Electromagnetic Spectrum PDF

Electromagnetic Spectrum Definition The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all types of electromagnetic radiation, characterized by their wavelengths and frequencies. Components 1. Radio Waves: ○ Wavelength Range: (up to thousands of meters). ○ Uses: Communication (A...

Electromagnetic Spectrum Definition The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all types of electromagnetic radiation, characterized by their wavelengths and frequencies. Components 1. Radio Waves: ○ Wavelength Range: (up to thousands of meters). ○ Uses: Communication (AM/FM radio, TV signals), radar, and astronomy. 2. Microwaves: ○ Uses: Cooking (microwave ovens), satellite communications, weather radar. 3. Infrared Radiation: ○ Uses: Thermal imaging, remote controls, and heaters. 4. Visible Light: ○ Characteristics: This is the only part of the spectrum visible to humans. Red: Longest wavelength, lowest frequency. Violet: Shortest wavelength, highest frequency. 5. Ultraviolet (UV) Light: ○ Uses: Sterilization, tanning, and studying celestial objects. ○ Dangers: Can cause skin cancer and eye damage. 6. X-rays: ○ Uses: Medical imaging, security scanners, and studying atomic structures. ○ Dangers: Prolonged exposure can damage tissues and DNA. 7. Gamma Rays: ○ Uses: Cancer treatment, sterilization, and astrophysics. ○ Dangers: Extremely harmful to living tissues. Key Relationships Speed of light (c):. Relationship between wavelength (λ) and frequency (ν): where: ○ : Wavelength in meters. ○ : Frequency in hertz (Hz). Energy Increases: As wavelength decreases and frequency increases. Applications and Phenomena 1. Radio Waves: ○ Communication (radio, TV). ○ Astronomy: Detecting celestial bodies. 2. Microwaves: ○ Mobile phones and Wi-Fi. ○ Radar: Tracking weather patterns. 3. Infrared Radiation: ○ Night vision goggles. ○ Heat sensors and thermal cameras. 4. Visible Light: ○ Vision: Enables us to see the world. ○ Optical instruments: Microscopes, telescopes. 5. Ultraviolet Light: ○ Vitamin D production in skin. ○ Studying molecular structures. 6. X-rays: ○ Security checks. ○ Diagnosing fractures and dental imaging. 7. Gamma Rays: ○ Studying nuclear reactions. ○ Destroying cancer cells.