Electrolyte Imbalances Practice Quiz PDF

Electrolyte Imbalances Practice Quiz:\ **Question 11: Management of Hyperkalemia** Which intervention is most appropriate for a patient with hyperkalemia and ECG changes? **A. Administer IV insulin with glucose.**\ B. Administer IV calcium chloride.\ C. Encourage oral potassium intake.\ D. Adminis...

Electrolyte Imbalances Practice Quiz:\ **Question 11: Management of Hyperkalemia** Which intervention is most appropriate for a patient with hyperkalemia and ECG changes? **A. Administer IV insulin with glucose.**\ B. Administer IV calcium chloride.\ C. Encourage oral potassium intake.\ D. Administer isotonic saline solution. **Answer:** A. Administer IV insulin with glucose.\ **Rationale:** IV insulin drives potassium into the cells, lowering serum potassium levels. Glucose prevents hypoglycemia. **Question 12: Symptoms of Hypermagnesemia** Which symptoms would the nurse expect in a patient with hypermagnesemia? *(Select all that apply.)* **A. Lethargy.\ **B. Hyperactive reflexes.\ **C. Decreased deep tendon reflexes.\ D. Muscle flaccidity.\ **E. Positive Chvostek's sign. **Answer:** A, C, D.\ **Rationale:** Hypermagnesemia causes neuromuscular depression, resulting in lethargy, decreased reflexes, and flaccid muscles. Chvostek's sign is seen in hypocalcemia. **Question 13: Phosphate-Calcium Relationship** A patient with hyperphosphatemia may develop which associated condition? A. Hypercalcemia.\ **B. Hypocalcemia.\ **C. Metabolic alkalosis.\ D. Respiratory acidosis. **Answer:** B. Hypocalcemia.\ **Rationale:** Hyperphosphatemia often leads to hypocalcemia due to the reciprocal relationship between calcium and phosphate. **Question 14: Interventions for Hyponatremia** What is the priority intervention for a patient with severe hyponatremia and seizures? A. Administer 0.9% saline IV.\ B. Restrict fluid intake.\ **C. Administer 3% sodium chloride IV slowly.\ **D. Administer oral sodium tablets. **Answer:** C. Administer 3% sodium chloride IV slowly.\ **Rationale:** Severe hyponatremia with seizures requires careful administration of hypertonic saline to restore sodium levels safely. **Question 15: Hypercalcemia Symptoms** A patient with hypercalcemia complains of weakness. What additional assessment findings should the nurse monitor? A. Increased bowel sounds and diarrhea.\ **B. Bone pain and kidney stones.\ **C. Hyperactive reflexes and tetany.\ D. Seizures and positive Trousseau's sign. **Answer:** B. Bone pain and kidney stones.\ **Rationale:** Hypercalcemia leads to decreased neuromuscular excitability, bone pain, and kidney stone formation. **Question 16: Hypocalcemia ECG Changes** Which ECG change is commonly associated with hypocalcemia? A. Peaked T waves.\ B. Widened QRS complex.\ **C. Prolonged QT interval.\ **D. Shortened PR interval. **Answer:** C. Prolonged QT interval.\ **Rationale:** Hypocalcemia causes delayed cardiac repolarization, reflected by a prolonged QT interval. **Question 17: Priority Intervention for Hypernatremia** What is the priority nursing action for a patient with hypernatremia due to water deficit? **A. Administer sodium-free fluids.\ **B. Increase dietary sodium intake.\ C. Provide oral rehydration solutions.\ D. Restrict sodium-containing medications. **Answer:** A. Administer sodium-free fluids.\ **Rationale:** Sodium-free fluids, such as 5% dextrose in water, address water deficit without increasing sodium levels. **Question 18: Dietary Teaching for Hypokalemia** Which food choice indicates a patient understands dietary teaching for hypokalemia? A. Apples and rice.\ **B. Bananas and oranges.**\ C. White bread and pasta.\ D. Cheese and yogurt. **Answer:** B. Bananas and oranges.\ **Rationale:** Bananas and oranges are high in potassium and help correct hypokalemia. **Question 19: Hypophosphatemia Symptoms** Which clinical manifestations are expected in severe hypophosphatemia? A. Seizures and tetany.\ **B. Confusion and muscle weakness.**\ C. Hyperactive reflexes and tremors.\ D. Lethargy and respiratory depression. **Answer:** B. Confusion and muscle weakness.\ **Rationale:** Severe hypophosphatemia impairs cellular energy, leading to confusion and muscle weakness. **Question 20: Magnesium Deficiency Causes** What is the most likely cause of hypomagnesemia in a patient with chronic alcoholism? A. Renal failure.