point: First part of the work that grabs your attention Ways to create Emphasis: Contrast of elements Isolation of objects Location (centering) CONTRAST Deals with the difference of the art Orange versus blue (complementary colors); warm versus cool colors elements used Black versus white UNITY and HARMONY Harmony creates unity by stressing the similarities of separate but related parts. Color, Repetition of shapes, Spacing Unity quality of oneness of wholeness that is achieved through the effective use of the elements VARIETY The use of differences and change to increase the visual interest of the work. Marc Chagall Other Important Terms: Composition: the selection and arrangement of elements of art and design Design: arranging your elements in a work that is non-objective or abstract Medium: what an artwork is made of or how it is made Subject matter: what an artwork is OF Rule of Thirds: not centering your subject