\ **B. Decreased dietary intake.\ **C. Increased magnesium absorption.\ D. Excessive use of magnesium supplements. **Answer:** B. Decreased dietary intake.\ **Rationale:** Chronic alcoholism is associated with poor nutritional intake, leading to magnesium deficiency. **Question 21: IV Potassium Administration Precaution** Which action is essential when administering IV potassium chloride? A. Administer as an IV push for rapid correction.\ **B. Monitor for infiltration to prevent tissue necrosis.**\ C. Use undiluted potassium to prevent fluid overload.\ D. Administer through a central line only. **Answer:** B. Monitor for infiltration to prevent tissue necrosis.\ **Rationale:** Potassium chloride is highly irritating to tissues and can cause necrosis if infiltrated. **Question 22: Hypermagnesemia Management** Which intervention is indicated for a patient with hypermagnesemia and renal insufficiency? A. Restrict fluids to prevent fluid overload.\ B. Administer oral magnesium supplements.\ **C. Initiate hemodialysis to remove excess magnesium.**\ D. Encourage intake of green vegetables and nuts. **Answer:** C. Initiate hemodialysis to remove excess magnesium.\ **Rationale:** Dialysis is necessary to remove magnesium in patients with impaired renal function. **Question 23: Hypokalemia Symptom** Which symptom is most concerning in a patient with hypokalemia? A. Muscle weakness.\ **B. Cardiac dysrhythmias.\ **C. Decreased bowel sounds.\ D. Increased thirst. **Answer:** B. Cardiac dysrhythmias.\ **Rationale:** Hypokalemia can cause life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias. **Question 24: Hypocalcemia Signs** Which physical assessment finding is indicative of hypocalcemia? A. Muscle flaccidity.\ **B. Positive Trousseau's sign.**\ C. Decreased reflexes.\ D. Hypertension. **Answer:** B. Positive Trousseau's sign.\ **Rationale:** Trousseau's sign indicates neuromuscular irritability due to hypocalcemia. **Question 25: Nursing Diagnosis for Hyperkalemia** What is the priority nursing diagnosis for a patient with hyperkalemia? A. Risk for injury.\ B. Fluid volume deficit.\ C. Impaired tissue integrity.\ **D. Risk for decreased cardiac output.** **Answer:** D. Risk for decreased cardiac output.\ **Rationale:** Hyperkalemia affects cardiac conduction, increasing the risk of decreased cardiac output. **Question 26: Magnesium Imbalance Assessment** A patient with hypomagnesemia may exhibit which symptoms? A. Lethargy and decreased reflexes.\ **B. Hyperactive reflexes and tremors.\ **C. Constipation and muscle flaccidity.\ D. Seizures and respiratory depression. **Answer:** B. Hyperactive reflexes and tremors.\ **Rationale:** Hypomagnesemia causes neuromuscular hyperirritability. **Question 27: IV Magnesium Administration** When administering IV magnesium sulfate, what is the priority nursing action? A. Monitor urine output.\ B. Check for Chvostek's sign.\ C. Administer as an IV push.\ **D. Monitor for respiratory depression.** **Answer:** D. Monitor for respiratory depression.\ **Rationale:** Rapid magnesium administration can cause respiratory and cardiac depression. **Question 28: Hypercalcemia Complications** Which complication is most associated with prolonged hypercalcemia? A. Seizures.\ **B. Bone fractures.\ **C. Hypokalemia.\ D. Muscle spasms. **Answer:** B. Bone fractures.\ **Rationale:** Prolonged hypercalcemia can weaken bones, increasing fracture risk. **Question 29: Hypophosphatemia Interventions** Which intervention is appropriate for severe hypophosphatemia? A. Restrict dairy intake.\ **B. Administer IV potassium phosphate.\ **C. Encourage vitamin D supplementation.\ D. Restrict oral phosphate supplements. **Answer:** B. Administer IV potassium phosphate.\ **Rationale:** Severe hypophosphatemia requires IV phosphate replacement. **Question 30: Hyperkalemia Dietary Teaching** Which statement indicates understanding of dietary restrictions for hyperkalemia? A. \"I can continue eating bananas.\"\ **B. \"I should limit salt substitutes.\"**\ C. \"Oranges are safe for me to eat.\"\ D. \"I need to eat more potatoes.\" **Answer:** B. \"I should limit salt substitutes.\"\ **Rationale:** Salt substitutes often contain potassium and should be avoided in hyperkalemia.